Primary aldosteronism (PA) is one of the common forms of secondary hypertension.Compared with essential hypertension patients,PA patients have a higher incidence of target organ damage and cardiovascular events.Elucidation of the underlying molecular mechanisms will likely aid the development of targeted treatments and improve prognosis for PA patients.At present,studies have elucidated the pathogenesis of familial hyperaldosteronism type Ⅰ,while the study of the pathogenesis of other subtypes is still in progressing.This review introduces the current studies on the molecular genetics of primary aldosteronism.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the common arrhythmias. Catheter radiofrequency ablation is a only effective therapeutic method of AF currently. Contact force sensing catheter like SMART TOUCH can real time monitoring the pressure of catheter tip, which can help operators to understand the contact force between atrial and ablation points, and guide the atrial fibrillation ablation. It is significantly improved the effectiveness and safety of the atrial fibrillation. This article will focus on the current situation of radiofrequency ablation for AF by contact force catheter, in order to provide guidance for clinical work.

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of the clinical outcome of patients with femoral neck fracture after operation .Methods 180 patients with femoral neck fractures were chosen ,the clinical data were statistical analyzed,recording body condition of concurrent disease and preoperative in all patients gender ,age,level of hemoglobin ,serum albumin level ,injured time and operation time interval of time ,before the operation , The influence of clinical outcome in patients of 1 years after fracture of neck was analyzed .Results The death patients and survival between patients with concurrent disease (89.6% vs 10.4%),physical status classification (84.9% vs 15.1%), hemoglobin(98.4%vs 1.6%),serum albumin level(98.9% vs 1.1%) and total lymphocyte number (96.6% vs 3.4%) had statistical significance(χ2 =7.227,13.855,16.201,6.678,4.649,all P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis ,concurrent disease ,>2 physical status classification in the grade ⅢorⅣ,level of hemoglobin <100g/L,level of serum albumin <35g/L and total lymphocyte number <1.5 ×109/L were risk factors of clinical out-come of femoral neck after surgery .Conclusion Concurrent disease ,physical status classification ,hemoglobin levels , serum albumin level and total lymphocyte number are clinical risk factors increased mortality for patients with fracture of neck of femur .

BACKGROUND: There are no ideal substitutes for meniscus. Meniscel allograft transplantation has become a feasible method to retain maniscal function following injury. Currently, the meniscus conservancy methods include fresh meniscus, low temperature preserved meniscus; freeze-dried meniscus.OBJECTIVE: To observe the long-term effects of meniscus allograft transplantation by different methods.METHODS: A total of 70 adult New Zealand rabbits were used, and 30 were selected as meniscus donors. The remaining 40 rabbits were divided into 4 groups (n=10): after meniscectomy, control group was not treated; fresh group underwent fresh meniscus allograft transplantation; low temperature group underwent low temperature preserved meniscus allograft transplantation; freeze-dried group underwent freeze-dried meniscus allograft transplantation. Of 30 donors, 10 received fresh meniscus transplantation, and the other received temperature preserved meniscus and freeze-dried meniscus transplantation 1 week after low temperature and freeze dried preservation. The rabbits were sacrificed 12 months after surgery for gross and histological observation.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The meniscus allografts of rabbits healed well, and no rabbits died. Gross observation showed that the appearance and elasticity of fresh meniscus group was similar to normal meniscus; tibial plateau was covered well, with no additional wearing in the cartilage of tibial plateau or condyles of femur. In low temperature and freeze-dried preservation groups,the meniscus grafts healed well, but their volume was small and the elasticity was poor; tibial plateau was only partially covered.Pathological observation suggested that fresh meniscus group had orderly arranged collage fiber and similar chondrocyte appearance, number and distribution to normal meniscus, while sparse collagen fiber end small number of meniscus grafts were observed in the other groups. Results show that meniscal allogrefting can survive, retain certain function and structure and prevent the degenerative changes of the knee joint. Moreover, fresh meniscal grafts exhibit best effects, as the grafts following low temperature or freeze-dried preservation degenerate and their volume diminish 1 year following meniscectomy.

AIM: To examine the pharmacodynamics of a self-developed oral colon-specific delivery coated tablets of 4-aminosalicylic acid (4-ASA) on rats. METHODS: Ulcerative colitis rat model was developed by intrarectal administration of 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in alcohol. Rats were divided randomly into healthy control group, TNBS control group, TNBS + lower dose (coated tablets) group, TNBS +medium dose (coated tablets) group, TNBS + higher dose (coated tablets) group, TNBS + sulfasalazine (SASP) group, TNBS + medium dose non-coated tablet group. Several indices including macroscopic change,histological damage, and tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were examined after 5 consecutive oral drug administration to assess pharmacodynamics of the coated tablets. RESULTS: An experimental ulcerative colitis in rats was induced by TNBS. Compared with 4-ASA non-coated tablet group, decreased macroscopic and histological damage score and lower MPO activity were observed after the oral administration of 4-ASA coated tablets or SASP. There was no significant difference between the effects on the indices of higher dose of coated tablets and SASP (P ＞ 0.05) CONCLUSION: The self-made 4-ASA oral colon-specific delivery coated tablet showes higher effect than non-coated tablets to treat ulcerative colitis in rats.

