Endothelialcellsarethecellsliningtheinnersurfacesofbloodvessels.Theybuildupasinglecell layer and play an important role in the regulation of vascular functions and the maintenance of homeostasis .The activation or injury of endothelial cells is associated with multiple diseases , including hypertension , atherosclerosis, cancer, diabe-tes, etc.Recent studies have found that microparticles are involved in the process of endothelial cell injury , thus playing a part in the development of many diseases .miRNAs enfolded in the microparticles have become importance in recent years . Moreover , recent studies also found that the concentration of the miRNAs enfolded in the microvesicles is higher than that of the miRNAs in the plasma , which means that the microparticles are the main form of miRNAs present in peripheral circula -tory system.This article is to review the recent research progress in microparticle-encapsulated miRNAs and their regulatory effect on endothelial cell injury .

Polysaccharide in Patrinia scabra Bunge. was determined by spectrophotometry at 490nm,with phenol-concentrated suIfuric acid as the color developer. The content of polysaccharide was found to be 1. 50%

Objective To identify the possible risk factors for esophageal delayed bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection ( ESD ) of early esophageal carcinoma and precancerous lesions. Methods Data of 281 patients with early esophageal carcinoma and precancerous lesions treated by ESD were reviewed. Risk factors for esophageal delayed bleeding were investigated by univariate analysis and logistic multivariable regression analysis. Results Esophageal delayed bleeding occurred in 22 patients ( 7. 83%) . Univariate analysis showed there was significant difference between delayed bleeding group and non?delayed bleeding group in regard of age ( P=0. 046 ) , lesion size ( P=0. 013 ) , and lesion infiltration depth( P<0. 001 ) . Together with three factors above, the intraoperative bleeding ( P=0. 068 ) was also analyzed by Logistic multivariable regression analysis which showed only infiltration depth was the independent risk factor of early esophageal carcinoma and precancerous lesions treated by ESD( P=0. 002, OR=6. 88,95%CI:1. 07?39. 28) . Conclusion Patients older than 60 years and diameters more than 3 cm might be prone to delayed bleeding, but the direct factor is infiltration depth. The deeper lesions infiltrate, the delayed bleeding is more likely to occur.

Objective To assess the effect of intraarterial washout with UW solution and tanshinone Ⅱ A for skeletal muscle preservation during ischemia and reperfusion.Methods Ischemic rat limbs were perfused with UW solution or UW solution plus tanshinone Ⅱ A (0.05,0.1 and 0.2 mg/ml) for 0.5 h before reperfusion; controls received no perfusion.Serum CPK,LDH,and AST were measured pre-ischemia and after reperfusion (2 h,4 h,and 6 h).Muscle water content,MDA,SOD,ATPase were assessed pre-reperfusion and after 6 h reperfusion.ICAM-1 was detected after 6 h reperfusion.Results Intraarterial washout with UW and UW + T could inhibit the express of ICAM-1 in skeletal muscle.The serum levels of CPK,AST,and LDH in UW group were significant lower than those in control group after 2 h of reperfusion,but no difference was observed between UW group and control group after 4 h and 6 h of reperfusion.After 4 h of ischemia,there were significant differences in water content,MDA,SOD,and ATPase in skeletal muscle between UW group and control group,but no difference was found after 6 h of reperfusion.In contrast,all parameters of laboratory test and biochemical analyzing in UW + T(0.05,0.10,and 0.20 mg/ml) groups were significantly different from those in control group at corresponding reperfusion period.Conclusion Intraarterial washout with UW solution is effective in preserving skeletal muscle integrity against I/R insult.Tanshinone Ⅱ A as a beneficial adjunct to UW solution improves the protective effect of UW solution for ischemic skeletal muscle.To better preserve ischemic skeletal muscle,an appropriate dose of tanshinone Ⅱ A (0.1 or 0.2 mg/ml)added to UW solution is required.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of atorvastafin intensive treatment before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and its affects on serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8.Methods Sixty ACS patients were divided into observation group and control group according to different treatment with 30 cases each.Control group received conventional therapy,while observation group was added with atorvastafin intensive treatment before PCI on the basis of conventional therapy.The serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels were detected before PCI at 24 h,3 d and 6 months after surgery,and the occurrence of cardiac adverse events were observed within 30 days after surgery.Results The serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels between observation group and control group had no statistical differences before surgery (P＞ 0.05).The serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group at 24 h,3 d and 6 months after surgery,respeclively [ IL-6:( 11.56 ± 4.95 )ng/L vs.(20.24 ± 8.67) ng/L,(8.51 ± 3.65) ng/L vs.( 18.83 ± 8.07 ) ng/L,(5.60 ± 2.40) ng/L vs.( 10.02 ±4.29) ng/L;IL-8:(50.34 ± 21.57) ng/L vs.(74.50 ± 31.93) ng/L,(30.80 ± 13.20) ng/L vs.(53.30 ± 22.84)ng/L,( 26.00 ± 11.14 ) ng/L vs.( 40.61 ± 17.40 ) ng/L ] ( P ＜ 0.05 ).There was no cardiac adverse event in observation group within 30 days after surgery.There was 1 case who occurred angina pectoris at 16 days after PCI in control group,and the syrnptoms disappeared after emergency treatment.Conclusions The atorvastatin intensive treatment before PCI can effectively decrease the levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in ACS patients and has the effects of anti-inflammatory and protecting myocardium from damage.

