NaCl.Glycerol and trehalose were the most prominent compatible solutes in C.krusei.The glycerol production was enhanced with the osmotica concentration increasing and NaCl,KCl were much effective than manntiol.The glycerol concentration was increased 74%,63%,57% and the intracellular glycerol was 3.1,2.4,1.8 fold to the control respectively when 0.6mol/L NaCl,KCl and mannitol existed.During the early stage of fermentation,the trehalose all decreased compared with the control.However,the trehalose content was higher than the control in the late stage of fermentation when 0.6mol/L KCl and mannitol existed.The trehalose content was 1.6 and 1.4 fold to that of control respectively.

Objective: To understand the overall situation and problems of the human resources in community medical institutions in Heilongjiang, put forward relevant measurement and suggestions, hoping to provide references for departments of the government designing human resources policies in community medical institutions in Heilongjiang. Methods: Through consulting some related literature information, to recognize the related policies and development situation of community health human resources in Heilongjiang and other places in China. Using Excell2003 to set up the database and analyze. Results:The community health service system has been established in Heilongjiang, but it lacks of human resources planning; the community health human resource configuration is not reasonable; and the existing community health persons’ training demand is higher. Conclusion: Community health service institutions in Heilongjiang should strengthen the government leadership, designed relevant policies, adjust and optimize the structure, speed up the training of the current staff and attract the talents.

Hospital medical ethics is the basis of survival,and an important part of management in modern hospitals.Through the implementation of humanistic services,regulated medical behaviors,expeditious communication channels,and satisfying service for patients with all efforts,can modern hospitals establish a good image for themselves and gain fine reputation from patients.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the interactions between tetracyclines(oxytetracycline,methacycline,tetracydine,and doxycycline)and human serum albumin(HSA).METHODS:The binding constants and the number of biding sites of tetracyclines with human serum albumin(HSA)at various temperatures were studied by using UV-visible absorption spectrum and spectrofluorimetry,and the enthalpy change(?H)entropy change(?S)were computed.According to the Frster nonradiative energy transfer theory,the critical distances R0 between donators and acceptors were derived.RESULTS:The thermodynamic parameters were as follows:?H0;R0:oxytetracycline:(1.82 nm),and methacycline(2.31 nm),tetracydine(2.98 nm),doxycycline(2.26 nm).CONCLUSION:Tetracyclines can all cause HSA's fluorescence quenching.The quenching mechanism is static quenching.The main acting force between them is electrostatic attraction.

OBJECTIVE: To study the reaction yield of SC-mPEG with bovine hemoglobin(BHB) under different conditions so as to establish a method for the analysis of the SC-mPEG-BHB mixtures.METHODS: The product was analyzed with the methods of SDS-PAGE,GPC,CE,TNBS,etc.The optimal reaction system for SC-mPEG with BHB was established based on the effects of different factors on SC-mPEG-modified BHB.RESULTS: The optimum reaction conditions for SC-mPEG with BHB were established as follows: SC-mPEG and BHB were mixed at an optimal ratio of 60∶1 and the reaction was lasted for 2 h in(pH9 and 4 ℃) buffer solution.CONCLUSIONS: This study established a foundation for the following study of red blood cell substitutes.

OBJECTIVE: Researching the appropriate methods to separation,purification and detection the mixture of PEG modifier SC-mPEG with BHB.METHODS: Adopting cation-exchange chromatography and organic solvent precipitation to separate the mixture,then detecting it by SDS-PAGE and TNBS methods.RESULTS: Modifer and non-modifer product were separation by cation-exchange chromatography.The average modification rates of two peak product from cation-exchange chromatography are 52.95% and 14.19% detected by TNBS methods.CONCLUSIONS: Cation-exchange chromatography methods could be to separate and purify the SC-mPEG-BHB,TNBS methods coule be to detect the average modification rate of the SC-mPEG-BHB.

