Objective To summarize our experience on the treatment for severe vascular injuries in the operation of great saphenous varicose vein. Methods The clinical data of 4 cases (5 lower limbs) from December 2004 to April 2009 of severe vascular injuries were retrospectively analyzed. For the lower limbs in which from the end of femoral artery to the upper part of posterior tibial artery were stripped, reconstruction operation using blood vessel prothesis was performed, above knee amputation was performed because of limb gangrene. For three limbs in which 10 cm to 15 cm superficial femoral artery were stripped, reconstruction operation using autologous saphenous vein were performed, above knee amputation was performed for one limb 5 days after the operation. For the limb in which 2 cm superficial femoral vein were cut, reconstruction operation using autologous saphenous vein were performed. Results No cases died perioperatively,for four limbs of injuried artery, ampution were performed for two limbs(50% ) ;two limbs (50%) were saved. The patient of injuried superficial femoral vein recovered. Conclusions Severe vascular injuries can be prevented and its incidence reduced by improving the awareness for iatrogenic vascular injuries,accurate operation; once the vascular injury occurred, prompt and rational measures must be adopted.

Low back pain is an important cause of disability worldwide. It has a high incidence rate and brings a huge burden to families and society. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is one of the leading factors causing low back pain and the pathological basis of degenerative disc diseases, such as intervertebral disc herniation and spinal stenosis. However, the etiology of IDD is complex, and the risk factors and specific mechanisms behind remain unclear. Some controversial views have also been observed. Surgery is often considered for patients with severe intervertebral disc diseases, but there is no effective treatment for IDD at the early and middle stages. It will be of great significance to in-depth explore the molecular biological mechanisms and related risk factors, which can bring benefits to the prevention, accurate diagnosis, early treatment, and rehabilitation of degenerative disc diseases. Refer to the literatures published in the past ten years, this paper describes the latest research progress on risk factors related to IDD in terms of aging, genetics, mechanical loading, low-grade infection, biological rhythms, smoking, metabolic disease, estrogen, and nutrition. The results show that IDD is affected by multiple risk factors. These factors can interact with each other, and lead to death, phenotypic transformation, and metabolic disorder of disc cells, leading to a reduction of extracellular matrix and an unbalanced microenvironment and eventually loss of structural integrity of intervertebral disc tissue and IDD. A good body clock, a controlled weight, an appropriate blood glucose level, adequate nutrition, no smoking, a good hormone level, moderate exercise, avoiding injury, and strict aseptic techniques in the clinic will bring benefits to the progress of IDD.

Objective This study was to investigate the computed tomography(CT)features differentiating tuberculous spondyli-tis from pyogenic spondylitis.Methods The CT features in 32 patients with tuberculous spondylitis and 30 patients with pyogenic spondylitis were retrospectively reviewed,and statistically analyzed.Results In 32 cases of tuberculous spondylitis,71 vertebra were involved.In 30 cases of pyogenic spondylitis,59 vertebra were involved.The incidence of thoracic vertebra involvement in tuberculous spondylitis was 60.56% (43/71),which was higher than that in pyogenic spondylitis (25.42%,1 5/59)(P <0.05).The incidence of lumbar vertebra involvement in tuberculous spondylitis was 33.80% (24/71 ),which was lower than that in pyogenic spondylitis (61.02%,36/59)(P <0.05).The incidence of the worm-eaten type of bone destruction in tuberculous spondylitis was 9.90% (7/71),which was lower than that in pyogenic spondylitis (44.07%,26/59)(P <0.05).The incidence of the fragmentary type of bone destruction in tuberculous spondylitis was 1 9.72%(14/71 ),which was higher than that of in pyogenic spondylitis (3.39%,2/59) (P <0.05).The incidence of large osteosclerosis in tuberculous spondylitis was 52.1 1%(37/71),which was higher than that in pyo-genic sp-ondylitis (22.03%,13/59),(P <0.05).The incidence of the involved vertebral height on sagital CT scan (less than the 1/2 of the normal vertebral height)in tuberculous spondylitis was 1 6.9% (12/71),which was lower than that in pyogenic spondylits (62.71%,37/59)(P <0.05).The incidence of patchy high density shadow in tuberculous spondylitis was 50.7% (36/71 ),which was higher than that in pyoge-nic spondylitis (20.34%,12/59)(P <0.05.)The incidence of the involvement of the appendages in tu-berculous spondylitis was 25.35% (18/71),which was higher than that in pyogenic spondylitis (8.47%,5/59)(P <0.05).The inci-dence of paravertebral abnormal soft tissue with calcification in tuberculous spondylitis was 60.00%(18/30),which was higher than that in pyogenic spondylitis(20.00%,5/25 )(P < 0.05 ).Conclusion Tuberculous spondylitis and pyogenic spondylitis have some characteristic imaging features,combined with the clinical signs differentiation diagnosis can be made each other.

