AIM: To examine the pharmacodynamics of a self-developed oral colon-specific delivery coated tablets of 4-aminosalicylic acid (4-ASA) on rats. METHODS: Ulcerative colitis rat model was developed by intrarectal administration of 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in alcohol. Rats were divided randomly into healthy control group, TNBS control group, TNBS + lower dose (coated tablets) group, TNBS +medium dose (coated tablets) group, TNBS + higher dose (coated tablets) group, TNBS + sulfasalazine (SASP) group, TNBS + medium dose non-coated tablet group. Several indices including macroscopic change,histological damage, and tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were examined after 5 consecutive oral drug administration to assess pharmacodynamics of the coated tablets. RESULTS: An experimental ulcerative colitis in rats was induced by TNBS. Compared with 4-ASA non-coated tablet group, decreased macroscopic and histological damage score and lower MPO activity were observed after the oral administration of 4-ASA coated tablets or SASP. There was no significant difference between the effects on the indices of higher dose of coated tablets and SASP (P ＞ 0.05) CONCLUSION: The self-made 4-ASA oral colon-specific delivery coated tablet showes higher effect than non-coated tablets to treat ulcerative colitis in rats.

Objective To Explore the therapy of elderly patients with hypoproliferative acute myeloid leukemia.Methods Twenty-six elderly patients with hypoproliferative acute myeloid leukemia had received induction of CAG regimen and 15 cases were treated intensive chemotherapy after complete remission,then if achieving complete remission had received subsequent intensive chemotherapy: stand or reduce AA, DA or HA regimen.Results In 26 cases patients who received CAG regimen,the complete remission rate, partial remis sionrat and the totle total effective rate were 53.85％ (14/26), 19.23％ (5/26) and 73.08％ (19/26), respectively.Accordance with response to CAG regimen and the therapy after complete remission, 26 patients were divided into 3 groups:intensive chemotherapy after complete remission(CR1), non-intensive chemotherapy after complete remission(CR2) and non-remission(NR, including partial remission patients).The median overall survival of CR1 ,CR2 and NR were 13.5 months, 8.2 months, and 4.5 months, respectively.There was higher median overall survival of CR1 group than CR2 and NR groups (P =0.041,0.001, respectively).There was higher OS of CR2 group than NR group (P =0.064).No serious bleeding events were found in chemotherapy.Conclusion CAG regimen was an effective and little adverse effect regimen for the treatment of elderly H-AML,and with well tolerance in patients.Advisable intensive chemotherapy can prolong the patient's survival time after complete remission.

Aim To prepare a new oral colon-specific delivery formulation and to investigate the release profile in vitro and the colon-specific delivery property in vivo in dogs. Methods Sodium 4-aminosalicylic acid was selected as the model drug. The combination of Eudragit RL30D and RS30D were used as sustained-release film, and Eudragit FS30D used as enteric film, which was expected to release drug depending on pH and time. The release profile of tablets was studied in three phosphate buffers with the pH 6.5, 7.0 or 7.4 for 12 h after a simulated gastric presoak for 2 h in 0.1 mol · L-1 HCl. The tablets were radiolabelled with 99mTc to make their release times and positions in the gastrointestinal tract be followed using a gamma camera. Results For the in vitro study, there was no drug released in 0. 1 mol ·L- 1 HCl for 2 h, and release occurred slowly when pH was above 6.5. Drug was released faster while pH was higher. For the in vivo study, the coated tablets remained intact in the upper gastrointestinal tract, and drug release began after the colonic arrival. The uncoated tablets, however, disintegrated in the stomach of the dogs rapidly. Conclusion The coating could protect the drug until the tablets reached the ascending colon, where drug was released slowly for over 10 h.

OBJECTIVE: To explore an useful and practical method for three-dimensional reconstruction of cochlear microstructure. METHOD: A digital image dataset of magnified forty times of human cochlear tissue can be get from the serial sections of transverse cedukol images of male cadavers temporal bone. Photoshop 6.0 and Amira 3.0 software were used to deal with the digital image dataset, such as image-connecting and image inner-location and three-dimensional reconstruction of cochlear and scala media. RESULT: The result of three-dimensional reconstruction of the cedukol images represents the anatomy of human cochlear and scala media transparently and objectively. CONCLUSION The three-dimensional reconstruction technique used in the study is practical for three-dimensional of inner ear microstructure.
Cochlea ; anatomy & histology ; Ear, Inner ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Male ; Microtomy ; methods ; Software

OBJECTIVECurrent study was conducted to investigate the seed physiological characteristics of Tulipa edulis and improve germination rate.