Objective To investigate the significance of detecting the level of CRP,TNF-α,IL-6 and IGF-1 in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).Methods Sixty patients with T2DM in the Pingliang Municipal People′s Hospital from February 2013 to March 2015 were selected as the observation group And contemporaneous 60 individuals undergoing healthy physical exami-nation were selected as the control group.The levels of FBG,2 hBG,FINS,HbA1c,CRP,TNF-α,IL-6 and IGF-1 were detected in these two groups.The correlation between CRP,TNF-α,IL-6 and IGF-1 with FBG,FINS and HbA1c were analyzed.Results The levels of FBG,2 hBG and HbA1c in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The FINS level in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group,the difference has statistically significant (P<0.05).The levels of CRP,TNF-α,IL-6 and IGF-1 in the observation group were (8.46±2.45)mg/L,(18.56±4.23)ng/L,(13.53±3.24)pg/L and (125.33±23.14)ng/L respectively,which were signifi-cantly higher than (3.23±1.02)mg/L,(11.25±3.01)ng/L,(7.24±1.78)pg/L and (98.45±18.56)ng/L in the control group, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).CRP,TNF-αand IL-6 were positively correlated with FBG,FINS and HbA1c;IGF-1 was negatively correlated with FBG and HbA1c.Conclusion Detecting the CRP,TNF-α,IL-6 and IGF-1 levels can provide a basis for the diagnosis of T2DM and thinking for its treatment.

Objective To investigate the intervention effect of Qingxin-Ⅱ Recipe on myocardial cell apoptosis and its fibrosis in viral myocarditis mice and its mechanism.Methods A total of 120 Balb/c mice were randomly divided into the model group (n=50),the treatment group (n=50) and the control group (n =20).Mice in the model and treatment groups were given intraperitoneal injection of CVB3 to establish the experimental model of viral myocarditis.The control and model groups were treated with normal saline and water by intragastric administration respectively and the treatment group was given Qingxin-Ⅱ Recipe.The expression level of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB),tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),collagen type Ⅰ-A1 (COL1-A1),collagen type Ⅲ-A1 (COL3-A1),matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9),tissue inhibitor of metallproteinase-1 (TIMP-1),myocardial interstitial collagen volume fraction (CVF) and apoptosis rate (Rapo) were assessed after treatment.Results The levels of NF-κB,TNF-α,IL-1 in cardiomyocytes,serum levels of COL1-A1,MMP-9,TIMP-1,the mRNA expression levels of COL1-A1,COL3-A1,MMP-9,TIMP-1 in cardiomyocytes,CVF and Rapo were lower in the treatment and control groups than in the model group (F=21.541,12.146,32.583,4.212,6.863,4.868,9.089,8.662,7.307,6.646,4.324,41.237,respectively,all P＜0.05).No significant differences in the levels of NF-κB,TNF-α,IL-1 of cardiomyocytes,in serum levels of COL1-A1,TIMP-1 and in mRNA expression levels of COL1-A1,COL3-A1,MMP-9,TIMP-1 of cardiomyocytes between the control group and the treatment group (all P＞0.05) were found,but serum MMP-9 level was higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P =0.033).Conclusions Qingxin-Ⅱ Recipe can effectively reduce inflammatory cytokines levels,protect myocardial cells from inflammatory damages and inhibit myocardial fibrosis in viral myocarditis.

Objective To examine the status of and factors influencing medical students' mental health.Methods The China undergraduates' mental health scale and an information questionnaire developed by the authors were administered on 1 205 students selected from Grade 1-3 in chnical medicine,anesthesia,and medical diagnostic programs using cluster sampling.Results The level of medical students' somatization,a~nxiety,depression,social withdrawal,irritabihty,and obsession was higher as compared to the norms for general undergraduates in China.Female medical students showed higher scores than males on 4 aspects:somatization,anxiety,depression,and obsession.Additionally,those belonging to minority nationalities showed higher scores on social withdrawal,irritability,and impulse as compared to those with the Han nationality.Further,students with low professional identity had higher scores on somatization,anxiety,depression,inferiority,irritability,and social withdrawal as compared to those with high professional identity.Conclusion Medical students' mental health is not optimal;therefore,it needs to be addressed by educational departments and educational works.Thus,mental health education,professional counseling,and appropriate interventions need to be conducted for medical students.

The hospital culture constrction should stick to a human-orientedconcept ,and aim to provide humanitarian brand services.Hospitals should create a favorable hospitalizing condition,and foster a standard treatment,which embodies the feathers of the present time while bearing its own characteristics .It should focus on the in-depth cultural constrction and try to carry out cultural management of the hospital,the leaders of the hospital play a critical role in the cultural constrction