Objective To explore the normal range of serum uric acid in quails.Method The data were collect-ed from male and female quails of different strains in 11 experiments, and analyzed by the way of medical reference value. Result The mean value of serum uric acid of male Difake strain quails was (221.06 ±79.59)μmol/L,and the normal range was (87.32 to 382.34)μmol/L.The mean value of serum uric acid of female Difake strain quails was (189.85 ± 68.58)μmol/L, and the normal range was ( 72.72 to 369.73 )μmol/L.The mean value of serum uric acid of male Longcheng strain quails was (217.22 ±72.91)μmol/L,and the normal range was (82.92 to 360.24)μmol/L.The mean value of serum uric acid of female Longcheng strain quails was ( 197.27 ±66.84 )μmol/L, and the normal range was (95.36 to 348.73)μmol/L.The serum uric acid value of female quails was significantly lower than that of male quails. There was no significant difference in the value of serum uric acid between female and male quails from each day-age groups.Conclusions This study has established the normal ranges for serum uric acid in quails of different strains and genders.

Objective To investigate the significance of urine neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL ) and renal injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in predicting the acute kidney injury (AKI) in children with congenital heart disease after operation .Methods From April 2014 to December 2015 ,67 cases of cardiopulmonary bypass in children with congenital heart disease were studied in our hospital ,all patients were divided into AKI group (n=24) and non AKI group (n=43) by pRIFLE standard .Serum creatinine , urine NGAL and urine KIM-1 levels were compared between the two groups before and after the operation ,the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the value of NGAL and KIM-1 in pre-dicting the postoperative AKI in children with congenital heart disease .Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in preoperative and postoperative 2 h and 4 h creatinine (P>0 .05) ,but the levels of postoperative 12 ,24 ,48 h creati-nine in the non AKI group were significantly lower than those in the AKI group (P<0 .05) .The NGAL level of postoperative 2 ,4 , 6 ,12 h in non AKI group was significantly lower than that in AKI group (P<0 .05) ,but there was no significant difference in the level of postoperative 24 h urine NGAL between the two groups (P>0 .05) .There was no significant difference between the two groups of patients with postoperative 2 h urinary KIM-1 (P>0 .05) ,postoperative 4 ,6 ,12 ,24 h urinary KIM-1 levels in the non AKI group were significantly lower than those in the AKI group (P<0 .05) .The optimal time point separate detection of urinary NGAL levels to assist in diagnosis of AKI after 12 h ,AUC was 0 .834 (95% CI:0 .631-0 .912);the best time point separately to detect the level of KIM-1 AKI to assist in the diagnosis of AKI after 24 h ,AUC was 0 .871 (95% CI:0 .665-0 .933);combined de-tection of urinary NGAL and KIM-1 levels to assist the best time for the diagnosis of AKI after 24 h ,AUC was 0 .913(95% CI:0 .745-0 .968) .Conclusion Urine NGAL and urine KIM-1 in children with congenital heart disease after operation have important clinical significance in predicting the occurrence of AKI .

Activating humoral and cellular immunity in lymph nodes (LNs) of nanoparticle-based vaccines is critical to controlling tumors. However, how the physical properties of nanovaccine carriers orchestrate antigen capture, lymphatic delivery, antigen presentation and immune response in LNs is largely unclear. Here, we manufactured gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with the same size but different shapes (cages, rods, and stars), and loaded tumor antigen as nanovaccines to explore their disparate characters on above four areas. Results revealed that star-shaped AuNPs captured and retained more repetitive antigen epitopes. On lymphatic delivery, both rods and star-shaped nanovaccines mainly drain into the LN follicles region while cage-shaped showed stronger paracortex retention. A surprising finding is that the star-shaped nanovaccines elicited potent humoral immunity, which is mediated by CD4⁺ T helper cell and follicle B cell cooperation significantly preventing tumor growth in the prophylactic study. Interestingly, cage-shaped nanovaccines preferentially presented peptide-MHC I complexes to evoke robust CD8⁺ T cell immunity and showed the strongest therapeutic efficacy when combined with the PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor in established tumor study. These results highlight the importance of nanoparticle shape on antigen delivery and presentation for immune response in LNs, and our findings support the notion that different design strategies are required for prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines.

Objective: This study was devoted to identifying natural thrombin inhibitors from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and evaluating its biological activity in vitro and binding characteristics. Methods: A combination strategy containing molecular docking, thrombin inhibition assay, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and molecular dynamics simulation were applied to verify the study result. Results: Gallic acid was confirmed as a direct thrombin inhibitor with IC