Objective To explore the feasibility of MR imaging for tumor-associated macrophages. Methods BALB/c mice and BALB/c ( nu/nu) nude mice were randomly divided into 6 groups ( before injection, 6, 24, 48, 72 hours and 7 days after injection) and 5 groups (before injection, 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours after injection) with each group of 3 animals, respectively. Macrophages ( RAW 264. 7) were incubated with HSA-IONPs ( dopamine/HSA coating iron oxide nanoparticle) containing 20 μg Fe/ml for 24 hours. Then, 5 x 106 labeled macrophages were collected and injected into subcutaneous 4T1 tumorbearing BALB/c mice and 22B tumor-bearing nude mice via tail vein. At different time points described above, all animals performed transverse and coronal T2-weighted MR scans using a 7. 0 T MR imaging unit.After sacrifice at different time points, tumor, liver and other organs were removed and processed for histological examination. Cytotoxicity of HSA-IONPs were assayed by MTT test, Statistics analysis adopt SPSS 11.5, the differences among groups were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The difference was regarded as statistically significant when P <0. 05. Image J 1.42 software was used for the quantitative measurement of MR signal intensity. Results Effective cell labeling was confirmed by Prussian blue staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM ). Iron uptake of single cell was 6. 19 pg. The mean absorbance values of cells incubated with HSA-IONPs for 24 hours in each group were 1. 95 ±0.19, 1. 82 ±0. 29,2. 10 ±0. 14, 1. 96 ±0. 18, 2. 05 ±0. 27 and 2.17 ±0. 22 respectively at different concentrations (5, 10,20, 40, 80, 160 μg/ml). Compared with that in control group (2. 00 ±0. 07), the absorbance values of cells in each group were not significantly different (F = 1.24,P>0. 05). There was a significant linear positive correlation between the labelled macrophage numbers and MR R2 values (r = 0. 99 ,P < 0. 05). In 4T1 tumor model, significant low signal intensity was found on T2WI surrounding the necrosis and cystic degeneration 6 hours after macrophage injection, with a signal reduction of 59.4%. The signal of tumor parenchyma showed no significant change, with signal reduction of 4. 8%. Irregular low signal ring could be seen at the junction of necrosis and parenchyma area at 24 hours after injection, with a signal reduction of 46. 8% and the signal loss was restored to 96. 8% around the necrosis and cystic degeneration. In 22B tumor model, multiple small scattered foci of low signal intensity were presented on T2WI around the necrosis and cystic degeneration 6 hours after macrophage injection with a signal drop of 46. 8% and reduced at 24 hours. 2, 3 or 7 days after macrophage injection, the morphology and location of low signal intensity were similar to those at 24 hours after injection on T2WI. But the signal intensity gradually decreased. The presence of labelled macrophages imaged by MRI were verified by pathology. Conclusion MRI is feasible for the delineation of tumor-associated macrophages. 24 hours after macrophage injection is the optimal time point for the assessment of macrophage migration and infiltration of tumor on T2WI. MRI can be used to evaluate the perfusion and neovascularization of tumor 6 hours after macrophage injection.

Objective:To compare and analyze the volatile components in different medicinal parts of silktree Albizzia julibrissin and their relative contents .Methods:Chromatography-mass spectrometry using headspace solid phase microextraction combined with gas method ( HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to analyze the volatile components in the bark and flowers of silktree Albizzia julibrissin and the relative contents were calculated by a peak area normalization method .Results:In the bark and flowers of silktree Albizzia julibris-sin, totally 30 and 33 compounds were respectively identified , which respectively accounted for 73.20%and 88.29%of the total vola-tile.A total of 15 components, including alkanes, alkenes, aldehydes, furans, alcohols and acids were in the bark and flowers of silk-tree Albizzia julibrissin, among them, the content of cineole was the highest (bark:15.02%and flowers:21.9%).Conclusion:The HS-SPME technique can be used to analyze and compare the volatile components in the bark and flowers of silktree Albizzia julibrissin, which provides scientific basis for the reasonable development and application of the bark and flowers of silktree Albizzia julibrissin.