AIM:To establish the method of determining sodium new houttuyfonate in plasma and study its pharmacokinetics in beagle dogs.METHODS:The HPLC was employed with chromatographic conditions,such as octa-silicane bond silica gel column(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m)as analytical column,methanol-water-ammonium hydroxide with 4 butyls(70 ∶30 ∶0.3)as mobile phase and at the flow-rate of 1.0 mL/min.The UV detection was set at 286 nm.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS(ver 1.0)program and compared by statistic analysis.RESULTS:The calibration curve was linear in blood plasma over the concentration range of 0.128～25.575 mg/L(r= 0.999 2),good precision and high recoveries.The parameters were T_ max= 5.0 min,C_ max= 4.982 mg/L,T_ 1/2=8.67 min.CONCLUSION:The analytical method established in this study is sensitive and exact,and can be used to measure the pharmacokinetics of sodium new houttuyfonate in beagle dog.The sodium new houttuyfonate can metabolize quickly following intravenous injection.

OBJECTIVE： To develop a HPLC method for the determination of the contents of lidocaine and prilocaine in compound lidocaine cream as a quality control means.METHODS： Lidocaine and prilocaine in compound lidocaine cream were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography on C18 column with the detection wavelength at 254nm.The mobile phase was 0.5％ ammonium dihydrogen phosphate(pH=7)-methanol(20∶ 80).RESULTS： The calibration curves of both lidocaine and prilocaine were linear within the concentration range of 130～250μ g/ml(r=0.9 996).The recovery rates of lidocaine and prilocaine were 99.05％ and 99.27％ respectively， RSDs were 0.67％ and 1.15％ ， intra-day RSDs 0.81％ and 1.45％ ， inter-day RSDs 0.55％ and 0.63％ respectively.CONCLUSION： The method was sensitive， stable and accurate.It can be used to determine and control the quality of compound lidocaine cream.

AIM： To give some information for rational administration of oral antiepileptic drugs to epileptic patients in clinic METHODS： The serum concentrations of oral phenytoin sodium， phenobarbital and carbamazepine were determined in 88,63 and 63 epileptic patients（ total 214 times） by fluorescence polarization immunoassay， respectively The individualized drugs administration schemes were provided RESULTS： The sensitivity to the three kinds of antiepileptic drugs varied in different patients CONCLUSIONS： The administration of oral antiepileptic drugs to epileptic patients must be based on the data of drug concentration in serum We must comprehensively consider the other factors

Objective To Explore the therapy of elderly patients with hypoproliferative acute myeloid leukemia.Methods Twenty-six elderly patients with hypoproliferative acute myeloid leukemia had received induction of CAG regimen and 15 cases were treated intensive chemotherapy after complete remission,then if achieving complete remission had received subsequent intensive chemotherapy: stand or reduce AA, DA or HA regimen.Results In 26 cases patients who received CAG regimen,the complete remission rate, partial remis sionrat and the totle total effective rate were 53.85％ (14/26), 19.23％ (5/26) and 73.08％ (19/26), respectively.Accordance with response to CAG regimen and the therapy after complete remission, 26 patients were divided into 3 groups:intensive chemotherapy after complete remission(CR1), non-intensive chemotherapy after complete remission(CR2) and non-remission(NR, including partial remission patients).The median overall survival of CR1 ,CR2 and NR were 13.5 months, 8.2 months, and 4.5 months, respectively.There was higher median overall survival of CR1 group than CR2 and NR groups (P =0.041,0.001, respectively).There was higher OS of CR2 group than NR group (P =0.064).No serious bleeding events were found in chemotherapy.Conclusion CAG regimen was an effective and little adverse effect regimen for the treatment of elderly H-AML,and with well tolerance in patients.Advisable intensive chemotherapy can prolong the patient's survival time after complete remission.

Objective To evaluate the outcome and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) versus endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in the management of esophageal mucosal lesion.Methods The clinical data of 70 patients with esophageal mucosal lesion were analyzed.Twenty-five patients were treated by ESD (ESD group) and 45 patients were treated by EMR (EMR group).The enbloc resection rate,tissue healing resection rate,operation time,complication and recurrence rate were compared between two groups.Results The enbloc resection rate,tissue healing resection rate in ESD group were significantly higher than those in EMR group [60.0％(15/25) vs.48.9％(22/45),48.0％(12/25) vs.40.0％ (18/45)] (P ＜0.05).The local recurrence rate in ESD group was lower than that in EMR group [4.0％ (1/25) vs.20.0％ (9/45)] (P ＜ 0.05).The severe complication such as delayed hemorrhage,perforation,stenosis between two groups had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The operation time in ESD group was (64.3 ±27.1) min,and significantly longer than that in EMR group [(27.6 ± 14.1) min] (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Compare with EMR,ESD has better enbloc resection rate,tissue healing resection rate,and lower recurrence rate.It is more safe and effective in the therapy of esophageal mucosal disease.