Objective To investigate the clinical features, treatments and prognostic factors of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in the female genital tract. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 13 cases of RMS in the female genital tract. Clinical characteristics, treatments and prognosis were compared and analyzed statistically. Results The median age was 21.0 years (range, 6 to 54 years). There were 6 cases vaginal RMS and 7 cases cervical RMS, included 11 cases of embryonal RMS (ERMS) and 2 cases of alveolar RMS (ARMS). According to the Federation International of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO)staging system,there were 6 cases of stageⅠ, 3 cases of stageⅡ, 1 case of stageⅢand 3 cases of stage Ⅳ, the median survival time were respectively 112.5, 153.0, 9.0 and 3.5 months. According to the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcom Study Group (IRSG) staging system, there were 10 cases of stageⅠ and 3 cases of the stage Ⅳ, and their median survival time were respectively 112.5 and 3.5 months. Nine patients received surgery and the median survival time was 108.0 months (range, 9 to 228 months), 6 of them received chemotherapy after surgery and the median survival time was 152.0 months (range, 9 to 228 months), the other 3 cases did not receive any therapy after surgery and the median survival time was 25.0 months (range, 9 to 108 months). Four patients did not receive surgery and the median survival time was 6.3 months (range, 1 to 117 months). There were 2 cases received combined treatment included radiotherapy and the survival time were respectively 4 and 198 months. There were 8 cases who was survival without disease and 5 cases died of cancer. The median survival time in 13 patients was 25.0 months (range, 1 to 228 months) and the 5-year overall survival rate was 58.6%. Conclusions The prognosis of early stage of RMS in the female genital tract is good. While, the prognosis of advanced stage is poor. The standard treatment strategy is combination of surgery and chemotherapy,whether radiotherapy could improve the prognosis still need further study.

Objective To analyze the relationship between pulse wave velocity (PWV)in young and middle-aged normal body mass patients with mild -moderate hypertensive and risk factors of cardiovascular diseases,and to explore the main factors influencing large arterial elasticity.Methods PWV were measured by Complior (Colson, France).Systolic blood pressure (SBP)and diastolic blood pressure were measured and fasting blood glucose,blood lipid were tested at the same time.The results was analyzed by correlation and multiple regression method.Results (1)Patients with hypertension had statistically significant higher cfPWV than nonhypertensive cases(P <0.01).(2) Correlation analysis showed that the cfPWV were positively related to age,systolic pressure,diastolic pressure,pres-sure difference(r =0.401,0.467,0.289,0.278,P =0.001,0.000,0.020);Deleting the factors of age,abdomen circumference and BMI,the cfPWV was still positively related to systolic pressure,diastolic pressure and pressure differences(r =0.417,0.297,0.315,P =0.001,0.018,0.012).Multiple regression analysis showed that age,systol-ic pressure were mostly related to cfPWV(t =3.945,3.481,P =0.000,0.001).Conclusion Artery elastic function in young and middle aged people is obviously lower in patients with hypertension.cfPWV has strong positive relation with age and systolic pressure.

Objective To investigate the relationship between polymorphism of arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) and hair dye dermatitis in a Chinese population. Methods Polymorphism chain-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used and the wild-type allele (NAT2 * 4) and three mutant alleles (NAT2 * 5A, 6B and 7A) were determined in 60 patients with hair dye dermatitis and 73 age-matched control subjects in Tianjin region. Results In hair dye dermatitis cases, the frequency of NAT2 * 4, NAT2 * 5A, NAT2 * 6B, NAT2 * 7A was 52. 5 % , 5. 0 % ,26.7 % and 15. 8 %, respectively, and no statistically significant difference of the frequencies was found between the hair dye dermatitis patients and controls (P>0. 05). The frequency of rapid genotype, intermediate genotype and slow genotype was 26. 7 % , 51. 7 % and 21. 7 % in hair dye dermatitis cases, 30. 1 %, 50. 7 % and 19. 2 % in control subjects, respectively, and no statistically significant difference of the frequencies between the two groups (P>0. 05). Conclusions Our study suggests that there might be no relationship between polymorphism of NAT2 and genetic susceptibility to hair dye dermatitis in a Chinese population.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on renal functions during the anesthesia of renal transplantation.Methods Sixty patients (36 males, 24 females, aged 25-45 years, ASA physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ), were randomly divided into two groups (n=30 each).Patients in dexmedetomidine group received a loading dose of dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg within 10 min)and a continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine 0.6 μg·kg-1·h-1 until 30 min toward the end of surgery, while patients in control group received 0.9% sodium chloride injection to maintain equal capacity until 30 min before the end of surgery.Artery systolic blood pressure and heart rate were recorded before anesthesia induction (T1), before vascular anastomosis opening (T2), immediately after vascular anastomosis opening (T3), 30 min after vascular anastomosis opening (T4), after the surgery (T5), venous blood was collected in T2, T4, 24 h after surgery (T6) and 48 h after surgery (T7) to detect the blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr), IL-18 and Cystatin C (Cys C);fluid infusion and urine were recorded.Results Compared with control group, HR of dexmedetomidine group was reduced at T3, SBP of dexmedetomidine group was elevated at T2, T3(P<0.05).Compared with T2, Cys C, BUN, Cr of two groups decreased significantly at T6, T7, and Cys C of dexmedetomidine group was lower than that of control group (P<0.05).Compared with T2, IL-18 of the two groups reduced significantly at T6 and T7, and lowered amplitude in the dexmedetomidine group was greater than that in the control group (P<0.05).Perioperative urine volume in the dexmedetomidine group was more than that in the control group (P<0.05).There was no difference in perioperative fluid infusion between the two groups.Conclusion Perioperative continuous infusion of dexmedetomidine might effectively improve the renal function of renal transplantation patients.

