Objective To comparatively analyze the cognition and feelings of professional self-con-cept of nurse (PSCN) between nursing students and nursing staff and and to propose recommendations for the education of nursing students. Methods Professional self-concept of nurses instrument (PSCNI) scale was used to investigate the self evaluation of nursing students and nursing staff in the aspects of nursing skills, leadership, flexibility,satisfaction degree and communication skills. SPSS 19.0 was used to analyze the total scores and scores of each aspects; F test and t test were used to analyze the difference between two groups. Results Total score for nursing students and nursing staff were (81.27±7.40) points (67.7%) and (85.00±7.96) points (70.0%), with significant differences between the two groups (P=0.003). Scores in as-pects of nurturing skills, communication, flexibility were higher in nursing staff than in nursing students, with significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion The cognition and feeling of nursing staff is better than nursing students in aspects of nurturing skills, communication, flexibility. Nursing teaching can correspondingly improved based on the differences between the two groups.

AIM: To examine the pharmacodynamics of a self-developed oral colon-specific delivery coated tablets of 4-aminosalicylic acid (4-ASA) on rats. METHODS: Ulcerative colitis rat model was developed by intrarectal administration of 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in alcohol. Rats were divided randomly into healthy control group, TNBS control group, TNBS + lower dose (coated tablets) group, TNBS +medium dose (coated tablets) group, TNBS + higher dose (coated tablets) group, TNBS + sulfasalazine (SASP) group, TNBS + medium dose non-coated tablet group. Several indices including macroscopic change,histological damage, and tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were examined after 5 consecutive oral drug administration to assess pharmacodynamics of the coated tablets. RESULTS: An experimental ulcerative colitis in rats was induced by TNBS. Compared with 4-ASA non-coated tablet group, decreased macroscopic and histological damage score and lower MPO activity were observed after the oral administration of 4-ASA coated tablets or SASP. There was no significant difference between the effects on the indices of higher dose of coated tablets and SASP (P ＞ 0.05) CONCLUSION: The self-made 4-ASA oral colon-specific delivery coated tablet showes higher effect than non-coated tablets to treat ulcerative colitis in rats.

BACKGROUND: There are no ideal substitutes for meniscus. Meniscel allograft transplantation has become a feasible method to retain maniscal function following injury. Currently, the meniscus conservancy methods include fresh meniscus, low temperature preserved meniscus; freeze-dried meniscus.OBJECTIVE: To observe the long-term effects of meniscus allograft transplantation by different methods.METHODS: A total of 70 adult New Zealand rabbits were used, and 30 were selected as meniscus donors. The remaining 40 rabbits were divided into 4 groups (n=10): after meniscectomy, control group was not treated; fresh group underwent fresh meniscus allograft transplantation; low temperature group underwent low temperature preserved meniscus allograft transplantation; freeze-dried group underwent freeze-dried meniscus allograft transplantation. Of 30 donors, 10 received fresh meniscus transplantation, and the other received temperature preserved meniscus and freeze-dried meniscus transplantation 1 week after low temperature and freeze dried preservation. The rabbits were sacrificed 12 months after surgery for gross and histological observation.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The meniscus allografts of rabbits healed well, and no rabbits died. Gross observation showed that the appearance and elasticity of fresh meniscus group was similar to normal meniscus; tibial plateau was covered well, with no additional wearing in the cartilage of tibial plateau or condyles of femur. In low temperature and freeze-dried preservation groups,the meniscus grafts healed well, but their volume was small and the elasticity was poor; tibial plateau was only partially covered.Pathological observation suggested that fresh meniscus group had orderly arranged collage fiber and similar chondrocyte appearance, number and distribution to normal meniscus, while sparse collagen fiber end small number of meniscus grafts were observed in the other groups. Results show that meniscal allogrefting can survive, retain certain function and structure and prevent the degenerative changes of the knee joint. Moreover, fresh meniscal grafts exhibit best effects, as the grafts following low temperature or freeze-dried preservation degenerate and their volume diminish 1 year following meniscectomy.