Objective To investigate the functional and structural changes of connectivity of default mode network (DMN) in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) by functional MRI (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and to study the relationship between them.Methods Twenty-seven RRMS patients(clinically diagnosed as RRMS)and 27 healthy volunteers (matched to the patients in age and gender) were selected to participate in this study.All the subjects underwent 3.0 T MR scanning.Softwares such as DPARSF,MICA,TrackVis were used for data post-processing.Medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex(PCC) of DMN were chosen as ROIs,and functional and structural changes of DMN and the relationship between them were analyzed.Values of r reflecting the functional connectivity and fractional anisotropy(FA) of two groups were obtained.Then statistical analysis was performed by using student t test and Pearson correlation analysis.Results The DMN space pattern of the RRMS patients was mostly identical to that of controls,but with specific difference in the connectivity strength with respect to that of controls.Particularly,the patient group showed increased DMN connectivity in the mPFC,but decreased connectivity in the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and PCC.Compared with controls,the r value (0.695 ±0.151 vs.0.796±0.085),FA value(0.261 ±0.012 vs.0.285 ±0.017) between mPFC and PCC in RRMS patients were decreased (t =-3.020,-6.206,P ＜ 0.05).In addition,functional connectivity (r value) was found to correlate with structural connectivity(FA value) between the PCC and mPFC (r =0.704,0.735,P ＜ 0.01).The number of MS lesion,had no correlation with r value or FA value (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The functional connectivity and structural connectivity of DMN change in RRMS patients.The functional connectivity and structural connectivity between mPFC and PCC are both decreased in RRMS patients compared with the controls.The injury of structural connectivity may be the structural basis of the decrease of functional connectivity.

To find a rapid and accurate genotyping method for specific non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL)-causing gene mutations for disease diagnosis in different ethnic populations.Methods We performed a novel multiplex primer extension (PE) reaction in combination with denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) to simultaneously detect and genotype the 6 most common mutations in 180 patients with NSHL (GJB2-235delC,GJB2-299delAT,PDS-A2168G,PDS IVS7-2A ＞ G,mtDNA-A1555G,and mtDNA-C1494T) in Chinese population.This method involved the amplification of the target sequence,followed by a purification step,a multiplex PE reaction,and DHPLC analysis performed on the Transgenomic Wave DNA fragment analysis system under fully-denaturing conditions.Results In a blind analysis,this technique successfully and accurately genotyped 100％ of the samples simultaneously characterized by direct sequencing.Conclusion Combination of PE and DHPLC is simple,rapid,accurate,and cost-effective for genotyping common disease-causing mutations,including substitutions,insertions,and deletions in NSHL,and may be successfully used in other genetic diseases.

Objective To explore CT manifestion of multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC)and to improve the recognization of MPLC.Methods The CT manifestions of 12 cases with MPLC proved by pathology were retrospectively reviewed.Results All the 12 cases were double primary lung cancer.There were 24 lesions with 21 peripheral and 3 central,the average diameter was (2.2 ± 0.6)cm.Lesions located in contralateral lobes were in 2 patients,and located in ipsilateral lobes were in 10 patients,with 3 located in the same lobe and 7 in the different lobes.There were 7 cases of adenocarcinoma-adenocarcinoma,3 cases of squamous cell carci-noma-adenocarcinoma,1 case of squamous cell carcinoma-squamous cell carcinoma and 1 case of squamous cell carcinoma-carcinoid. 1 1 cases were metachronous and 1 case was synchronous.3 lesions were lump located at hilus of the lung,21 lesions were intrapul-monary nodules,showing masses with lobulated shape,spicules of margin,vascular convergence,vacuole and pleural indentation sign.Most foci displayed moderate intensity enhancement and homogeneous density in triphase enhanced scans,the CT value of le-sions on enhanced images ranged from 20-60 HU.Conclusion MPLC are synchronous and peripheral adenocarcinoma type,all of the lesions have typical CT features of primary lung cancer.