Objective To study effect of general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia on analgesia and microcirculation in patients undergoing total hysterectomy. Methods 92 patients of total hysterectomy who received therapy were selected, according to random number table,those patients were divided into the observation group (n=42) and the control group (n=48),the observation group received general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia, the control group were only given general anesthesia.The operation condition, hemodynamics and stress response before anesthesia(T0), at tracheal intubation(T1), after pneumoperitoneum 10min(T2), after surgery(T3), at extubation(T4) were compared,and postoperative pain (VAS) score was compared. Results There was no significant difference in operation time and fluid volume between the two groups. In the control group,the levels of mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) at the time of T1, T2, T3 were significantly increased(P<0.05), the levels of MAP and HR at the time of T1,T2,T3 in the observation group were lower than the control group(P<0.05). The cortisol (Cor), epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE) at the time of T1,T2,T3,T4 in the observation group were lower than the control group(P<0.05). Two groups of patients in the postoperative 12h, 6h, the VAS scores in the resting state and cough state were higher than the postoperative 1h(P<0.05),but the scores in the observation group were lower than the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion General anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia is well for total hysterectomy,which can maintain hemodynamic stability during surgery, relieve stress reaction, alleviate postoperative pain, it is worthy of application and promotion.

[Objective]To discuss and analyze the effect of the treatment of high-energy Pilon fractures.[Method]Twenty-four patients with R?edi-Allgower type Ⅱ and Ⅲ Pilon fractures(Ⅱ=14,Ⅲ=10) were treated by open reduction and internal fixation.Ten cases were combined with external fixation.Sixteen cases were treated by bone transplantation(spongy bone=10,big pieces of ilium=6).[Result]From June 2003 to December 2007,the restoration of fractures with Burwell-Charnley system was:excellent=16,good=8;the function of ankle joint with Mazur system was evaluated:excellent=12,good=10,fair=2.[Conclusion]In the time of treating Ruedi-Allgower type Ⅱ and Ⅲ Pilon fractures,the bone transplantation with big pieces of ilium is effective to solve the serious bone loss,strengthen the internal fixation and exercise ankle joint earlier.