Objective To investigate the clinical applications of sandwich technique according to area calculation in endovascular aneurysm repair of patients with aorta and iliac artery lesions.Methods Six patients with aortoiliac artery disease confirmed by CT were treated using sandwich technique according to area calculation.The diameter of the main stent and two branches stents were chosen according to the area calculation.Technical success rate,patency of the stent graft and complications were observed.Results Technical success rate was 100％ (6/6),and no complications occurred in all the 6 patients.The clinical symptoms were significantly improved.Gutter endoleak was found in 1 patient 2 months after the procedure,and was managed by coil embolization successfully.No endoleak occurred in other patients during follow-up of 6-31 months.Conclusion For patients with special anatomy of aorta and iliac artery lesions,the application of area calculation in the sandwich technique provides a feasible approach in choosing the matching size of the main body stent and two side branches stents.

ObjectiveTo evaluate prognosis and its clinical factors in patients with primary pontine hemorrhage. Methods Patients with primary pontine hemorrhage who were hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College within 24 hours after stroke onset between April 2007 and April 2009 were registered conscutively. The patients were followed up for one year. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to analyze survival rate. Cox proportional hazards model was used to study risk factors for 1-year mortality. ResultsA total of 41 patients with primary pontine hemorrhage were studied. Their mean age was (63.5 ± 10. 1 ) years.The overall 1-year mortality rate was 61.0％, the median survival time was (80. 0 ±54.4) days (95％ CI 0-186. 64). After one-year follow-up, the mortality rate in patients with primary dorsal pontine hemorrhage( 18.2％ ) was significantly lower than that in patients with primary ventral pontine hemorrhage(72. 7％ ; x2 = 8. 800, P = 0. 003 ). Patients with massive primary pontine hemorrhage had significantly higher mortality rate than patients with dorsal primary pontine hemorrhage( x2 = 8. 927, P =0. 003). The average hematoma volume of the survivor group and mortality group was (3. 043 ± 1. 718) ml and (5. 984 ± 2. 707) ml, respectively, showing statistical significance (t = 3. 661, P = 0. 001 ). Analysis with Cox proportional hazards model showed that the risk factors associated with mortality were hematoma location ( RR = 2. 428, 95 ％ CI 1. 055-5. 587 ), hematoma volume ( RR = 1. 283, 95 ％ CI 1. 044-1. 577 ),GCS score on admission(RR =3. 389, 95％ CI 1. 177-9. 756). Patients with pontine hematomas in dorsal had a significantly better outcome than in other locations.Conclusions The survival and prognosis in primary dorsal pontine hemorrhage are better than with hemorrhaging in other parts of pontine. A significant correlation was observed between poor prognosis and hematoma volume, hematoma location and GCS score on admission.

