Objective To analyze the survival time and influencing factors of HIV Infectors/AIDS patients in Wuhan from 1994-2022 and provide evidence for future prevention and control strategies.Methods Data on HIV/AIDS epidemiology and antiviral treatment were collected from 1994 to 2022 by the national HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Prevention and Control Data In-formation System.The life table method and Cox proportional hazard regression model were used to analyze survival time and its influencing factors.Results A total of 8954 patients with HIV/AIDS were followed up for 47245.4 person-years,with 1078 deaths from all causes,and the median survival time was 22.3 years.The survival rates at 1,5,10,15,and 20 years were 92.9％,88.5％,83.5％,78.7％,and 73.8％,respectively.The results of the Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis revealed that untreated,older age,unemployed,male,low literacy,native,heterosexual and injection drug transmission,being founcl by medical institution examination,and lower CD4 baseline levels were risk factors for HIV/AIDS patient survival time(untreated vs.treated,HR=13.979,95％CI:11.883-16.446;without stable occupations vs.stable occupations:HR=1.140,95％CI:1.004-1.295;locally registered residence vs.mobile patients:HR=1.682,95％CI:1.415-2.000;medical institution testing findings vs.VCT:HR=1.823,95％CI:1.421-2.339).Conclusion For risk factors such as being 50 years old and a-bove,being unemployed,having a low level of literacy,being detected by medical institutions and having a low CD4 baseline lev-el,we should improve the public's scientific understanding of HIV/AIDS through publicity and education and promote early de-tection and treatment through medical and prevention cooperation and social organization participation.Making full use of healthy big data of HIV/AIDS patients,forming multi-dimensional full-life cycle health files,providing accurate medical care for different individuals,including psychological intervention,and extending life time and improving quality of life are directions for future efforts.

Objective To assess the aMAP risk in prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in outpatients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Methods A total of 709 patients with chronic HBV infection were recruited for calculation of the aMAP scores and then stratified for HCC risk statistically. The t -test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between groups. Results Among these 709 patients, 22.4% had complicated with alcoholic liver disease, 11.8% with diabetes mellitus. 18.6% with fatty liver, 19.0% with liver cirrhosis, and 9.7% with liver cancer. Among all patients, 71.2% received oral antiviral medicine. Moreover, the highest aMAP score was 75.2 and the low, medium and high HCC risks were 70.0%, 23.1%, and 6.9% respectively in these patients. The proportion of patients with high HCC risk was higher among those with alcohol liver disease, diabetes mellitus, and liver cirrhosis than those without these complications (9.4% vs 6.2%; 11.9% vs 6.2%; and 19.3% vs 4.0%). The mean annual change in aMAP score was 0.93±2.05 in patients without antiviral treatment that was higher than -1.15±1.72 in patients with antiviral treatment ( t =39.36; P < 0.001). In addition, the proportion of these patients with high HCC risk three years before HCC diagnosis was 38.4%, 26.7%, and 33.3% respectively. The median of aMAP score was more than 50 three years before diagnosis liver cancer, data of which indicated that this change was earlier than that of AFP. Conclusion aMAP is a simple convenient marker for screening early HCC in outpatient with chronic HBV infection and complications, especially in those patients with alcohol liver disease, diabetes, and cirrhosis. Oral antiviral therapy could reduce aMAP in patients with chronic HBV infection.

