AIM: To study the relationship between serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) and sex hormones as well as PSA change with aging and volume of prostate. METHODS: Volume of prostate was measured by supersonic diagnostic set. Serum PSA content was determined by ELISA. Serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) contents were measured by radioimmunoassay. The relationship between volume of prostate, PSA , sex hormones and PSA with aging was analyzed. RESULTS: (1) Serum PSA increased with aging. (2) Declined serum levels of testosterone with aging were detected. Serum LH contents increased with aging. (3) PSA and LH contents were positively correlated with aging and volume of prostate. (4) The testosterone levels were negatively correlated with the volume of prostate (r=-0.45,P

Objective To study the effect of estrogen on cardiac injury and cardiomyocyte apoptosis of rat induced by isoprotere-nol by modeling cardiac inj ury induced by bilateral ovariectomized (OVX)and isoproterenol (ISO).Methods Fifty female SD rats with bilateral ovariectomy and sham operation (Sham)were randomly divided into 5 groups:sham operation group (Sham group), bilateral ovariectomy group (OVX group),cardiac injury group (OVX+ISO+Vehi group),low dose estrogen treatment group (OVX+ISO+E2 a group,4μg·kg-1 ·d-1 ),high dose estrogen treatment group (OVX+ISO+E2 b group,40μg·kg-1 ·d-1 ). these status were separately measured:rats′general features,hemodynamics parameters monitored of carotid artery,morphological observation and cardiomyocyte contraction change of single-cardiomyocyte separate cultured,cardiomyocyte apoptosis protein ex-pression were detected by immunoblotting.Results ISO significantly reduced myocardial pump function,increased hypertrophy and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes,reduced contractility of single cardiomyocytes (P<0.05).High-dose estrogen (40μg·kg-1 ·d-1 ) replacement therapy significantly improved ISO induced cardio inj ury and cardio functions decreasing,also inhibited Bax expression and caspas-3 activation and decreased myocardial hypertrophy and cardiomyocytes apoptosis through increasing Bcl-2 expression (P<0.05),significantly.while low dose estrogen (4μg·kg-1 ·d-1 )treatment showed marginally protection effects on ISO in-duced cardio inj ury with no statisticly significance.Conclusion Appropriate dose estrogen replacement therapy can decrease cardio-myocyte apoptosis,improve cardiomyocytes contractility,so as to protect ISO-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

Resveratrol has several neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia, including reductions of oxidative stress, inflammatory responses and apoptosis. Recent studies have shown that these neuroprotective effects of resveratrol may be involved in activation of silent information regulator 1.

Cerebral edema and hemorrhagic transformation(HT) are the common complications of ischemic stroke. Ischemic cerebral edema is the primary cause of death in patients w ith large infarction. The sulfonylurea receptor 1 (Sur1) transient receptor potential M4 (Trpm4) channel plays an important role in focal cerebral ischemia. Both animal experiment and clinical studies have show n that the Sur1 selective inhibitor glibenclamide provides neuroprotection for ischemic stroke, including infarct volume reduction and improvement of neurological function, especial y in attenuating cerebral edema and reducing the incidence of HT. This article review s the advances in research on glibenclamide for the prevention of cerebral edema and HT in patients w ith ischemic stroke.

pH-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) are currently under intense development as carriers of drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. Of these NPs, those that are designed to target the slightly acidic extracellular pH environment (pHe~6.8) of solid tu-mors offer a new paradigm of tumor-targeted drug delivery. Compared with conventional, specific, surface-targeting approaches, the pHe-targeting strategy is considered to be more general because of the common occurrence of an acidic microenvironment in solid tu-mors. This review mainly focuses on the design and applications of pHe-activated NPs, particularly on pHe-activated surface-charge re-versal NPs, for drug and siRNA delivery to tumors. The novel development of NPs described in this review has high potential for achieving stronger therapeutic effects in cancer treatment.