OBJECTIVE： To develop a HPLC method for the determination of the contents of lidocaine and prilocaine in compound lidocaine cream as a quality control means.METHODS： Lidocaine and prilocaine in compound lidocaine cream were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography on C18 column with the detection wavelength at 254nm.The mobile phase was 0.5％ ammonium dihydrogen phosphate(pH=7)-methanol(20∶ 80).RESULTS： The calibration curves of both lidocaine and prilocaine were linear within the concentration range of 130～250μ g/ml(r=0.9 996).The recovery rates of lidocaine and prilocaine were 99.05％ and 99.27％ respectively， RSDs were 0.67％ and 1.15％ ， intra-day RSDs 0.81％ and 1.45％ ， inter-day RSDs 0.55％ and 0.63％ respectively.CONCLUSION： The method was sensitive， stable and accurate.It can be used to determine and control the quality of compound lidocaine cream.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the the control of hyperglycemia in patients with severe acute pancreatitis(SAP).METHODS: Patients were treated with NPH(subcutaneous injection) or continuous subcutaneous insulin injection(CSII) or Insulin glargine(subcutaneous injection).Incidences of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia and the blood sugar level within 5 days of admission were measured.RESULTS: The incidences of blood glucose level being ≤4.0 mmol?L-1 or ≥11.1 mmol?L-1 were significant different in CSII group and insulin glargine group compared with NPH group respectively(P

OBJECTIVE:To prepare indapamide capsules and study the quality control methods METHODS:The content of indapamide in capsules was determined by UV-spectrophotometry The other ingredients were determined by HPLC RES_ULTS:The calibration curve was linear within the concentration range of 3 7～11 1?g/ml(r=0 9 997);the recovery of indapamide was 99 50%,RSD=0 43% The RSDs of indapamide and other ingredients were 0 43% and 0 1% respectively The relative percentage contents of 3 batches of sample were 99 07%,99 34%,99 58% respectively The uniformity A+1 80S of contents of indapamide in all samples detected was

Aim To prepare a new oral colon-specific delivery formulation and to investigate the release profile in vitro and the colon-specific delivery property in vivo in dogs. Methods Sodium 4-aminosalicylic acid was selected as the model drug. The combination of Eudragit RL30D and RS30D were used as sustained-release film, and Eudragit FS30D used as enteric film, which was expected to release drug depending on pH and time. The release profile of tablets was studied in three phosphate buffers with the pH 6.5, 7.0 or 7.4 for 12 h after a simulated gastric presoak for 2 h in 0.1 mol · L-1 HCl. The tablets were radiolabelled with 99mTc to make their release times and positions in the gastrointestinal tract be followed using a gamma camera. Results For the in vitro study, there was no drug released in 0. 1 mol ·L- 1 HCl for 2 h, and release occurred slowly when pH was above 6.5. Drug was released faster while pH was higher. For the in vivo study, the coated tablets remained intact in the upper gastrointestinal tract, and drug release began after the colonic arrival. The uncoated tablets, however, disintegrated in the stomach of the dogs rapidly. Conclusion The coating could protect the drug until the tablets reached the ascending colon, where drug was released slowly for over 10 h.

