Objective To explore the treatment opportunity of mechanical ventilation for acute severe organophosphorus pesticide poisoning patients with respiratory failure.Methods According to the different indications of mechanical ventilation,115 acute severe organophosphorus pesticide poisoning patients with respiratory failure were divided into the observation group A (40 cases),the observation group B(38 cases)and the control group(37 cases).The cure rate,aspiration pneumonia incidence,duration of mechanical ventilation,length of hospital stay of the three groups were analyzed.Results The cure rate of the observation group A(97.5％) was significantly higher than that of the control group(83.4％)and the observation group B (92.1％) (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01) ;The aspiration pneumonia of the observation group(2 cases) was significantly less than that of the control group(8 cases)(P ＜ 0.05) ;The hospitalization time [(4.46 ± 0.51) d,(7.11 ± 0.83) d] and the duration of mechanical ventilation [(55.40 ± 5.24)h,(79.47 ± 2.44) h] of the observation group A and the observation group B were significantly shorter than those of the control group [(10.40 ± 1.12) d,(100.30 ± 2.15) h] (all P ＜ 0.01) ; The hospitalization time and the duration of mechanical ventilation of the observation group A [(4.46 ± 0.51) d,(55.40 ± 5.24) h] were significantly shorter than those of the observation group B [(7.11 ± 0.83)d,(79.47 ± 2.44)h] (all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Respiratory rate ≥30 times/min and ＜ 34 times/min or ≤ 10 times/min,or spontaneous breathing weakened,and blood gas analysis prompted hypoxemia(60 mm Hg ＜ PaO2 ≤ 70 mm Hg)is best opportunity of mechanical ventilation for acute severe organophosphorus pesticide poisoning patients with respiratory failure.

BACKGROUND: The soft tissues would shrink with nasal framework collapse following surgical trauma, which cause aseptic inflammation, lead to parts of cartilage resorption. Accordingly, long-term saddle nose deformity usually accompanied by short nasal columella. Complications such as skin perforation or ulceration would appear if corrected the deformity using medical silicone rubber with large tension.OBJECTIVE: To explore the effectiveness of repairing post-traumatic saddle nose deformity with autologous costal cartilage transplantation.METHODS: A total of 21 cases with post-traumatic saddle nose deformity accompanied by short nasal columella were selected, including 6 males and 15 females, aged 16 45 years. All of the cases had trauma history and agreed with the treatment. The costal cartilage was obtained from the seventh rib and formed to babylon weeping willow leaf shape and columella nasi stent to repair post-traumatic saddle nose deformity. The "V-Y" progradation suture was used in the philtrum introcession and the botton of nasal columella to extend the nasal columella. The recovery of saddle nose deformity after transplantation, discharge of transplanted cartilage, as well as the incision scar status was observed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results were satisfactory and there were no complications after transplantation. All the cases were followed up from 6 months to 2 years. No case suffered costal cartilage grafts discharge or chondral deformation. The scar was little at the bottom of nasal columella. It is an ideal method for repairing post-traumatic saddle nose deformity using transplantation of autologous costal cartilage with "V-Y" progradation suture.

BACKGROUND: Compared with normal physiological flap, main advantage of venous skin flap is that it throws off the limitation of arterial vascular territory on donor site and recipient site of traditional axial skin flap. However, its survival rate is unstable. OBJECTIVE: To explore effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-poly(lactic-co-glycolic-acid)] (PLGA)-sustained release microspheres on the survival of rabbit venous flaps.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A randomized controlled animal study was performed at the University of South China from May to October 2008.MATERIALS: A total of 24 healthy New Zealand rabbits were equally randomly assigned to bFGF-PLGA sustained release microsphere, blank microsphere and blank control groups.METHODS: The formulation of bFGF microspheres was optimized by orthogonal design. bFGF-PLGA microspheres were prepared by optimized method. Lateral abdominal wall skin flap was created in rabbits from 3 groups. Five days before operation, 28.85 g/L bFGF-PLGA microspheres 3 mL (containing bFGF 20 μg) was intradermally injected into rabbits from the bFGF-PLGA sustained release microsphere group. An equal volume of blank microsphere + bFGF was injected in the rabbits of the blank microsphere group. Rabbits from the blank control group were infused with the same volume of saline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphology and particle distribution of bFGF-PLGA microspheres, drug loading volume, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro drug release characteristics were measured. After seven days, the survival area of skin was determined. Rabbit skin samples received CD34~+ immunohistochemical staining to detect the expression of CD34~+ and average number of blood vessels. RESULTS: The bFGF microsphere prepared based on optimized formulation exhibited well-defined properties, with the even and uniform sphere in appearance, regular particles without adhesion, about 98% of particles with a size distribution between 12.50 to 43.49 μm, with a mean particle size of 26.93μm and size span of (0.611 ± 6.60). The drug loading volume and encapsulation efficiency of bFGF microsphere reached [(23.11 ±0.44 )x10~3]% and (86.51±0.83)%, respectively. In the burst release phase, the rate of in vitro drug release amounted to 27.78%, but rose to 81.56% accumulatively 30 days later. The in vitro drug release of bFGF microsphere corresponded with Higuichi equation (r= 0.997). The sustained-release microspheres, blank microspheres and normal saline group, the average survival of the flap and the average number of blood vessels were similar (P=0.597, P=0.336), but still significantly lower than the bFGF-PLGA sustained release microsphere group (P=0.000). Results of immunohistochemical staining revealed that bFGF-PLGA promoted blood supple between flap and surroundings, improved flap survival and abundant CD34~+ expression. CONCLUSION: bFGF microsphere with good morphology, high drug loading volume and encapsulation efficiency can be obtained using W/O/W multiple emulsion evaporation method. The bFGF microsphere can promote the survival of rabbit venous flaps through a long period due to sustained release of bFGF.