Objective To Compare the postoperative recovery of continence after 3D and 2D laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.Methods A retrospective analysis of 72 patients underwent radical prostatectomy in our department from January 2013 to December 2015,including 38 cases underwent 3D laparoscopic radical prostatectomy,3D group's mean age was (64.2 ± 6.0)years,mean of preoperative PSA was (14.5±7.6)ng/ml,Gleason score (13 cases≤6,17 cases =7,8 cases ≥8),the mean prostate volume (41.4 ±9.1) ml,the classification of clinical stage in 3D group included 2 cases in cT1,26 cases in cT2,9 cases in cT3a,1 cases in cT3b,mean body mass index was (22.8 ± 2.2) kg/m2,mean of MUL (membranous urethral length) was (15.6 ±2.6) mm;34 cases in the 2D group,3D group's mean age was (61.9 ±6.6)years,mean of preoperative PSA was (16.7 ±6.8) ng/ml,Gleason score (10 cases≤6,18 cases =7,6 cases ≥8),the mean prostate volume (42.1 ± 10.6) ml,the classification of clinical stage in 3D group included 1 cases in cT1,28 cases in cT2,5 cases in cT3a,mean body mass index was (21.7 ± 1.9) kg/m2,mean of MUL(membranous urethral length) was (15.5 ± 2.5) mm.All patients got a good function of micturition and urinary continence before the surgery.We compared surgical time,bladder neckurethral anastomosis time and blood loss in two groups.Membranous urethral length(MUL) were measured on preoperative and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Postoperative continence rate was analyzed at 2 weeks,4 weeks,8 weeks,12 weeks,24 weeks and 36 weeks after the remove of the catheter.Results All the operations were completed successfully by the same surgeon and none was transferred to open surgery.The age,PSA value,Gleason score,prostate volume,TNM stage,BMI (body mass index)and other relevant aspects of the clinical data showed no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The time of bladder neck-urethral anastomosis is less than the 2D group [(12.9 ± 1.7) min and (15.7 ±2.6) min,P =0.021],MUL loss in the 3D laparoscopic surgery group is less than that of 2D laparoscopic [(0.5 ±0.1) ml vs.(0.6±0.2) ml,P =0.044],the two groups in operative time [(162.7 ± 17.1) min vs.(175.7 ± 15.7) min,P =0.802],intraoperative blood loss[(191.1 ± 31.6) ml vs.(211.8 ±43.2) ml,P =0.021],intraoperative blood transfusion rate [5.2％ (2/38) vs.8.8％ (3/34),P =0.662],postoperative incidence of urine leakage [7.9％ (3/38) vs.14.7％ (5/34),P =0.463],postoperative the MUL [(15.1 ± 2.6) mm vs.(15.0 ± 2.6) mm,P =0.767),there was no statistically significant differen.All patients were followed up for urinary function at least 36 months.The continence rate between two groups at 8 weeks (60.5％ vs.35.3％),12 weeks (73.7％ vs.47.1％) got significantly difference.Conclusions Compared with 2D laparoscopic,3D laparoscopic may help early postoperative recovery of urinary continence after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy.

Orthostatic hypotension(OH)is a fall blood pressure after an upright position.OH commonly occurs in persons with high level spinal cord injury(SCI),limiting exercise and rehabilitation.But to date,the reasons of OH following spinal cord injury are not very clear.It is reviewed in this article which mainly included:possible reasons of OH after spinal cord injury;typical symptoms,measurements and diagnoses;treatments and prevention.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between th e expression of E-cadherin (E-CD) and differentiation, macroscopic features, l ymph node metastasis, and Dukes stages of colorectal carcinoma (CC). Me thods Frozen storage samples of 31 cases of CC and adjacent normal c olon mucous membrane epithelium were examined for E-CD expression by S-P immun ohistochemistry. Results High expression of E-CD was detec ted in normal colorectal mucous membrane epithelium (100%) while E-CD expressio n was lower (77.4%) in the tumor samples. E-CD expression was closely associate d with the differentiations,macroscopic features and lymph node metastasis, resp ectively ( P 0.05). Conclusion The examination of E -CD expression can be used as a valuable index to evaluate the biological behav ior and prognosis of colorectal carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the anatomical and histological features of the rat endolymphatic sac. Methods The temporal bones of the healthy,adult SD rats were removed.The morphology of the endolymphatic sac were studied.Then the decalcified samples were embeded in paraffin.The sections of the endolymphatic sac were stained with HE method and observed histologically,and then examined immunohistochemically by monoclonal antibodies against IgG,CD 3 of the rat to investigate the immunocompetent cells in endolymphatic sac of the rats. Results Simple cuboidal and squamous epithelium were the main types of the epithelium in rat endolymphatic sac CD + 3,IgG + immunoreactive lymphocytes were found mainly in the epithelium of the endolymphatic sac.Conclusion\ The morphology of the rat endolymphatic sac is similar to those of human and guinea pig endolymphatic sacs.Some immunocompetent cells were found in the endolymphatic sac,suggesting that the endolymphatic sac plays an important role in immune of inner ear.\;[

After spinal cord injury (SCI), the male reproductive functions are often seriously impaired, including dysfunction of erection, ejaculation, and abnormality of sperm qualities. With the advance of medicine, nowaday most men with SCI can finish erection, ejaculation and assisted reproduction. This article reviewed the reproductive dysfunctions in men with SCI, and discussed the relevant aspects.