Objective To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of low-dose and sustained release oral theophylline on the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.Methods Thirty four patients with stable COPD were randomly divided into two groups:theophylline group (n =18) was treated with slow-release theophylline (100 mg,twice daily),and placebo group (n =16) was given with placebo.Healthy non-smokers (n =12) were taken as control.The course of treatment was 12 weeks both of theophylline group and placebo group.The percentages of Neu/Leu and Mφ/Leu in sputum were detected before and after treatment and the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-17,IL-8,and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-et) were detected with enzyme linked immunosobent assay (ELISA).Results (1) Compared to pretreatment with theophylline group,the Neu/Leu was increased [(89 ±4.14)％ vs (83.4 ±6.98)％,P ＜0.05] and the Mφ/Leu was decreased [(6.4 ± 4.11) ％ vs (12.3 ± 6.96) ％,P ＜ 0.05] in the post-treated theophylline group.No significant changes in both Neu/Leu and Mφ/Leu were observed before and after placebo-treatment (P ＞ 0.05).(2) Compared to the control group,the concentrations of TNF-α,IL-8,and IL-17 in the sputum supernatant were significantly increased in both pretreatment and posttreatment with the theophylline or the placebo.Sputum TNF-α,IL-8,and IL-17 levels were significantly decreased in COPD patients who were given theophylline.Compared to pre-treatment with placebo group,the IL-8 and IL-17 levels were significantly increased in the post-treated placebo group (P ＜0.01).There was no significant change in TNF~ level between before and after treatment with the placebo.(3) The concentrations of IL-17,IL-8,and TNF-α in the sputum supernatant were positively correlated with the Neu/Leu counts (r =0.471,0.652,0.466,respectively,all P ＜0.01),negatively correlated with the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1 ％) (r =-0.516,-0.652,-0.496,respectively,all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Low-dose and sustained-release oral theophylline was efficient in improving airway inflammatory cells and inflammatory mediators,which plays an anti-inflammatory effect.

Objective To investigate the effects of low-dose,sustained release oral theophylline on the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patient.Methods Fifty-six patients with stable COPD were randomly divided into two group:theophylline group (n =35) that was treated with slow-release theophylline(100 mg,twice daily),and control group (n =21) that was given with placebo.A series of parameters including lung function,quality of life scores,body mass index,airflow obstruction,dyspnea,and exercise capacity index (BODE) score,exercise tolerance,exacerbations,satisfaction with treatments and adverse effects were tested before and 12 weeks after the treatments.Results Forty two patients completed the study,25 cases in the slow-release theophylline group,and 17 cases in the placebo group.The differences of two groups before the treatment were not prominent except the age (P ＞ 0.05).After treated with slow-release theophylline,the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1),forced vital capacity (FVC) and the symptom score were slightly increased,but there were no statistically significant differences (P ＞0.05).After theophylline therapy,the quality of life score,including activity ability score,disease activity score and total score,and BODE index score were significantly decreased(P ＜0.05),but 6 minutes walk test (6 MWT) differences were no significant (P ＞0.05).The differences in pulmonary function test,the quality of life score,BODE index score and 6 minutes walk test were no significant between before and after the treatment with the placebo (P ＞ 0.05).Compared to the cases who treated with the placebo group,the patients in slow-release theophylline group reduced the frequencies of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) (3/25 vs 7/17,x2 =4.748,P ＜0.05),and increased the efficacy satisfaction (Z =-2.579,P ＜ 0.05).Slightly adverse reaction was observed in 3 cases in slow-release theophylline group,but it could relieve by oneself,and not affect the common treatment.There was no adverse reaction in the placebo group.Conclusions Low dose,sustained release oral theophylline was efficient in improvement of the quality of life scores and BODE index score.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the efficacy and safety of rosiglitazone and metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes,and provide evidence-based reference for the clinical treatment. METHODS:Retrieved from PubMed,Medline, EMBase,Cochrane Library,CJFD,VIP and Wanfang database,randomized controlled trials (RCT) about rosiglitazone (test group)and metformin(control group)in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. After data extract and quality evaluation,Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.0 statistics software. RESULTS:A total of 5 RCT were included involving 636 patients. Re-sults of Meta-analysis showed the incidence of diarrhea [RR=0.23,95%CI(0.07,0.81),P=0.000] in test groupwere significantly lower than control group,the HbA1c level [MD=0.22,95%CI(0.07,0.38),P=0.004],the incidence of edema [RR=0.20,95%CI (0.05,0.57),P=0.011] in test group was significantly higher than control group,and there was no significant difference in the fast-ing blood glucose level[MD=0.27,95%CI(-0.26,0.79),P=0.32],the incidence of nausea/vomiting [RR=0.94,95%CI(0.06, 0.89),P=0.692]between 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS:Metformin is more effective than rosiglitazone in the treatment of type 2 dia-betes,however,the incidence of diarrhea should be noticed. Due to the limit of methodological quality and sample size,it remains to be further verified with more rigorously designed and long-term follow-up of large-scale RCT.