Objective To determine the changes of blood cytokines values and inductions of cytokines expressions after CPB and cardiac valve replacement. Methods Thirty patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement were randomly selected, The plasma cytokines levels or activities and inductions of cytokine expressions were measured before CPB, 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th d after operation.Results Compared with the baselines, IL 1 activity and souluble interleukin 2 receptor(SIL 2R) level increased on the 1st, 3rd d , then decreased significantly on the 7th d, plasma IL 8 level increased in 14 d after CPB, but IL 2 activity decreased during 7 d postoperatively(P0.05); induction of IL 1 expression increased significantly on the 1st d and decreased on the 3rd d (P

Functional electrical stimulation(FES) offers a vast potential for partial restoration of parlayzed movements. In practice,understanding on the underlying mechanism and limitations of electrical activation of nerve is essential to guide a successful deployment of FES technology to clinical utilization. Thisthree part article will review the basic concepts,system design and applications of FES. In part I,conceptssuch as activation threshold,recruitment order are discussed. Part Ⅱ introduces stimulation waveforme,safeparameters and tissue damage,as well as the design principle of stimulators for use with percutaneous electrodes. Part Ⅲ outlines clinical applications of FES,in particular,for restoration of hand grasp function forC5/C6 patients.

Functional electrical stimulation(FES) offers a vast potential for partial restoration of parlayzed movements. This three part article will review the basic concepts,system design and applications of FES. In part I,concepts such as activation threshold, recruitment order are discussed. Part Ⅱ introduces stimulation waveforme,safe parameters and tissue damage,as well as the design principle of stimulators for use with percutaneous electrodes. Part Ⅲ outlines clinical applications of FES,in particular,for restoration of hand grasp function for C5/C6 patients.

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for the determination of 5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavan in Daemrnonorops draco by HPLC.

METHODDikma Diamonsil C15 column(4. 6 mm x 150 mm, 5 microm) was used. The mobile phase consisted of (60:40). The temperature of column was 30 degrees C. The flow rate was 1:0 mL x min(-1) and the detection wavelength was at 210 nm.

RESULTThe calibration curve was in good linearity with in the range from 0.01 to 0.10 microg (r = 0.9999). The average recovery was 100.1% (n=6).

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple, rapid, as well as precise and reliable, and can be used for the determination of 5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavan in D. draco.

Arecaceae ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Flavanones ; analysis ; Plant Extracts ; analysis