Objective : To investigate the willingness to receive HIV testing in primary health service institutions (PHSIs) among young students in Wuhan City, so as to provide the evidence for improving the detection of HIV testing among young students. Methods: Fifteen PHSIs were sampled using a stratified random sampling method in 14 districts of Wuhan City, and school students at ages of 15 to 24 years were sampled from each district using a convenience sampling method. Participants' demographics, awareness of AIDS-related knowledge, HIV testing and willingness to receive HIV testing were collected using questionnaires, and factors affecting the willingness to receive HIV testing in PHSIs were identified among school students using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results : A total of 301 questionnaires were allocated, and 299 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 99.34%. The respondents included 143 men (47.83%) and 156 women (52.17%), and had a mean age of (19.36±2.40) years; there were 223 respondents with an educational level of diploma and above (74.58%). The awareness of AIDS-related knowledge was 71.57% among the respondents, and 144 respondents had received AIDS-related health education in PHSIs (48.16%). There were 34 respondents that had received HIV testing (11.37%) and 203 respondents that were willing to receive HIV testing in PHSIs (67.89%). The respondents that were unwilling to receive HIV testing in PHSIs were mainly attributed to considering to be unlikely to get HIV infections (82.29%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that school students who knew AIDS-related knowledge (OR=2.797, 95%CI: 1.583-4.941), knew free HIV counseling and testing services in PHSIs (OR=2.070, 95%CI: 1.123-3.814), and had received AIDS-related health education in PHSIs (OR=2.814, 95%CI: 1.573-5.032) were more willing to receive HIV testing in PHSIs. Conclusions There were 67.89% of school students that were willing to receive HIV testing in PHSIs in Wuhan City, and the willingness to receive HIV testing was correlated with the awareness of risk of HIV infections, and awareness and experience of AIDS control services in PHSIs.

Objective:To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Reward Probability Index-Chinese version (C-RPI) among individuals with opioid dependence.Methods:A total of 160 individuals with opioid dependence were recruited from the methadone maintenance treatment(MMT) programs in Wuhan.The C-RPI was used in the investigation, and items/exploratory factors and confirmatory factors were adopted to analyze with IBM SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 24.0, respectively.Results:The correlation between each item and the total score of the scale was 0.325-0.657 (all P<0.01) and the item discrimination of the scale was good.Exploratory factor analysis extracted two factors, including reward probability and environmental suppressors, and a load of each item on its factor ranged from 0.519 to 0.744.The fitting indexes of confirmatory factor analysis were as follows: χ 2/ df=1.623, RMR=0.030, RMSEA=0.063, IFI=0.902, TLI=0.885, CFI =0.900.The internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's α) of the C-RPI was 0.800; and there was no ceiling/floor effect on each dimension and total scale. Conclusion:The classification of dimensions for the C-RPI is reasonable, and the scale has good reliability and validity to measure the ability to obtain environmental rewards for individuals with opioid dependence.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the diseases with high morbidity,mortality,and disability,which seriously endangers human health.Primary and secondary injuries caused by TBI are cascade reaction of various pathophysiological interactions.Because of its many injury factors and complex mechanisms,the treatment and therapeutic effect of TBI are limited at present.In recent years,animal experiments and clinical studies have shown that stem cell therapy could alleviate TBI-mediated neurological damage to a certain extent.Therefore,activation of endogenous neural cells response and transplantation of exogenous stem cells may be new strategies for TBI treatment.This article reviews the research progress of activation of endogenous neural cells response and transplantation of exogenous stem cells after TBI,and focuses on the therapeutic effects and possible mechanisms of stem cell transplantation in TBI treatment.

Objective An improved method for obtaining pseudo-computed tomography (CT ps) based on ultrasound deformation field.Methods The three-dimensional image data of computed tomography and ultrasound for three postoperative cervical cancer patients were selected,including the CT (CTsim) and ultrasound (USsim) images obtained during the simulated positioning stage,and the cone beam CT (CBCT) and ultrasound images obtained during the positioning verification stage of the treatment one week later.Binary masks of the OROI and OROW were created and applied in ultrasound image registration;thus,the deformation field was obtained.The deformation field was applied to CTsim images and different pseudo-CT images were obtained.Similarities between these pseudo-CT images and those of CBCT were compared,and registration accuracies between pseudo-CT images under different binary masks and CTsim were discussed.Results The averages of the correlation coefficient between pseudo-CT based on OROI,OROW,no binary mask and CBCT were 0.95,0.82 and 0.64 respectively.The average of the normalized mean square Error were 0.12,0.42 and 0.57 respectively.Conclusion The pseudo-CT based on OROI binary mask matches the best with CTsim and achieves the highest similarity with CBCT.