Objective To investigate the effect of activation of protein kinase B(PKB) and Caspase-9 signal transduction pathway of human gastric cancer cells on the cell growth and chemosensitivity to etoposide.Methods The gastric cancer cells SGC7901 were treated with etoposide or etoposide plus PKB inhibitor Wortmannin at different time.The growth rates of gastric cancer cells SGC7901 and their sensitivity to etoposide were examined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2,1)-2,5 diphanytetrazolium(bromide) assay.Apoptosis of gastric cancer cells was(detected) by flow cytometry.PKB activity was measured by(immunoprecipitation.) Caspase-3 expression and Caspase-9 activity were determined by Western bolt analysis.Results Etoposide induced apoptosis of SGC7901 cells and inhibited its survival effectively,which was much(weaker) 12 h after treatment.PKB(activity) became higher gradually,and Caspase-3 expression,Caspase-9(activity) significantly reduced at 12 h treated with etoposide.(Conversely),after pretreated with Wortmannin,PKB activity remarkably(reduced,) and Caspase-3(expression),Caspase-9 activity markedly increased.(Wortmannin) suppressed growth and potentiated (apoptosis) caused by etoposide.Potentiation of apoptosis by Wortmannin(correlated) with etoposide-induced PKB and Caspase-9 phosphorylation.Conclusions PKB and Caspase-9 signal transduction pathway promotes(human) gastric cancer cells survival and resistance to(chemotherapy.) PKB inhibitor can enhance sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to chemotherapy.

BacKground:Human pancreatic cancer is a highIy maIignant tumor of digestive system. CurrentIy,gemcitabine based conventionaI chemotherapy has onIy very Iimited efficacy on metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Studies have shown that thymoquinone has remarkabIe effect of inhibiting proIiferation and enhancing apoptosis on a variety of cancer ceIIs. Aims:To investigate the effect and mechanism of thymoquinone on inhibiting the migration and invasion of human pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 ceIIs in vitro. Methods:Human pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 ceIIs were conventionaIIy cuItured and treated with different concentrations of thymoquinone. The migration and invasion of BxPC-3 ceIIs were determined by Boyden chamber assay. The expressions of FAK,Akt and phosphoryIation of Akt were measured by Western bIotting,and immunofIuorescence was used to detect expression of FAK,focaI adhesions and F-actin. Results:The inhibitory rates of 10,25μmoI/L thymoquinone on migration of BxPC-3 ceIIs were 43. 4% and 73. 8%,respectiveIy,and the inhibitory rates of invasion were 60. 5% and 75. 6%,respectiveIy. The reduction of migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 ceIIs by thymoquinone was in a dose-dependent manner( P < 0. 05 ). Thymoquinone obviousIy down-reguIated the expression of FAK and suppressed the phosphoryIation of Akt in BxPC-3 ceIIs. Thymoquinone induced the dispersed distribution of FAK in cytopIasm and inhibited the formation of focaI adhesions and assembIy of F-actin. Conclusions:Thymoquinone inhibits the migration and invasion of human pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 ceIIs in a dose-dependent manner in vitro through suppression of FAK/PI3K/Akt signaIing pathway and activity of kinase.

BACKGROUND: Myogenetic seed cells are the fundamental for construction of tissue-engineered smooth muscle, and optimizing the amplification of seed cells is the key in further clinical application. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the myogenetic potential of rabbit adipose-derived stromal cells induced with the combination of MyoD, transforming growth factor β1 and 5-azacytidine, and to investigate a new way to induce cells. METHODS: The rabbit abdominal fats were isolated and then the adipose-derived stromal cells were separated by col agenase digestion method for myogenetic induction with different methods: 5-azacytidine induction group, MyoD+transforming growth factor β1 induction group, 5-azacytidine+MyoD+transforming growth factor β1 combination induction group. The blank control group was set. The morphological characteristics of cells were observed at 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 and 28 days after induction, and the col agen type Ⅲ level were detected with 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the other groups, the cel activity was higher in the combination induction group and reached peak at 16 days after induction, the number and volume of myotubes were increased at 20 days with regular arrangement, and desmin showed strong expression. Cel cycle showed the ratio of adipose-derived stromal cells in the DNA replication phase was increased in the combination induction group, the ratio of cells in the clearance period was decreased; the level of col agen type Ⅲ was increased significantly, and the difference was significant. The results indicate that 5-azacytidine combined with multiple factors can promote the differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells into myoblasts with significant cel proliferation, which is considered as the ideal method to in vitro induction of myoblasts.