OBJECTIVE To explore the risk factors related to catheter-associated urinary tract infection(CAUTI),and discuss the preventive measures.METHODS The bacteriuria in the patients who got indwelling urinary tract from 2004 to 2006 was investigated retrospectively.RESULTS From 536 patients 252 had bacteriuria,the total rate was 47.0% and 429 strains of pathogens were found,with average 1.7 strains of microorganisms per patient.CAUTI was associated with sex(female patients were more than males),long time of indwelling urinary catheterization and some underlying diseases.CONCLUSIONS To know the correct indications of indwelling urinary tract.to be strictly with asepsis operation,especially for female patients and to reduce the indwelling time with careful monitoring measures are necessary to some patients who have severe underlying diseases.

OBJECTIVE To study the situation of central supply department and discuss the management of it.METHODS The hygienic monitoring results of sterile room in central supply department from 2007 to 2008 were invectigated.RESULTS The hygienic eligible rate of air,environment and objects was 91.1-97.2%.The qualified rate of sterilized packet was 99.2-100%.The eligible rate of humidity and temperature in disinfection chamber was 92.3% and 88.8%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS To consummate management measures and manage strictly sterilization procedure,assigning special person for the duty and attention to every details which easy tobe contaminated.all these measures mentioned above are the important countermeasures to quarantee environmental quality.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the leading death cause of pulmonary diseases, ranking the fourth of global death causes. Self-management program is able to gradually improve the Airways of COPD patients with ventilation, reduce the degree of lung failure, elevate the health status as well as promoting self-efficacy, which is the key process to effectively control COPD relapse. In recent years, more and more domestic and foreign academic employ the widely-used network technology and carry out a large number of information study on COPD self-management intervention. This article reviewed literatures about the intervention methods on self-management of patients suffered from COPD, aimed at providing a better basis for exploring more effective self-management.

Objective To probe the application of umbilical vein catheterization among the verylow-birth-weight or the low-birth-weight children.Methods In this retrospective study,the clinical condition of the very-low-birth-weight or the low-birth-weight infants in neonatal intensive care unit who had umbilical vein catheterization from June 2011 to January 2013 was concluded.Results Sixty-three cases were successfully catheterized,of which 41 cases were catheterized in inferior vena cava(65.1％).The retention time was 4 to 21 days,with an average of 12.9 days.Eleven cases suffered unplanned extubation of the indwelling catheters,and eight of them were located in the umbilical vein.There were statistically significant differences of unplanned extubation rates among different location of the catheters (x2 =8.38,P ＜ 0.01).All cases were intubated within 36 hours after birth,and the intubation time was not positively correlated to the success rate of catheterization in the inferior vena cava (x2 =0.223,P ＞ 0.1).Suspected catheter-related infections occurred in 5 cases and the infection rate was 6.2/1000 per intravascular catheter day.After extubation,bacterial cultures of the tips of the catheters and blood were arranged.The results suggest that the bacterial culture of the catheter tip was positive in only 1 case(1.6％),and yeast-like fungus was positive in 1 case (1.6％),while the retention time and incidence of catheter-related infection had no significant corelation(x2 =0.075,P ＞ 0.95).Conclusion Umbilical vein catheterization could be used at the early stage in preterm (very) low-birth-weight infants.

Objective To observe the influence of sowing time and planting density on seed germination percentage and growth of Desmodium styracifolium(Osb.) Merr..Methods After quality inspection of the seed,the seeds planting test for Desmodium styracifolium(Osb.) Merr.was carried out from March to October,and the influences of sowing time and planting density on the seed germination percentage and growth were observed.Results On the planting base of Pingyuan county in Guangdong province,the seeds of Desmodium styracifolium(Osb.) Merr.planted from March to October had a high germination percentage and the seedling grew well.With the increase of planting density,the seed germination percentage decreased,but was up to 80% when the planting density was 0.5～1.0 g /m2.Conclusion The optimum planting time for Desmodium styracifolium(Osb.) Merr.is in autumn and the optimum planting density is 0.5～1.0 g /m2.