Objective To explore the relationship between the CHADS2 score and short-term prognosis in acute ischemic stroke patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Methods Consecutive ischemic stroke patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who were hospitalized within 7 days after stroke were registered.Patients were divided into 3 groups on the basis of CHADS2 pre-stroke score (0 to 1,2,3to 6).And recovery was assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3 months follow-up (mRS ≤ 2reflected good prognosis,and mRS ≥ 5 implicated unfavorable outcome).After screening the risk factors affecting prognosis using univariate analysis,the relationship between CHADS2 score and prognosis was estimated using logistic regression model.Results Of 203 patients enrolled,the CHADS2 score of 0-1,2,3-6 were present in 72,53 and 78 respectively.Patients with the higher CHADS2 score had a higher initial NIHSS score (9.8,12.6,13.0,F =3.404,P =0.008 ),more likely to receive nosocomial pulmonary infection( 12.5％,34.0％,39.7％,x2 =14.643,P =0.001 ),negatively related to good prognosis (x2 =28.542,P =0.000 ) and positively related to unfavorable outcome ( x2 =23.575,P =0.000 ).Logistic regression model results suggested that CHADS2 score was an independent predictor of good prognosis and unfavorable outcome. Compared with CHADS2 score 3-6, CHADS2 score 0-1 was independently associated with good prognosis ( OR =5.018,95 ％ CI 2.055-12.560 ).And compared with CHADS2 score 0-1,CHADS2 score 3-6 was independently associated with unfavorable outcome ( OR =6.197,95％ CI1.670-22.996 ).Conclusions CHADS2 pre-stroke score appears to be useful in prediction of stroke outcome for patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.After acute ischemic stroke,the patients with the lower CHADS2 score (0-1) are more likely to achieve good prognosis,inversely,the patients with the higher CHADS2 score (3-6) are more likely to achieve unfavorable outcome.

Objective To observe the influence of chitosan on the skin and soft tissue expansion.Methods Twenty-five patients were selected,who were suitable to be embedded soft tissue expanders in the face,a 100-milliliter expander was implanted in one side of the face,and other side was used as control.A 100-milliliter expander was implanted in each group,and a slender silicon duct was embedded between the expander and subcutaneous tissue in the experimental group.About five to seven days after the operation,the negative drainage tube was removed,and then two-milliliter medical chitosan injected with the silicon duct in the experimental group,but not in the control group.Two groups were injected with normal saline in the second day.The center of expanded skin was pressed and skin elasticity and relaxation were compared between the two groups during the injection interval.The time of injection interval,the quantity of normal saline inside the expanders after two weeks and three weeks and the total time of expansion to 100 milliliters were recorded.After injection was completed in the two groups and maintained for two weeks.In the stage Ⅱ operation,the expanders were taken out,1 cm × 1 cm fibropeplos was removed from the center of the expanded skin flap from the two groups,and pathological section was prepared to measure the thickness of fibropeplos,average gray scale of collagen and the quantity of blood capillaries.The fibroblasts,collagen fiber and capillaries were observed and compared under light microscope.A matched-pairs t analysis was used to analyze the data.Results Compared with the control group,the quantity of normal saline inside the expanders in the experimental group was increased at the same time; the water injection period was shorten and tissue expansion was significantly accelerated.The number of fibroblasts in the fibropeplos decreased with the influence of chitosan.The fibroblasts were restrained to mature period and collegan decreased.The fibropeplos became thinner but the capillaries were not affected.Conclusions Chitoson can inhibit fibroblast proliferation and collagen production,and the effect of accelerating tissue expansion is significant and deserves to be recommended.

Objective To investigate the application and clinical outcomes of anterolateral thigh perforator flap bridging different superficial circumflex iliac artery flaps for the treatment of complex limb wound.Methods Data of 10 patients,who had undergone free tissue transfer of anterolateral thigh perforator flap bridging different superficial circumflex iliac artery flaps (iliac osteocutaneous flap,iliac crest flap and ilioinguinal flap) for the complex limb wound from March 2009 to January 2011,were retrospectively analyzed.There were 9 males and 1 female,aged from 21 to 57 years (average,39.7 years).Iliac osteocutaneous flap was used in 7 patients,iliac crest flap in 2 patients and ilioinguinal flap in 1 patient.The free tissue transfer was performed for hand reconstruction in 3 cases,foot reconstruction in 4 cases and leg reconstruction in 3 cases.The mean size of soft tissue defect was 20 cm × 9.7 cm.Results The mean size of the anterolateral thigh flap and the ilioinguinal flap was 17.8 cm×9.4 cm and 8.4 cm×4.5 cm,respectively.The mean volume of iliac crest was 5.4 cm×2.1 cm×0.8 cm,and the mean length of flow-through conduit was 10.5 cm.Except for the distal necrosis of iliac osteocutaneous flap in 1 case,which were treated by dressing change and skin grafting,the other flaps survived without complications.All patients were followed up for 6 to 36 months (average,12 months).The average bone union time was 3 months in the hand group,4 months in the foot group,and 4.5 months in the leg group.The disabilities of the arm,shoulder,and hand questionnaire score averaged 43,the mean Japanese Orthopaedic Association's foot rating scale was 71.3,and the mean Puno's functional score was 91.Donor site scars were mostly flat,pale and soft but widened in the thigh in 6 patients and in the ilioinguinal region in 3 patients,and numbness was reported in 2 patients.Conclusion In clinical situation that requires for coverage of complex and extensive limb defects,the free tissue transfer of anterolateral thigh perforator flap bridging superficial circumflex iliac artery flap is a better method,which can meet specific reconstructive demands with minimal donor site morbidity.However,a relative high risk has to be considered.