Objective To investigate the difference of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness(RNFL)in opti-cal coherence tomography(OCT)under low and moderate signal strength. Methods Four hundred eyes of people aged 46~75 with clear fundus image,no obvious fundus diseases,and satisfactory optical coherence tomography were classified according to their ages and signal strength. The peripapillary and 4 quadrants of RNFL were detect-ed with OCT. Results In satisfactory OCT images ,the signal strength that reached 4/10 and 7/10 was 1.5% and 27% respectively. Under low and moderate signal strength ,the maximum thickness of RNFL was at the superior and inferior,and the minimum thickness of RNFL was at the nasal and temporal. There were no significant differ-ences in RNFL thickness under low or moderate signal strength. Conclusion RNFL results are reliable under low and moderate signal strength.

Hirudin as a novel anticoagulant and antithromotic agent, is a kind of protein that is obtained from the salivary gland secretion of one kind blood-sucking leech.It increases the difficulty extraction and purification of hirudin that composition of no anticoagulant activity of peseudo-hirudin in the body of leech and a large number of complex material from the salivary gland secretion of one kind blood-sucking leech.This article focuses on reviewing the structure of hirudin, genetic makeup, extraction and purification of hirudin according to the related research.Analysis of the pros and cons of various extraction and purification methods.Looking forward to its developing tendency, so as to provide reference for extraction and purification of Hirudin.

Objective To investigate the effects of cell proliferation and apoptasis on the develop-ment of gastric mucosal lesion in patients with primary pathological duodena-gastric reflux (DGR). Methods Gastroscopy, histologie examination of gastric mucosal biopsy and 24-hour intra-gastric bilirubin monitoring with Bilitec 2000 were performed in 58 patients with primary pathological DGR. Immunohisto-chemical staining was used to detect the expressions of Ki-67 and Bcl-2 proteins. Cell apoptosis in gastric mucesa was determined by TUNEL technique. Results The proliferating index (PI) and apoptosis index (AI) in patients with primary pathological DGR were significantly higher than those in control group (P< 0.05). The differences of PI and AI between high reflux group and low reflux group were significant (P< 0.05). The incidence difference of chronic superficial gastritis (CSG) and chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) in gastric antrum between the two groups was significant (P<0.05). With lesion progressing from normal gastric mucosa, CSG, CAG to intestinal metaplasia (IM), PI and AI increased gradually and consistently. PI was still on the rise after dysplasia (Dys), but AI decreased. The positive expression rate of Ki-67 in Dys were significantly higher than that of other groups (P<0.05), so was that of Bcl-2 (P<0.05). Conclusion Cell proliferation and apoptesis may be one aspect of the main pathogenesis of gastric mucesa lesion and cell dysplasia in patients with primary pathological DGR. Over-expreasion of Ki-67 and Bcl-2 proteins in CAG, IM and Dys may play a key role in the development of gastric cancer.