[Objective] To analyze the volatile constituents of Desmodium styracifolium (Osbeck) Merr. . [Methods] Volatile constituents of Desmodium styracifolium (Osbeck) Merr. were extracted by steam distillation and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) . [ Results ] Twenty-one kinds of components were separated and identified. [Conclusion] The method is reliable, stable and repeatable and can be used for the analysis of volatile constituents of Desmodium styracifolium (Osbeck) Merr. .

Objective To analyze the clinical features and factors associated with knee osteonecrosis in patients with systemic lnpus erythematosus (SLE).Methods Medical charts of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2000 to 2013 were reviewed to identify patients who were diagnosed as SLE with kuee osteonecrosis.Controls were selected and matched to the cases by age and sex.The clinical and laboratory variables were compared between SLE patients who were with and without knee osteonecrosis.Numerical data and categorical data comparisons were analyzed using t-test,x2-test,respectively.Results Sixteen patients developed knee osteonecrosis that constituted 0.37％ of all the 4 301 hospitalized SLE patients during the same period.Fifteen patients were female,who developed knee osteonecrosis with an average age of 36 years (range:17-67 years).The mean duratiou of SLE before the diagnosis of knee osteonecrosis was 64±40 months (range:16-120 months).The interval from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 0.5 to 24 months.The distal end of femur was involved in all 16 patients,while the proximal tibia necrosis also occurred in 8 patients.The detection rate of knee osteonecrosis by MRI was 100％,while it was only 19％ by plain radiography.The incidence of skin vasculitis,myositis,osteoporosis,hyperlipidemia,hypoalbuminemia and elevated serum immunoglobin G levels were significantly higher in SLE patients with knee osteonecrosis than in controls (P＜0.05).In addition,the use of anti-malarials was significantly lower in SLE patients with knee osteonecrosis than in controls (P＜0.05).Conclusion The knee osteonecrosis in SLE patients is affected by multifactors.The risk factors include skin vasculitis,myositis osteoporosis,hyperlipidemia,hypoalbuminemia and the elevated immunoglobin G level.The use of antimalarial drugs in SLE patients may protect against knee osteonecrosis development.Knee osteonecrosis coull be diagnosed early by MRI.

Object: To observe the effect of PGMS on lipids metabolic disturbance in diabetes mellitus. Methods: 50 cases (male 18,female 32,average age 58?6 years old ) with lipids metabolic disturbance in diabetes mellitus were given PGMS. Each of them took 100mg/time,3 times/day for 60 days, meanwhile kept on taking diabetes mellitus diet and anti-diabetic medicine. Detected and compared the amounts of TC, TG, HDL, Glucose of blood, and Glucose of urine before and after PGMS were given. Result: TC and TG were decreased obviously (P

[Objective] To analyze the constituents of volatile oil from Nervilla fordii (NF) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GM-MS). [Methods] Volatile oil was extracted from NF by steam distillation and the constituents of volatile oil were isolated and identified by GM-MS. The relative contents of the volatile constituents were calculated by ionic flow chromatographic area normalization method. [Results] Eighty-nine components were separated. Among them, fifty-three components were identified, accounting 91.82% of the total volatile oil. [Conclusion] The main constituents identified from NF were: 2-pentadecanone, 6,10,14-trimethyl (13.55%), 4-ethyl-trans-3-thiobicyclo [4,4,0] decane (6.54%), benzenesulfonamide, 4-methyl-N- (2-oxo-2 phenylethyl) (6.33%), phytol (6.32%),?-carinol (4.54%), ?-ionone (4.43%), caryophyllene oxide (4.13%). The amount of the above constituents accounts 45.84% of the total volatile oil.

【Objective】To explore the long-term storage method for the seeds of Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.)Gilg..【Methods】The seeds of Aquilaria sinensis(Lour.)Gilg.with different water contents were preserved with liquid nitrogen for 55 days.And then the seeds were taken out to detect their germination capacity.The effect of cryopreservation methods on the germination capacity was also observed.【Results】The seeds with water content being 16.30% lost their germination capacity completely,the seeds with water content being 13.02% and 9.34% had a lower germination capacity,and the seeds with water content being 7.35% had a higher germination capacity.Quickly-frozen seeds had a higher germination capacity than the slowly-frozen seeds.【Conclusion】Cryopreservation with liquid nitrogen is suitable for the long-term preservation of the seeds of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.)Gilg.with water content being 7.35%.