Aim To investigate Jaridonin′s selective killing of cancer cells and explore the related molecular mechanism. Methods After treatment by Jaridonin for 24 h, the effect of Jaridonin on the cell viability was examined using MTT assay. The effect of Jaridonin on cytomorphology and mitochondrial membrane poten-tial (Δψm) was observed by a fluorescence microsco-py. The apoptosis of cell lines treated with Jaridonin, as well as the level of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) was analyzed by flow cytometry. Expression of the pro-teins related with mitochondria apoptosis pathways was detected by Western blot. Results Jaridonin caused strong antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on MGC-803 cells, but there were not remarkable effects on GES-1 cells. Furthermore, the expression of Bax was up-regulated, and the release of cytochrome c from mi-tochondria to cytosol was also promoted in MGC-803 cells treated by Jaridonin. The cleavage of caspase-3 in MGC-803 cells was also observed. Jaridonin increased persistently intracellular levels of ROS in MGC-803 cells, whereas the level of ROS in GES-1 rose in the first stage, and then decreased, and dropped to the basic level after 6 h. More interestingly, Jaridonin-in-duced ROS accumulation and the inhibition of MGC-803 cell proliferation were almost completely attenuated in the presence of GSH. Conclusions Jaridonin se-lectively kills cancer cells and induces apoptosis in MGC-803 through ROS-mediated mitochondrial dam-age.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of the two arms of miR-590, miR-590-5p and miR-590-3p, on hepatoma cell proliferation and their roles in tumor development.

METHODSWe analyzed and verified the expression pattern of miR-590 in liver cancer specimens and cell lines by miRNA microarrays and QPCR. MiR-590 mimic or inhibitor was transfected into normal liver cells or liver cancer cells via liposome, and the changes in cell proliferation and survival were determined by MTT assay and soft agar colony formation assay. The target genes of miR-590-5p and miR-590-3p were predicated with Targetscan and validated by luciferase reporter system and Western blotting.

RESULTSThe expressions of miR-590-5p and miR-590-3ps were up-regulated in 3 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and their synchronization was significantly up-regulated in 8 out of 10 HCC tissues as compared with the adjacent tissues. QPCR further showed that miR-590-5p/3p was up-regulated in 3 HCC cell lines (HepG2, Hep3B, and Huh7) in comparison with the normal liver cell line L-O2. L-O2 cells over-expressing miR-590-5p and miR-590-3p exhibited significantly increased proliferation (P<0.05), while down-regulation of miR-590-5p and miR-590-3p caused significantly suppressed proliferation in HepG2, Hep3B, and Huh7 cells. Targetscan predicted PDCD4 and PTEN as the potential target genes of miR-590-5p and miR-590-3p, which was verified by luciferase reporter system and Western blotting. miR-590-3p was found to activate PI3K-AKT signaling pathway by down-regulating PTEN to promote AKT1-S473 phosphorylation.

CONCLUSIONMiR-590 is an important tumorigenic factor for HCC, and its two arms can both promote tumorigenesis by regulating the expression of their target tumor suppressor gene, PDCD4 and PTEN, to promote HCC cell proliferation and survival and activate the core tumor signal pathway PI3K-AKT.

Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; genetics ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Signal Transduction