Objective To investigate CT and MRI features of abdominal huge liposarcoma,and improve the preoperative diagnostic accuracy. Methods The CT and MRI findings of 1 7 cases with abdominal huge liposarcoma proved by operation and pathology were analyzed and correlated with pathologic subtypes retrospectively.Results In 17 cases,16 cases were located in retroperitoneal,1 case was located in the abdominal cavity.The average maximal diameter of the lesions was 17 cm.In all cases,main components of well differentiated liposarcomata (n=7) were fat density on CT and MRI,and enhanced slightly,3 cases were multiple lesions,1 case of sclerosing liposarcoma contained massive patchy calcification,1 case was fatless.Myxoid liposarcoma (n=5)were similar to cystic on CT and MRI features,enhanced with latticed or cloudy components slightly to moderately .Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (n=2)has both fat and soft tissue inside and the dividing line was clear.The soft tissue mass unevenly obviously enhanced.Mixed liposarcoma (n=3)had the imaging characteristics above different types,2 cases contained no fat composition.Conclusion Liposarcoma pathological subtype has diversity,and various subtypes have certain characteristic on CT and MRI imaging features.

Objective To investigate CT and MRI features of extragonadal primary seminoma and improve its diagnostic accuracy.Methods The clinical and imaging features of 8 patients with extragonadal primary seminoma proved by histopathology were analyzed retrospectively.Results In 8 cases,4 cases were located in intracranial regions,4 cases in the abdominal and pelvic cavity.Detailedly,roundlike solid and cystic tumors were seen in the basal ganglia and thalamus in 2 cases.The mass density and signal were inhomogeneous in the necrotic area with slight peritumoral edema and heterogeneous enhancement,and hemorrhage and metastasis of the third ventricle were occurred inone case.Shallow lobulated tumor was occurred in the pineal region forone case,which MRI features included slightly low signal on T1 WI,equal or higher signal on T2 WI,with obvious enhancement and peripheral cystic change.There was one case in the sella area with slight high density on CT routine scan,and on MRI,slight equal signal on T1 WI,equal or higher signal on T2 WI.The pituitary stalk was involved with thickening.Tumor in suprasellar region was obviously enhanced,with a small uniformity enhancement nodule in the mouth of corpus callosum.4 cases were occurred in the abdominal and pelvic cavity,shallow lobulated tumors with varying degrees of necrosis were found on CT with infiltrating growth and slight to moderate enhancement,and swollen lymph nodes were found in retroperitoneal and mesenteric root areas.Conclusion Extragonadal primary seminoma is rare,there are some characteristic imaging findings,which contributes to improve diagnosis accuracy when combining with clinical data.