Objective To study the association among gastric mucosal lesions caused by primary pathological duodenogastric reflux(DGR),H.pylori infection,and bile reflux.Methods Twenty-four hour intragastric bilirubin monitoring were performed on 58 patients with primary pathological DGR.The patients were divided into high reflux group(n=29)and lOW reflux group(n=29)based on the severity of bile reflux(＜23.60%).The association among gastric mucosal lesions,H.pylori infection,and bile reflux were analyzed.Results The positive rate of H.pylori infection was 20.7% (6/29)in high reflux group and 48.3%(14/29)in low reflux group(P＜0.05).The frequency of intestinal metaplasia in gastric antrum and angularis in high reflux group was higher than that in low reflux group(P＜0.05).The pathological scores of gastric antrum and angularis in H.pylori positive group and high reflux group were higher than those in H.pylori negative group and low reflux group (P＜0.05).The time percentage of bilirubin absorbance≥0.25 in H.pylori positive group was lower than that in negative group(P＜0.05),while the difference in short reflux frequency,long reflux frequency,longest reflux time,maximum,mean and median value of absorbance between H.pylori positive and negative groups showed no significant difference(P＞0.05).The time percentage of bilirubin absorbance≥0.25 was positively correlated with pathological scores of gastric antrum and angularis in both H.pylori positive and negative groups(P＜0.05),but was not correlated with that of gastric body(P＞0.05).Conclusions In patients with primary pathological DGR,excessive bile reflux is related to chronic lesion of gastric mucosa.regardless of H.pylori infection.Bile reflux may inhibit H.pylori to locate in gastric mucosa.H.pylori infection and bile reflux may co-contribute to gastric mucosal lesions.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of thyroid nodules among residents of Ningbo City and to explore the risk factors for thyroid nodules.Methods Totally 3 596 residents aged 6-70 were selected by multistage stratified cluster random sampling in Ningbo City,2011.Thyroid ultrasound examination was performed in all participants,while salt iodine and urinary iodine were measured.Possible risk factors for thyroid nodules were analyzed by single factor and multi-factor logistic regression.Results The prevalence rate of thyroid nodules in residents of Ningbo City was 22.66％ (815/3 596),with standardized prevalence rate of 17.69％.Female [(odds ratio (OR) =2.06,95％ confidence interval (CI) =1.74-2.43],groups of aged 18-(OR =3.42,95％ CI =1.22-9.61),aged 40-(OR =13.06,95％ CI =4.80-35.51),aged 65-(OR =16.67,95％ CI =5.97-46.54) and occasional consumption of seafood habits (less than twice per week,OR =1.23,95％ CI =1.02-1.49) were significant associated with thyroid nodules.Conclusions There is no link Letween iodine nutrition and thyroid nodules.It is demonstrated that female and aged ≥ 18 groups have higher risk of thyroid nodules; frequent consumption of seafood seems to be a protective factor.

Objective To investigate the iodine nutritional status,thyroid function and the prevalence of thyroid nodules of residents using non-iodized salt in Ningbo City,Zhejiang Province.Methods In 2011,using typical sampling method,6 villages/communities consumption of non-iodized salt were selected as study fields and residents aged 6-70 were selected as study subjects in Ningbo.Urinary iodine detection,thyroid ultrasound examination and tests of thyroid function [free triiodothyronine (FT3),free thyroxine (FT4),thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH),thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb)] were performed in all participants.Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was determined by arsenic cerium catalytic spectrophotometry,and thyroid function was monitored by chemiluminescence method.Results A total of 1 177 residents agreed to participate in the study,482 were male,and 695 were female (including 2 pregnant women).The participants' mean age was (48.54 ± 13.98) years.The median UIC in all participants was 90.36 μg/L,and the proportions with a UIC ＜ 100μg/L was 56.07％ (660/1 177).Furthermore,the median UIC in male was 97.05 μg/L and in female was 83.84 μg/L,there was a significant difference in UICs between male and female (Z =-2.99,P ＜ 0.05).Similarly,significant difference in UICs was observed among age groups (x2 =99.34,P ＜ 0.01).Among the participants,19.88％ had thyroid nodules,with standardized prevalence rate of 13.95％.Furthermore,in male,11.83％ had thyroid nodules,with standardized prevalence rate of 8.11％,and in female was 25.47％,with standardized prevalence rate of 19.83％,there was a significant difference in the detection rate of thyroid nodules between male and female (x2 =33.25,P ＜ 0.01).Likewise,significant difference in the detection rate of thyroid nodules was observed among age groups (x2=49.65,P＜ 0.01),and there was a positive and significant correlation between the detection rate of thyroid nodules and increasing age (x2trend =44.22,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The residents who using non-iodized salt in Ningbo City are in the status of iodine deficiency.The detection rate of thyroid nodules is higher in female than in male and it has increased with age.