METHODAnatomical characteristics was observed. Seed water absorption curve was tested by soaking method. Dynamic of embryo development and germination rate as well as germination index under different conditions were recorded. And the biological test of cabbage seed was used for detecting the germination inhibitors.

RESULTThe embryo rate of newly matured seeds was about 10%, and there was no obstacle of water absorption on testa of T. edulis. The optimum method for embryo development was exposure to 300 mg x L(-1) gibberellin solution for 24 hours, and stratification at 25 degrees C for 70 days followed by stratification at 5 degrees C for 40 days. The germintion rate and germination index of dormancy-broken seeds under the dark environment at 10 degrees C and 15 degrees C were significantly higher than those under other conditions. Additionally, there were some germination inhibitory substances in dry seeds.

CONCLUSIONThe seed of T. edulis can be classified as having complex morphophysiological dormancy, and the morphological embryo dormancy played a leading role. Warm and cold stratification resulted in a fast dormancy breaking effect, and a high germination rate more than 90% could be obtained under the optimum conditions.

OBJECTIVEPresent study was conducted to explore the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Tulipa edulis under different light conditions (23%, 45%, 63%, 78%, 100% of full sunlight) and to determine the optimum light intensity for growth of T. edulis.

METHODThe leaf area and biomass indicators as well as reproductive characteristics were measured. The photosynthetic basic parameters and light response curve were determined by a LI-6400XT portable photosynthesis system, and the light response curve characteristic parameters was determined. Additionally, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were determined by assorted fluorescence leaf chamber of LI-6400XT.

RESULTThe lowest biomass yield was observed in the 23% and 100% of full sunlight treatments while the highest value was found under the 78% of full sunlight conditions. With the reduction of light availability, the success rate of sexual reproduction, light saturation point (LSP) and light compensation point (LCP) reduced, while apparent quantum yield (AQY) increased. 23% and 45% of full sunlight treatments led to lower photosynthesis rate (Pn) and higher apparent quantum yield (AQY) in comparison with other treatents. The highest photosynthesis rate was observed in the 78% and 100% of full sunlight treatments. In addition, 78% of full sunlight treatments led to highest Fv/Fm, Fv'/Fm', PhiPS II, ETR, and qP.

CONCLUSIONT. edulis was able to adapt in a wide range of light intensity, and 78% of full sunlinght was the most suitable light condition for growth of T. edulis.

OBJECTIVECurrent study on the pollination biology of Tulipa edulis was conducted to investigate its pollination characteristics and to provide references for artificial domestication and breeding of T. edulis.

METHODFlowering dynamics, pollinators, morphology and structure of flower were observed. Different methods were adopted to evaluate the pollen vitality, and benzidine-H2O2 method was used for estimation of the stigma receptivity. Breeding system was evaluated based on out-crossing index (OCI) , pollen-ovule ratio (P/O) and the results of emasculation, bagging and artificial pollination studies.

RESULTThe flower of T. edulis showed typical characteristics of Liliaceae. The pollen remained viable to some extent during all the anthesis and peaked within three days after blossoming. Stigma acceptability peaked in the first day of blossom and dwindled away in the next four days. The type of breeding system of T. edulis was facultative xenogamy, three species of Halictus are the main pollination insects.