Objective To assess the clinical therapeutic effects and safety of Jiangtang Shuxin decoction (JTSXD) on diabetic patients complicated with chronic heart failure (CHF),and to search for its possible function mechanisms.Methods A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted,80 diabetic patients complicated with CHF [New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class Ⅱ-Ⅲ] admitted into the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) or of Cardiology in Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Youjiang National Medical College from October 2015 to September 2016 were enrolled,they were assigned to an observation group and a control group by randomized method with a computer,and finally 77 patients (39 cases in observation group and 38 cases in control group) completed this trial.The patients in control group received standardized routine western medical treatment,while the observation group was additionally administered JTSXD (including ingredients:astragalus 15 g,ginseng 10 g,radix ophiopogonis 15 g,radix rehmanniae 15 g,comus 10 g,rhizome coptidis 8 g,peach kernel 10 g,salvia mitiorrhiza 10 g,magnoliaceae 10 g,yam 15 g) on the basis of conventional therapy.The therapeutic course for all the patients in both groups was 2 months.Before and after treatment,the 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) was assessed;the TCM syndrome accumulated scores of the two groups were calculated;the left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV),the left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF),the stroke volume (SV),the cardiac output (CO),and the maximum blood flow velocity of early diastolic/atrium late diastolic (E/A) were detected by echocardiography.The serum levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) and plasma B type brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were tested with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA);the level changes of total cholesterol (TC),triglyeride (TG),high density lipoprotein cholesteral (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesteral (LDL-C) were observed.Results Compared with the control group,after treatment in the observed group,the TCM syndrome score of palpitation,fatigue and thetotal accumulated score were all obviously decreased (palpitation score:0.9 ± 0.4 vs.1.2 ± 0.8,fatigue score:1.1 ± 0.7 vs.1.7 ± 0.8,total accumulated score:4.8 ± 1.2 vs.8.1 ± 1.8,all P ＜ 0.05);the LVEDV,the serum levels of HbA1c,Ang Ⅱ and BNP were also obviously decreased in the observed group [LVEDV (mL):136.28 ± 17.52 vs.158.82 ± 19.03,HbA1c (％):6.11±0.36 vs.6.89 ±0.32,Ang Ⅱ (ng/L):66.48 ± 17.64 vs.84.55 ± 20.39,BNP (μg/L):138.45 ± 87.55 vs.219.14±88.83,all P ＜ 0.05];The 6MWD,LVEF,SV,CO and E/A were all increased plainly in the observed group [6MWD (m):470.47 ± 79.66 vs.428.46 ± 88.56,LVEF:0.51 ±0.05 vs.0.46 ± 0.04,SV (mL):55.36 ± 2.88 vs.50.32±2.76,CO (L/min):5.74±0.91 vs.4.92±0.74,E/A:1.18±0.27 vs.0.83±0.28,all P ＜ 0.05].The degrees of decreased levels in TC,TG,LDL-C and the degrees of increased levels of HDL-C in observed group were superior to those of the control group,but there were no statistical significant differences (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion JTSXD shows good therapeutic effect and safety for treatment of diabetic patients accompanied by CHF (NYHA functional class Ⅱ-Ⅲ),and its mechanisms may be related to its regulation of glucose (reduction of HbA1c level),correction of lipid metabolism disorders,improvement of myocardial energy supply,inhibition of the activation of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and the secretion of BNP.

Objective To retrospectively evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of brentuximab vedotin(BV) combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of malignant lymphoma. Methods We collected the data of 32 lymphoma patients with CD30-positive status, including 14 cases of Hodgkin's lymphomas, 2 cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, and 16 cases of mature T/NK cell lymphomas. Chemotherapy combined with BV was administered to all patients for a minimum of two cycles. The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated according to Lugano criteria every two cycles. Results Complete response rate and overall response rate after four cycles of treatment were 22% and 50%, respectively. Sixteen cases (50.0%) had grades 1 and 2 toxicity, and 16 cases (50.0%) had grade 3 toxicity or higher. The most common adverse events were neutropenia (50.0%), pneumonia (46.9%), and anemia (43.8%). The most common grade 3 or higher adverse events were pneumonia (18.8%) and febrile neutropenia (12.5%). Four patients discontinued brentuximab vedotin because of severe adverse events. Conclusion BV is effective in treating relapsed and refractory CD30- positive Hodgkin's lymphoma and peripheral T-cell lymphoma, and its overall safety is acceptable.

Objective: To review the clinical data of patients who underwent maxillary and mandibular reconstruction with vascularized fibula osteomycutaneous flap, using virtual surgery planning. Methods: From January 2012 to December 2016, 23 patients with mandibular defect and 2 patients with maxillary defect were treated in our department. In virtual surgery planning, the optimal osteotomy line and angle were designed. Segmental maxillectomy and mandibulectomy, as well as mandibular reconstruction were performed using guided templates to practice the virtual planning.Actual reconstruction results were compared with those of virtual surgery. Results: Among the 25 patients, 2 patients were repaired with the ipsilateral fibula myocutaneous flap, 22 patients were lateral fibula myocutaneous flap. One case of maxillary type Ⅱd defect was repaired with left fibular muscle flap. All patients were followed up for 12 to 48 months. Satisfied bony unions and occlusion were observed in 25 patients.All patients reported excellent or good facial appearance. One of them received dental implants at 1 year postoperatively. Conclusions An ideal contour of maxilla and mandible can be obtained using vascularized fibula osteomycutaneous flap in virtual surgery.