Objective To explore the efficacy and prognosis of haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) for severe aplastic anemia (SAA).Methods The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed for 40 SAA cases undergoing haplo-HSCT from September 2013 to February 2018.The conditioning regimen contained cyclophosphamide,fludarabine and antithymocyte globulin with or without busulfan or low-dose total body irradiation.Cyclosporin A,short-term methotrexate and mycophenolate mofetil were dosed for preventing graft versus host disease (GVHD).The median counts of mononuclear cell and CD34+ stem cell were 5.3(2.0～13.5) × 108/kg and 5.6 (1.6 ～ 15.9) × 106/kg respectively.Results Among them,hematopoietic reconstitution was achieved (n =36,90.0 ％).The median times for myeloid engraftment and platelet engraftment were 15(10-25) and 17(10～58) days respectively.The incidence of acute graft-versushost disease(aGVHD)was (35.0± 6.8) ％.The incidence of chronic GVHD (cGVHD) was (23.0 ±7.4) ％.And 28 SAA cases (70.0 ％) survived during a median follow-up period of 353(30～1226)days,The cumulative overall survival (OS) was (67.8 ± 7.8) ％,the average survival time (883 ± 82)days and transplantation-related death (TRM) within 100 days (10.0 ± 3.1) ％.Conclusions Haplo-HSCT is an effective treatment for SAA patients.And a larger number of cases are required for enhancing OS.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem that causes major illnesses and disabilities worldwide. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that the prevalence of AR has increased progressively over the last few decades in more developed countries and currently affects up to 40% of the population worldwide. Likewise, a rising trend of AR has also been observed over the last 2–3 decades in developing countries including China, with the prevalence of AR varying widely in these countries. A survey of self-reported AR over a 6-year period in the general Chinese adult population reported that the standardized prevalence of adult AR increased from 11.1% in 2005 to 17.6% in 2011. An increasing number of original articles and imporclinical trials on the epidemiology, pathophysiologic mechanisms, diagnosis, management and comorbidities of AR in Chinese subjects have been published in international peer-reviewed journals over the past 2 decades, and substantially added to our understanding of this disease as a global problem. Although guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in Chinese subjects have also been published, they have not been translated into English and therefore not generally accessible for reference to non-Chinese speaking international medical communities. Moreover, methods for the diagnosis and treatment of AR in China have not been standardized entirely and some patients are still treated according to regional preferences. Thus, the present guidelines have been developed by the Chinese Society of Allergy to be accessible to both national and international medical communities involved in the management of AR patients. These guidelines have been prepared in line with existing international guidelines to provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of AR in China.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; China ; Comorbidity ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Diagnosis* ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology ; Global Health ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Prevalence ; Rhinitis, Allergic*

Radiomics refers to the comprehensive quantification of information such as tumor biological feature and heterogeneity through assessing a large number of quantitative image features from ROI of CT,MRI and PET images.With the development of data science,radiomics has been paid more and more attention.Feature extraction is an important step of Radiomics.The processes in feature extraction of radiomics were reviewed in this paper.

Objective To apply metal artifact reduction algorithm to reduce metal artifacts based on 12 bit and 16 bit CT images,and aimed to analyze the effects on CT value and dose distribution.Methods The metal implant was inserted into the phantom,and the original 12 bit CT image and original 16 bit CT image were derived from CT scanning.The images were processed using NMAR algorithm,so the corrected 12 bit image and corrected 16 bit image were obtained.A patient's CT was chosen with artificial femur,and used the NMAR algorithm to reduce metal artifacts.Furthermore,the CT values of original images and corrected images were compared and analyzed.In the planning system,dose distribution was calculated based on each image by same radiation treatment plan.The dose distribution difference of each image was compared and analyzed.Results For the 12 bit image,the CT value of metal was 3 071 HU,which was much smaller than the metal's actual CT value ll 080 HU.The metal's CT value for the 16bit image was 11 098 HU,which was very close to the actual value.The original CT images contained a lot of artifacts around the metal,resulting in a large deviation of CT values from the reference image.After NMAR correction,metal artifacts were reduced significantly,and the CT values were close to the reference images.The dose distribution of the corrected 16 bit image was closest to that of the reference image.The maximum dose deviation on the central axis was 1.8％.The difference between the 12 bit image and the reference image downstream the metal was notable,and the maximum dose deviation on the central axis was 81.6％.The X-rays passed through the artifact region in original image,the dose distribution was obviously different from the reference image,and the maximum dose deviation was 21.6％.Conclusions For the patient with metal implant,using the NAMR algorithm on the 16 bit image result in accurate CT value of CT image,so that the accurate dose distribution will be obtained.