The article is to study the status of academic communications,providing useful exploration to enhance the scientific research ability of postgraduate students.In the base of summing up the forms of the internal and external multi-level academic communications,we point out varies of problems existing inall levels.The level and publicity of some academic communications are poor; the postgraduate students' participation is not powerful enough; the guide form supervisors and graduate management are in shortage. These factors are restricting the role of academic communications in training postgraduate's research ability.Therefore,we should take some appropriate improvements.The effect of academic communications in training graduate students' research ability should be enhanced via improvements at various aspects.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of combination of autologous tissue reconstruction of tarsal plate with temporal flap on repair of full-thickness lower eyelid defect.Methods:Eleven patients (11 eyes) underwent hard palate mucosa or ear cartilage combined the emporal flap with the orbicularis oculi muscle to repair full-thickness defect ofpalpebra inferior.Of the 11 patients,6 had more than 75％ eyelid defect area,and 5 had more than 50％ eyelid defect area.Results:All 11 eyes closed completely,with no entropion or ectropion,and returned to normal basically.Postoperative follow-up was performed for 6 months to 5 years,3 years and 4 months on average.The function and form of eyelid remained stable.Infection,leakage or contracture was not found on reconstruction tarsus.Conclusion:Reconstruction of eyelid with autogenous hard palate mucosa or ear cartilage combined the emporal flap with the orbicularis oculi muscle is a simple,convenient and effective method.

Objective To clone and study the antimicrobial-resistant gene in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.Methods The gene library,which contains the differential genes of antimicrobial resistant strains and stan-dard reference strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae,was constructed using a technique known as suppression subtractive hybridization(SSH).Then the antimicrobial resistance associated genes were cloned and ana-lyzed.Results Subtractive gene library in antimicrobial-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae was successfully constructed,which contains2500positive clones.Sequence analysis was performed on5clones.The se-quences of these five clones were unknown previously.Conclusions The subtractive DNA library is succes-sively constructed which may provide an important clue for studying the mechanism of antimicrobial resis-tance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

