OBJECTIVE To evaluate the infection of central venous catheterization in tumor patients with chemotherapy and analyze its risk factors and the role of nursing intervention. METHODS The prospective overall monitoring method was used,including catheterization,maintenance,observation and monitoring. RESULTS Of 446 cases with chemotherapy,the infection rate was 2.24% (10 cases). The infection mainly correlated with age,catheterization time,chemotherapy duration,venous nutrition,complication and hormone. CONCLUSIONS The infection of central venous catheterization is inevitable due to multiple risk factors. The measures to prevent and reduce hospital infection are holding the key steps of central venous catheterization,executing the management system of sterilization,keeping tract smooth,cutting down time of central venous catheterization and strengthening nursing education about central venous catheterization.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in a tumor hospital,and provide evidence for prevention and control of HAI.Methods According to requirement of cross sectional survey of nationwide HAI monitoring network,prevalence rates of HAI in hospitalized patients at a tumor hospital in 2013-2015 were surveyed,surveyed results were statistically analyzed.Results A total of 3 515 hospitalized patients were investigated from 2013 to 2015,24(0.68%)had HAI.The prevalence rates of HAI from 2013 to 2015 were 0.79%,0.54%,and 0.76%respectively,difference was not statistically significant(x2=0.65,P>0.05).The main infection site was lower respiratory tract,accounting for 45.83%.The main pathogens causing HAI were gram-negative bacilli,accounting for 47.37%,followed by fungi(26.32%).Conclusion The prevalence rate of HAI in tumor patients is low,targeted monitoring should be carried out according to the current situation,the prevention and control of lower respiratory tract infection should be focused on,fungal infection should be paid attention.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between life events, cognitive emotional regulation strategies, neuroticism and depression in pregnant women and the internal mechanism of action.Methods:Short-term longitudinal follow-up design were used in this study.A total of 327 pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy were investigated with pregnant women's life events scale, cognitive emotion regulation strategy questionnaire, neuroticism subscale of Chinese big five personality questionaire-short form at T1 time point, and patient health questionnaire 9 were measured after 6 weeks(T2).SPSS 20.0 macro program PROCESS was used to examine the mediating effect of cognitive emotion and the moderating effect of neuroticism.Results:(1) The incidence of depression in the third trimester pregnant women was 12.23%.(2)There was significant positive correlation between the total score of life events in pregnant women(T1) and the total score of non-adaptive cognitive emotional regulation strategies(T1) ( r=0.25, P<0.01).Total neurotic personality(T1) and total depressive mood(T2) were significantly positively correlated ( r=0.46, P<0.01).The total scores of life events(T1) of pregnant women were significantly positively correlated with the total scores of depression(T2) ( r=0.36, P<0.01).(3) The non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategy (T1) played a partial mediating role between life events (T1) and depression (T2).The direct effect (effect size=0.29) and the mediating effect (effect size=0.07) accounted for 80.55% and 19.44% of the total effect (effect size=0.36).(4) Neuroticism regulates the second part of the mediating effect of the mediating model.Specifically, the higher the level of individual neuroticism, the stronger the positive predictive effect of non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies on maternal depression. Conclusion:Pregnant life events play a role in maternal depression through the mediating role of non-adaptive cognitive emotional regulation strategies and the moderating role of neuroticism.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of acupoint catgut embedding assisting western medication and simple western medication on blood pressure and vascular endothelial function in patients with essential hypertension (EH), and to explore its mechanism.

METHODSA total of 125 cases were randomly assigned into an observation group (62 cases, 2 dropping) and a control group (63 cases, 3 dropping). Oral administration of lotensin (10 mg, once a day) was applied in the control group. Based on the treatment as the control group, acupoint catgut embedding was applied at Fengchi (GB 20), Ganshu (BL 18), Shenshu (BL 23), Quchi (LI 11), Zusanli (ST 36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Taichong (LR 3) in the observation group, once every two weeks, and six treatments was taken as one session. All the patients were treated for 3 months. The blood pressure and the vascular endothelial injury markers, including endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitric oxide (NO), high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP) were recorded before and after treatment in the two groups. In addition, the ET-1, NO and hsCRP were collected from 60 cases of healthy participants.

