[Objective] To study the diagnosis and treatment of children atlanto-axial subluxation(CAAS).[Method]The clinical and pre-and posttreatment imaginological materials of 24 CAAS were reviewed and analyzed.There were 13 males and 11 females with average age 7.8 years(range:8 months-16 years).Pre-and posttreatment mouth-open cervical anterior-posterior and lateral X-ray films were taken for all cases,cervical 3D-CT and MRI were made if needed.Lateral and rotational displacement of CAAS could reveal in mouth-open cervical anterior-posterior radiographs,while thickness of post-pharyngeal soft tissue could show in lateral X-ray films.Simple fixation with neck band and analgesic were used to treat cases with mild neck pain and torticollis less than 1 week.Mandibulooccipital belt traction and analgesic were taken for treatment of the cases with sign and symptom more than 1 week.For cases with anterior displacement,the displacement should be reduced then immobilized with head trunk cast or brace for 6 weeks.Cases with symptoms lasted for 1-3 months should be treated with halo-torse plastic vest traction.And atlanto-axial fusion should be applied for cases with symtoms lasting more than 3 months.[Result]All cases were followed-up for 8 months to 2 years with average 1 year 4 months.Post-treatment radiographs showed odentoid process of axis centrally located and a normal bilateral atlas-dens intervals,as well as CT scanning revealed normal axial anterior space.There were normal cervical motion without residual deformity and no recurrence of CAAS.[Conclusion]Mouth-open anterior-posterior radiograph is an ideal measure for early diagnosis of CAAS and CT scanning is choiceable for doubtful cases.Non-surgical treatment is main therapy for CAAS while posterior bone graft fusion of atlanto-axial joint is selective method for non-reducible cases.

The abnormal expression of gastrins and their receptors have close relationship with the occurrenceand the development of some colorectal neoplasms.The high expression of gastrins and their receptors promote colorectal neoplasms cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis.The biological behavior is mainly rely on the abnormal expression of protein.Using differential proteomics can screen differential expression protein of high expression of gastrin-based colorectal neoplasms in the occurrence and development process,and then with the regulation of specific proteins to achieve the prevention and treatment of colorectal neoplasms purposes.

Objective To observe the student's endocrine metabolism in senior high school during different periods.Methods 328 senior middle school students in different periods were investigated and the blood concentration of adrenaline(N),norepinephrine(NE),cortisol(CS),interleukin-2(IL-2),interleukin-6(IL-6)were measured by radioimmunoassay and Magnetic Solid Phase Separation-Enzyme Immunoassay,and at the same time,students in vocational high school were contrasted.Results As the university entrance examination was coming,the values of N,NE and CS were apparently rising,while the values of IL-2 and IL-6 were going down.The biodifferences.Grade Two and Grade One(t=1.96～2.52,P＜0.05).Grade Two and the control(t=3.53～4.20,P＜0.01)were different significantly,while Grade one and the control had no obvsious difference(t=1.18～1.92,P＞0.05).Conclusion N,NE,CS of the senior hish school students in Grade Three were higher,while IL-2and IL-6 were lower than that of the Grade Two.

Cancer stem cells located in specific microenvironment,that play an important role in the proliferation and metastasis of tumor cells.Hypoxia is one of the important features of tumor tissue microenvironment.A series of studies results show that the hypoxic microenvironment of tumor stem cells could promote tumor metastasis,which provides new clues for understanding tumor pathogenesis and tumors treatment.

AIM To explore the protection effect of Blood-Replenishing Capsule (BRC) on hypoxic animals in order to lower the rate of altitude stress. METHODS Comparison of BRC on survival time of mice under ordinary pressure and chemical hypoxia were observed and the oxygen consumption was measured. RESULTS BRC-obviously prolonged the survival time of hypoxic mice, reduced the oxygen consumption and increased the hemoglobin (Hb) content in the bloods.Mouse brain's SOD was obviously higher and MDA concetration remarkable lower in BRC groups than those in control groups. CONCLUSION BRC shows remarkable effect on hypoxia tolerance in mice.

Objective To clarify the morphological features,types,regional distributions and cell densities of gastrointestinal endocrine cells in various parts of the digestive tracts of Canis lupus and Canis familiaris. Methods Immunohistochemical techniques of streptavidin-peroxidase(SP) method was used. Results Seven kinds of gastrointestinal endocrine cells were found positive in the digestive tracts of Canis lupus and Canis familiaris.The endocrine cells were mainly located between the epithelia cells of gastric gland,intestinal villus and intestinal gland.There were also some endocrine cells distributed in the lamina propria and submucosa.The endocrine cells found in the digestive tract were in various shapes.Most of the endocrine cells had long cell processes run ning out to the lumen or the nearby cells.Among these endocrine cells,5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) positive cells had a widest distribution,followed by vasointestinal poplypetide(VIP) positive cells.The distributions of other cells were limited.From the comparison of the characters of endocrine cells of Canis lupus and Canis familiaris,most of the endocrine cells had similar morphological features and regional distributions except pancreatic polypeptide(PP) positive cells and substance P(SP) positive cells.There were differences in cell densities of some endocrine cells.Conclusion The results of Canis lupus and Canis familiaris reflect the similarity of mammals in the characteristics of the morphological features,types,regional distributions and cell densities of gastrointestinal endocrine cells,as well as the similarity in digestive physiology of canine animals.At the same time,the results of Canis lupus also exhibit characteristics of gastrointestinal endocrine cells of wild animals.

