More and more patients were treated by surgery with metal implants in clinic.Metal artifacts in CT images caused by metal implants brought challenges for postoperative evaluation and diagnosis of tumor.It also led to the possibility of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.In recent decades,the improved methods based on filtered-backprojection and iterative reconstruction algorithms have great progresses in reducing effects of metal artifacts.The actuality of techniques for metal artifact reduction were reviewed in this article.

Objective To investigate the significance of Qmax and residual urine in evaluation of bladder function in the patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods The clinical data of 61 patients with BPH and 20 healthy persons in control group were evaluated.Bladder function,uroflowmetry and ultrasonic residual urine measurement were performed in the 2 groups.The correlation between Q max and residual urine in BPH group was investigated.Results There was significant difference in Qmax between the BPH group and control group (8 vs.21 ml/s,u=-6.090,P=0.007).There was significant difference in residual urine between the 2 groups (60 vs.9 ml,u =-6.718,P=0.005).And there was a negtive correlation between residual urine and Qmax in BPH group (r=-0.366,P=0.009).Conclusion It is useful to measure the Qmax and residual urine in evaluation of bladder function affected by bladder outlet obstruction caused by BPH.

BACKGROUND:Now it has cooperation and facilitative effete between myogenic regulatory factors through a long time study. So, gene therapy of double genes of Myod1 and Myog can obtain better effect, and can provide a new way for preventing denervated skeletal muscle atrophy.
OBJECTIVE:To construct eukaryotic co-expression vector carrying Myod1 and Myog genes.
METHODS:Ful-length Myod1 gene and Myog gene cDNA were amplified by reverse transcription PCR, and then inserted into pVAX1 vector after digested to establish the recombined Myod1 and Myog eukaryotic co-expression vector pVAX1-Myod1-IRES2-Myog-IRES2-EGFP, and then identified with gene sequencing. The in vitro cultured 3T3 cel s were transfected with pVAX1-Myod1-IRES2-Myog-IRES2-EGFP, and the expressions of Myod1 and Myog genes in the 3T3 cel s were detected with western blot assay in order to identify whether the 3T3 cel s could express the target protein correctly.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The sequencing results showed that the sequence length and base sequence of Myod1 and Myog cDNA in eukaryotic co-expression vector pVAX1-Myod1-IRES2-Myog-IRES2-EGFP were identical with the reported sequences. Myod1 and Myog protein band expressions were detected in 3T3 cel s by western blot after transient transfection. The pVAX1-Myod1-IRES2-Myog-IRES2-EGFP, a eukaryotic co-expression vector of Myod1 gene and Myog gene is successful y constructed.

Objective To investigate the impact of relevant factors in mechanical ventilation on intraabdominal pressure in patients with ALI/ARDS by continuous monitoring of intra-abdominal pressure.Methods A total of 116 ALI/ARDS patients treated with mechanical ventilation in ICU were enrolled in this study.Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) was recorded continuously.Meanwhile ventilator parameters, arterial blood gas analysis, hemodynamic variables, and as well as the levels of IL-4, IL-8 and TNF-α in blood and bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined and recorded.The detection of risk factors for intra-abdomen hypertension (IAH) were carried out using multivariate stepwise logistic regression.ROC curve analysis used to estimate the diagnostic performance of these parameters for IAH.Results The oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) in patients with IAH after 2 hours' mechanical ventilation was significantly lower than that in patients with normal intra-abdomen pressure (IAP) (P ＜ 0.01);PEEP and RR in mechanical ventilation were higher in IAH group (P ＜ 0.01 or P =0.001);Mean artery pressure (MAP), ejection time percent (ET), stroke volume (SV), cardiac index (CI) were lower in IAH group than those in normal IAP group (P ＜ 0.01);the levels of IL-4, IL-8 and TNF-α in blood and bronchial alveolar lavage fluid were higher in IAH group than those in normal IAP group (P ＜ 0.01);IAH patients have a higher mortality on 28 d (Log rank test, P =0.023).Poor oxygenation index (PaO2/ FiO2) after 2 hours' ventilation, high PEEP setting, low MAP, ET, SV, CI and elevated IL-4 in the BALF were resulted in increasing risk of IAH for ARDS patients under mechanical ventilation support.Conclusions The monitoring of intra-abdominal pressure should be emphasized for ALI/ARDS patients when mechanical ventilation was employed.PaO2/FiO2, SV and IL-4 in BALF might be the independent risk factors of IAH.

Objective To determine the icariin content in Qianlie Shule Granules (QSG). Methods After proper pre-treatment,HPLC method was performed on a C18 column. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water (29 ∶71) and the UV d etective wavelength was set at 270 nm. Results The peak of icariin was separated completely. The calibration curve of icariin was linear within 0.16～1.2 mg?mL -1,Y=0.028 7X-0.009 62 (r=0.999 9). Conclusion This method is accurate and su itable for the determination of icariin content.