RESULTSThe diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure reduced after treatment in the two groups (all <0.05), which were more significant in the observation group (<0.01, <0.05). Before treatment, compared with those of the healthy participants, ET-1 and hsCRP were higher but NO was lower in the observation group and the control group (all <0.05); after treatment, ET-1 and hsCRP were reduced and NO increased in the two groups (all <0.05), which were more significant in the observation group (all <0.05). After treatment, the differences of NO and hsCRP between the observation group and healthy participants were not significant (both >0.05). The marked effective rate was 70.0% (42/60) in the observation group, which was superior to 33.3% (20/60) in the control group (<0.05); the total effective rate was 96.7% (58/60) in the observation group, which was superior to 85.0% (51/60) in the control group (<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe vascular endothelial function is injured in EH patients. Based on lotensin treatment, acupoint catgut embedding could significantly improve blood pressure and vascular endothelial function.

Objective:To explore the effect and mechanism of fentanyl on promoting the stemness of breast cancer cell.Methods:From January 2018 to October 2019, human breast cancer cell line BT549 was used as the in vitro research object. Breast cancer cell BT549 was pretreated with 0.01 and 0.10 μmol/L fentanyl. Sphere formation assay and colony formation assay were performed to investigate the role of fentanyl on breast cancer cell stemness. Fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA level of stemness-related transcription factors gender-determining area Y box protein 2 (Sox2), octamer binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) and Nanog. Western blotting assay was performed to determine the level of Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway-related markers Wnt3a, phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (p-GSK-3β), glycogenase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and β-catenin. After down-regulating Wnt3a, western blotting assay and sphere formation assay were performed.Results:The sphere diameter, colony formation rate and the expression of Sox2 mRNA, Oct4 mRNA, Nanog mRNA, Wnt3a, p-GSK-3β, GSK-3β and β-catenin in 0.01 and 0.10 μmol/L fentanyl-treated breast cancer cell were significant higher than those in blank control: (131.22 ± 1.06) and (636.37 ± 0.02) μm vs. (72.68 ± 0.13) μm, (41.33 ± 0.03)% and (60.58 ± 1.08)% vs. (20.93 ± 0.15)%, 2.25 ± 0.20 and 3.82 ± 0.84 vs. 1.00, 1.87 ± 1.06 and 3.35 ± 0.04 vs. 1.00, 2.85 ± 0.03 and 4.36 ± 0.50 vs. 1.00, 1.82 ± 0.03 and 2.57 ± 0.42 vs. 1.00, 2.04 ± 0.13 and 2.81 ± 0.05 vs. 1.00, 1.62 ± 0.17 and 2.93 ± 0.06 vs. 1.00, 2.15 ± 0.02 and 3.54 ± 0.21 vs. 1.00, the indexes in 0.10 μmol/L fentanyl-treated breast cancer cell were significantly higher than those in 0.01 μmol/L fentanyl-treated breast cancer cell, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01). After down-regulating Wnt3a, the expressions of p-GSK-3β, GSK-3β, β-catenin, Sox2, Oct4 and sphere diameter were significantly lower than those in blank control: 0.12 ± 0.05 vs. 1.00, 0.53 ± 0.06 vs. 1.00 and 0.24 ± 0.21 vs. 1.00, 0.28 ± 0.10 vs. 1.00 and 0.06 ± 0.01 vs. 1.00, (18.14 ± 0.30) μm vs. (74.32 ± 0.12) μm, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01). Conclusions:Fentanyl promotes breast cancer cell stemness by Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate whether endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2 S)was involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA)and its underlying mechanism,to detect H2 S and its synthases ex-pression in knee cartilage in patients diagnosed with different severity of OA,and to explore the transcrip-tion and expression of gene MMP-13 in chondrocytes treated with IL-1βor H2S.Methods:Synovial fluids of the in-patients with different severity of OA hospitalized in Peking University First Hospital were collected for measurement of H2 S content using methylene blue assay.Articular cartilages of the patients who underwent knee arthroplasty were collected for the cell culture of relatively normal chondrocytes.The chondrocytes were cultured to the P3 generation and H2 S molecular probes were used for detection of endogenous H2 S generation in the chondrocytes.Immunocytochemistry was used to detect the localization of H2 S synthases including cystathionine β-synthase (CBS),cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE),and mercap-topyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST)in OA chondrocytes.Western blot was used to quantify the protein expressions of CSE,MPST,and CBS in cartilage tissues of the patients who were diagnosed with OA and underwent knee arthroplasty.The relatively normal human chondrocytes were cultured to passage 3 and then divided into 4 groups for different treatments:(1 )the normal control group,no reagent was added;(2)the IL-1βgroup,5 μg/L of IL-1βwas added;(3)the IL-1β+H2S group,200 μmol/L of NaHS was added 30 min before adding 5 μg/L of IL-1β;(4)the H2 S group,200 μmol/L of NaHS was added. The transcription and expression of gene MMP-13 in chondrocytes of each group were determined with Real-time PCR and Western blot,respectively.And the total NF-κB p65 and phosphorylated NF-κB p65 in chondrocytes were detected with Western blot.Results:The content of H2 S in the synovial fluid of degenerative knee was (14.3 ±3.3)μmol/L.Expressions of endogenous H2 S and its synthases including CBS,CSE and MPST were present in the cytoplasm of chondrocytes.CSE protein expression in Grade 3 (defined by outerbridge grading)cartilage tissues was significantly increased as compared with that of Grade 1 cartilage tissues (1.67 ±0.09 vs.1.26 ±0.11,P<0.05).However,no significant difference of CBS or MPST expression among the different groups was observed.The expression of MMP-13 protein in the IL-1βgroup was significantly higher than that in the normal chondrocytes (1 .87 ±0.67 vs.0.22 ± 0.10,P<0.05 ),and that in the IL-1β+H2 S group was significantly decreased than that in the IL-1βgroup (0.55 ±0.11 vs.1.87 ±0.67,P<0.05),and that in the H2S group had no significant difference compared with that in the normal control group.The transcription of MMP-13 protein in the IL-1βgroup was significantly higher than that in the normal chondrocytes (31.40 ±0.31 vs.1.00 ±0.00,P<0.05), and that in the IL-1β+H2 S group was significantly decreased than that in the IL-1βgroup (24.41 ± 1.28 vs.31.40 ±0.31,P<0.05),and that in the H2S group had no significant difference compared with that in the normal control group.The total NF-κB p65 in the IL-1βgroup was significantly higher than that in the normal chondrocytes (2.13 ±0.08 vs.0.73 ±0.08,P<0.05),and that in the IL-1β+H2S group was significantly decreased than that in the IL-1βgroup (1 .24 ±0.13 vs.2.13 ±0.08,P<0.05 ),and that in the H2 S group had no significant difference compared with that in the normal control group.The phosphorylated NF-κB p65 in IL-1βgroup was significantly higher than that in the normal chondrocytes (1.30 ±0.13 vs.0.19 ±0.04,P<0.05),and that in IL-1β+H2S group was significantly decreased than that in the IL-1βgroup (0.92 ±0.26 vs.1.30 ±0.13,P<0.05),and that in the H2S group had no significant difference compared with that in the normal control group.Conclusion:H2 S affected the cartilage degeneration by partly inhibiting the degradation of extracellular matrix.