BACKGROUND:Fluorouracil is a basic chemotherapy drug for gastric cancer, and its drug resistance is commonly seen in clinic. Cancer stem cels have low sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs, which may be an important cause of tumor recurrence and progression folowing chemotherpay. OBJECTIVE: To explore the sensitivity of gastric cancer stem cels to 5-fluorouracil and related biology mechanism underlying multidrug resistance. METHODS: Stem cel marker CD44 and multidrug resistance protein thymidylate synthase in 69 cases of gastric cancer tissues were tested by immunohistochemical staining. The selection strategy was based on the clonal morphology, and gastric cancer stem cels were isolated from human gastric cancer cel line AGS to detect the expression of CD44 and thymidylate synthase and the self renewing ability. Inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of 5-fluorouracil in different AGS cel clone was detected using cel counting kit-8. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In 69 cases of gastric cancer tissues, the positive expression rates of thymidylate synthase and CD44 were 57% (39/69) and 61% (42/69), respectively, and there was a positive correlation between the expression of CD44 and thymidylate synthase (Kappa=0.41,χ2=11.59,P < 0.05). Cloning efficiency of the AGS cel line was 39% (29/69), wherein, vice cloning, secondary cloning, and ful clone proportions were 17% (5/29), 69% (20/29), 14% (4/29), respectively. After sub-cloning, the clone was digested using trysin folowed by low-density passage; vice clones were unable to passage, secondary clones could only passage a few, and ful clones could serialy passage. After treatment with different concentrations of 5-fluorouracil, the ful clone growth inhibition rate was significantly lower than that of secondary clones and AGS cels (P < 0.05). These findings show that gastric cancer stem cels are less sensitive to 5-fluorouracil, indicating the cels have a resistance to chemotherapy drugs, which may be one of the chemotherapy resistance mechanisms in the clinical treatment of gastric cancer.

Reversible protein phosphorylation regulates multiple biochemical events. Mycobacterium tuberculosis phosphatases play important roles in regulating the pathogen physiology and interference of host signaling. They are also involved in the evasion of host immune response and blockage of the phagosome-lysosome fusion. Selective inhibition of phosphatase represents an ideal new avenue of anti-tuberculosis drug design. In this paper, we update the progresses about the regulation network of Mycobacterium tuberculosis phosphatases including MptpA, MptpB, MstP, SapM and their inhibitors. These serve as the basis for further antituberculosis drug target.

Objective To investigate the effects of morphine dependence and withdrawal on neurosteroids and amino acid transmitters of rat amygdala. Methods Morphine dependence was induced by pretreatment with increasing doses of morphine for 7 days. Withdrawal was precipitated by naloxone (2mg/kg). Withdrawal syndromes were observed and scored. After decapitation, amygdala was dissected out. Nomadic and conjugated neurosteroids were extracted using liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase extraction. Concentrations of neurosteroids including dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), pregnenolone (PREG), allopregnanolone (AP), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and pregnenolone sulfate (PREGS) were detected with HPLC-MS. Concentrations of glycine (GLY), glutamate (GLU) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were quantitated by HPLC-ECD with pre-column OPA derivatization. Results Compared with saline control, the DHEA level in rat amygdala of morphine dependent group decreased by 33% (P＜0.01). Compared with naloxone control, the PREG and AP levels in rat amygdala of morphine withdrawal group increased by 45% (P＜0.05) and 42% (P＜0.05) respectively; the GABA level decreased by 18% (P＜0.01). Compared with morphine dependent group, the PREG and PREGS levels in rat amygdala of morphine withdrawal group increased by 60% and 40% respectively (P＜0.05); the glycine level decreased by 14% (P＜0.05). Conclusion The DHEA in rat amygdala may play a role in the development of morphine dependence but not involved in the manifestation of withdrawal symptoms. Other neurosteroids (including PREG, AP and PREGS) in rat amygdala seem to be involved in withdrawal but not in dependence. The synthesis and release of inhibitory amino acids in amygdala were depressed when withdrawal was precipitated by naloxone. The results suggest that different changes of neurosteroids and amino acids exist in stages of morphine dependence and withdrawal.

Aim To investigate the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA)on the levels of NR2B and GBR1 expressed in primary cultured rat cerebral cortical neurons.Methods Primary cultured rat cerebral cortical neurons were treated with DHEA of different concentrations (1,10,100 μmol·L~(-1))and the expression of amino acids receptor subunit NR2B and GBR1 were detected by immunocytochemistry.Results Compared with control group,the expression intensity of NR2B increased by 15.6%,19.9% and 49.4% after DHEA-L,DHEA-M and DHEA-H treatment(P<0.05 or P<0.01);the expression intensity of GBR1 increased by 14.5% and 58.5% after DHEA-M and DHEA-H treatment(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion DHEA can enhance the expression of neuron receptor subunit NR2B and GBR1.