BACKGROUND:Compared with normal physiological flap,main advantage of venous skin flap is that it throws off the limitation of arterial vascular territory on donor site and recipient site of traditional axial skin flap.However,its survival rate is unstable.OBJECTIVE:To explore effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-[poly(lactic-co-glycolic-acid)] (PLGA)-sustained release microspheres on the survival of rabbit venous flaps.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized controlled animal study was performed at the University of South China from May to October 2008.MATERIALS:A total of 24 healthy New Zealand rabbits were equally randomly assigned to bFGF-PLGA sustained release microsphere,blank microsphere and blank control groups.METHODS:The formulation of bFGF microspheres was optimized by orthogonal design.bFGF-PLGA microspheres were prepared by optimized method.Lateral abdominal wall skin flap was created in rabbits from 3 groups.Five days before operation,28.85 g/L bFGF-PLGA microspheres 3 mL (containing bFGF 20 ?g) was intradermally injected into rabbits from the bFGF-PLGA sustained release microsphere group.An equal volume of blank microsphere + bFGF was injected in the rabbits of the blank microsphere group.Rabbits from the blank control group were infused with the same volume of saline.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Morphology and particle distribution of bFGF-PLGA microspheres,drug loading volume,encapsulation efficiency,in vitro drug release characteristics were measured.After seven days,the survival area of skin was determined.Rabbit skin samples received CD34+ immunohistochemical staining to detect the expression of CD34+ and average number of blood vessels.RESULTS:The bFGF microsphere prepared based on optimized formulation exhibited well-defined properties,with the even and uniform sphere in appearance,regular particles without adhesion,about 98% of particles with a size distribution between 12.50 to 43.49 ?m,with a mean particle size of 26.93 ?m and size span of (0.611 ? 6.60).The drug loading volume and encapsulation efficiency of bFGF microsphere reached [(23.11?0.44)?10-3]% and (86.51?0.83)%,respectively.In the burst release phase,the rate of in vitro drug release amounted to 27.78%,but rose to 81.56% accumulatively 30 days later.The in vitro drug release of bFGF microsphere corresponded with Higuichi equation (r=0.997).The sustained-release microspheres,blank microspheres and normal saline group,the average survival of the flap and the average number of blood vessels were similar (P=0.597,P=0.336),but still significantly lower than the bFGF-PLGA sustained release microsphere group (P=0.000).Results of immunohistochemical staining revealed that bFGF-PLGA promoted blood supple between flap and surroundings,improved flap survival and abundant CD34+ expression.CONCLUSION:bFGF microsphere with good morphology,high drug loading volume and encapsulation efficiency can be obtained using W/O/W multiple emulsion evaporation method.The bFGF microsphere can promote the survival of rabbit venous flaps through a long period due to sustained release of bFGF.

Objective To observe the effect of sling exercise therapy (SET) on rehabilitation after knee arthroplasty. Methods 46 patients after knee arthroplasty were randomly divided into experimental group (n=23) and control group (n=23). The control group received continuous passive motion (CPM) training, while the experimental group received SET. They were evaluated with range of motion (ROM) of the knee, Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score (HSS) and posture control ability before, 15 days and 3 months after operation. Results 15 days after operation, the maximal passive knee flexion was 6.0° more in the SET group than in the CMP group (95%CI=0.9°~11.2°; P<0.01), and the maximal active knee flexion was 5.7° more in the SET group than in the CMP group (95%CI=0.4°~9.1°; P<0.01); however, there was no significant difference in the maximal active knee extension, the maximal passive knee extension, HSS and posture control ability between 2 groups (P>0.05). 3 months after operation, there was no significant difference in all the items between 2 groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with CPM, SET might be more effective on increasing knee ROM in the short-term, and could be used as an effective intervention for patients after knee arthroplasty at the early stage.

Objective To study the correlation between time of fever onset in the course of patients'illness and etiologies of fever of unknown origin (FUO).Methods A total of 1 570 patients with FUO admitted from January 2013 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed, and clinical data ( sex, age, time of fever onset) of 348 patients meeting FUO diagnosis criteria with definite etiology diagnosis and time of fever onset were collected for multivariate logistic regression analysis after bias check.Results No statistically significant bias was found between 348 selected cases and 1 570 overall cases in gender (χ2 =0.029, P=0.903) and age (t=-1.040, P=0.299), and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed positive correlation between fever onset during 13: 00-18: 00 and infection (P=0.044, B=1.275), 18:00-24: 00 and connective tissue diseases ( P =0.029, B =0.838 ) , and showed negative correlation between age and miscellaneous (P =0.010, B =-0.042).Conclusions Characteristics of fever onset time may have significant value in preliminary diagnosis and guiding the correct direction of final definite diagnosis by means of targeted examinations or diagnostic treatments.It is worth to be further studied and discussed.

Objective To establish a mouse model of bacterial vaginosis ( BV) by infecting estro-gen-treated mice with Prevotella bivia ( P. bivia) . Methods The mice were intraperitoneally injected with beta-estradiol 17 valerate which was suspended in sesame oil and then inoculated with different doses of P. bivia strains at the logarithmic phase. Samples of vaginal flushing fluid were collected at different time points after inoculation and used for the isolation of P. bivia strains and the detection of sialidase activities. Altogether 30 mice treated with estrogen and high dose of P. bivia were killed on days 2, 7 and 21 (n=10). Samples of cornua uteri, bladder and kidney were collected from those mice for P. bivia strains isolation. Re-sults Injection the estrogen-treated mice with P. bivia via vagina could cause the P. bivia infection for more than 14 days. The numbers of P. bivia strains isolated on day 21 decreased significantly. Enhanced sialidase activities and clue cells were observed in vaginal secretions of mice with P. bivia infection. Injection of mice with the high dose of P. bivia could spread the infection to cornua uteri. Conclusion Estrogen-treated mice could be used as an animal model for researches on BV.