CONCLUSIONThe type of breeding system of T. edulis was facultative xenogamy, withal cross-pollination give priority to self-pollination, and the insects play a main role on the pollination of T. edulis, further validation are needed to judge if the wind is helpful to pollination.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of akatinol memantine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods Two hundred and forty-one patients with AD were randomly assigned to receive 10 mg of donepezil daily or 20 mg of memantine daily for 24 weeks.The primary efficacy variables were the Clinician' s Interview-Based Impression of Change Plus (CIBIC-Plus),the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-cognition (ADAS-cog) and the Activities of Daily Living (ADL).The secondary efficacy variables were the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE).Results Two hundred and seven patients completed the study and were evaluated at week 24.Both memantine and donepezil had significant efficacies at the end point, according to the ADAS-cog, the ADL, the NPI and the MMSE.Patients receiving memantine had a similar outcome as those receiving donepezil, according to the results of all the variables changes (CIBIC-Plus: memantine 3.4±0.8vs donepezil 3.5±0.8; ADAS-cog: memantine-4.7±5.8 vs donepezil-4.6±6.5; ADL: memantine -2.4±6.7 vs donepezil-2.2±5.3 ; NP1: memantine-5.8±9.0 vs donepezil-3.1±8.5 ; MMSE:memantine 1.7±3.1 vs donepezil 1.8±2.8, all P >0.05).The adverse events were as following: donepezil group 41.88% and memanintine group 30.58%.Conclusion The memantine as a new drug for AD, has the similar efficacy as donepezil, and it is safe.

Objective To evaluate reference range for fasting venous blood cells in the healthy 51 584 elderly people from Shuyang,China.Methods Totally 1000 non-old people and 51 584 elderly people were involved in this study.Fasting venous blood cells were collected from each group of subjects using standard procedures.The collected aliquots were processed according to standard operating procedures to determine participants' complete blood counts.Non-parametric methods were employed to calculate the reference intervals and 95 ％ confidence intervals for complete blood counts by Sysmex XE-2100 blood cell analyzer.Results The reference ranges of fasting venous blood cells in elderly subjects (male,female) were [(3.25-9.45) × 109/L and (3.35-9.39) × 109/L,WBC];[(3.87-5.55) × 1012/L and (3.71-5.19) × 1012/L,RBC] ; [(116.2-169.5)g/L and(107.4-153.6)g/L,Hb] ; [(37.2-52.4) ％ and(35.2-48.6) ％,HCT] ; [(86.3-104.8)fl and (85.2-103.5) fl,MCV] ; [(27.0-33.4) pgand(26.4-32.5)pg,MCH]; [(297.1-335.4)g/L and(293.3-330.5)g/L,MCHC];[[(38.4-54.2) and (38.6-52.9),RDW-SD]; [(11.3-15.4)％ and(11.4-15.3)％,RDW-CV];[(98.8-303.8) × 109/L and (109.9-334.8) × 109/L,PLT] ; [(1.10-3.42) and (1.20-3.78) ml/L,PCT];[(11.2-15.6) fl and(11.3-15.5)fl,MPV]; [[(8.89-16.7)％ and(9.48 17.1)％,PDW];[(20.3-49.1) ％ and (20.5-48.6) ％,PLCR],respectively.13 parameters of fasting venous blood samples in elderly people had statistically significant differences compared with non-old people (all P ＜0.05).Conclusions The reference range of fasting venous blood samples in elderly people are significantly different from non-old people.It is necessary to scientifically and reasonably establish the reference ranges for fasting venous blood cells in local elderly people.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of SOX2 in laryngeal carcinoma and analyze the relation of SOX2 and clinical factors. METHOD: We measured the expression of SOX2 protein in 45 laryngeal carcinoma fresh samples and 45 paracarcinoma tissues (cutting margin > 0.5 cm) with flow cytometer (Epics-XL II), 20 normal laryngeal mucosa samples were also studied as controls. RESULT: The quantitative and qualitative expression of SOX2 protein in laryngeal carcinoma tissues was obviously higher than those in paracarcinoma and in normal laryngeal mucosa tissues respectively (P < 0 05). There was no significant difference between the expression of paracarcinoma and normal laryngeal mucosa tissues. In laryngeal carcinoma, the expression of SOX2 protein wasn't significantly related to patients' clinical classification, tumor size, smoking history, patients' age and sex but related to metastasis, pathological grade and clinical stage. CONCLUSION The high expression of SOX2 may contribute to the carcinogenesis and development of laryngeal carcinoma. It is an important index of judging metastasis and staging and prognosis of laryngeal carcinoma to measure the expression of SOX2 protein.
Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; metabolism ; Carcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; SOXB1 Transcription Factors ; metabolism