Objective To explore the role and significance of free radicle in the pathophsiological mechanisms of diabetic cystopathy(DCP).Methods The detrusor strip contraction experiments were performed and observed in the group of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) rats at different time stages and the control group.The bladder tissue samples was made into homogenate,and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA) were determined.Results The minimum stretch forces to induce the detrusor contractions in T2DM group were larger than the control group.Compared with the control group,the detrusor contractive frequency was higher in the period of 0 to 16 weeks,but was lower after the 20th week.The maximum detrusor contractive forces in the T2DM group showed a descended tendency with the elapse of the experiment time.In the bladder homogenate of the control group,the activities of SOD was declined after reaching the peak at the stage of 8th week,and then escalated at the stage of 24th week.As for the T2DM group,the activities of SOD became higher in the 4th week,than descended at the stage of 8th and 24th weeks.The contents of MDA in both groups showed descended tendency.In T2DM group,MDA became even lower than the control group in the 4th week and became higher than the control group in the 8th week.The ratio of SOD/ MDA in T2DM group was lower than the control group.In details,the ratio of SOD/MDA in T2DM group rose significantly in the 4th week,while declined in the 8th week.There was a negative correlation between the maximum detrusor contractive force and detrusor contractive frequency,and a positive correlation between the maximum detrusor contractive force and the contents of MDA.Conclusion The destrusor functions are impaired by Diabetes Mellitus.In the initial stage of DCP,the bladder functions are normal,because the detrusor had a high ability to remove the free radicle.In the progression stage of DCP,the bladder functions become decompensation,because the organism is seriously injured by the free radicle.So the impairment by free radicle is one of important mechanisms of destrusor impairment of diabetic cystopathy.

Objective To develop a HPLC method for the determination of oridonin in the leaves and stems of Rabdosia nervosa.Methods All of reference substances and samples were separated with the mobile phase of methanol:water (45 ∶55) under isocratic elution for 20 min on a Kromasil C18 reversed-phase column(250 mm?4.0 mm,5 ?m),the flow rate was 1.0 mL?min-1,the detection wavelength was 235 nm,and the column temperature was 30 ℃.Results The content of oridonin was 0.047 mg/g in stems and 0.791 mg/g in leaves,the content in stems being about one seventeenth of that in leaves.The average recovery of oridonin was 98.33 %.Conclusion This method is simple,sensitive,accurate and suitable for quantitative determination of oridonin in Rabdosia nervosa.

Objective To develop a HPLC method for the determination of Lasiokaurin in the stems and leaves of Rabdosia nervosa.Methods HPLC was performed on a Kromsil C18 reversed-phase column(250mm?4.2mm,5?m).All of the reference substances and samples were separated with the mobile phase of methanol :water(55:45) under isocratic elution for 30min,flow rate was 1.0ml/min,the detection wavelength was 234nm,and the column temperature was 30℃.Results The content of Lasiokaurin was 0.005mg/g in the stems and 0.372mg/g in the leaves,the content in the stems were almost 1/75 times as much as that in the leaves.The average recovery of Lasiokaurin was 96.21%.Conclusion This developed method,which is simple and with good precision,high sensitivity and selectivity,can be used for quality evaluation of Lasiokaurin in Rabdosia nervosa.

Extraction process plays an important role in Chinese herbal medicine applications. Traditional extraction method has some disadvantages, such as long processing time, high solvent consumption and low efficiency. Thus, some new technologies and methods have been introduced in this paper, including ultrasonic extraction, microwave extraction, supercritical fluid extraction. On the basis of advantages and disadvantages of traditional Soxhlet extrac-tion, this paper mainly described the principles, characteristics, influencing parameters and applications.

Objective To investigate the impact on registration accuracy with the different registration ranges of CBCT images and CT images.Methods CBCT and CT scans were performed on the of 5 patients.The registration ranges of five patients' images of abdomen,head and chest performed CBCT and CT scanning were processed with four modes.Mode 1:the registration range of CT images was larger than the registration range of CBCT images,mode 2:the registration range of CT images and CBCT images were equally,mode 3:taking a 5 cm translation of CT images range from mode 2,mode 4:The CBCT range and CT range reduced 2 cm both sides simultaneously from mode 2.Using the registration program from Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit (ITK) to the four modes,the Mean Square Difference (MSD) metric values of four modes after registration were compared and the relationship between mode 2 and another three modes was analyzed by paired t test.Results For the MSD metric values,mode 3 was maximum,mode 2 and 4 were minimum,and mode 1 was centered.The difference between the mode 2 and mode 4 was not statistically significant(P ＞ 0.05).The difference between the mode 2 and mode 1 was statistically significant(t =-4.586,-4.164,-5.618,P ＜ 0.05).The difference between the mode 2 and mode 3 was statistically significant(t =-6.423,-8.109,-19.601,P＜0.05).Conclusion The registration ranges of CBCT and CT images has a certain extent of influence on the accuracy of image registration.The closer the registration range of CBCT and CT is,the higher the registration accuracy is.