Postherpetic neuralgia is manifested as drastic lingering pain, which seriously impacts the survival quality of patient. In the paper, focusing on the time of postherpetic neuralgia and in association with the characteristics of symptoms such as the location and nature of pain and skin lesion, the etiology, location of sickness, nature of sickness and pathogenesis were differentiated, and the laws of acupoint selection and therapeutic operations were explored in the treatment with acupuncture. Regarding the apparent pain at night, especially during 23:00 to 3:00, Ashi points (Extra) and Jiaji (EX-B 2) were selected in terms of location differentiation. The acupoints on the liver and gallbladder meridians were specially selected and the supplementary acupoints were used according to general symptoms based on syndrome and symptom differentiation to improve the therapeutic effects. Regarding the therapeutic operation, the bloodletting puncture was used in terms of blood stagnation in collaterals. Additionally, the other operations were selected individually, such as filiform needle therapy, fire needling therapy, plum-blossom needle therapy and bleeding and cupping therapy.

BACKGROUND:The researchers noted that upon embedding clinical-grade catgut and polyglycolide-co-lactide threads in the normal human"Zusanli"(ST 36)acupoint,the local area displayed temporal and inflammatory stimulatory effects,resulting in thread differentiation.However,the underlying mechanism behind thread involvement remains to be studied. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the expression levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide,5-hydroxytryptamine,leukotriene B4,and bradykinin at point"Zusanli"(ST 36)in rats after embedding catgut and polyglycolide-co-lactide respectively at different time points. METHODS:110 male SD rats were divided into a blank group(10 rats),a catgut embedding group(50 rats),and a polyglycolide-co-lactide embedding group(50 rats)according to the random number table method.In the blank group,no thread was embedded.In catgut embedding group and the polyglycolide-co-lactide embedding group,the thread was embedded in the left side of the ST36 acupoint once.Tissue was collected from the left side of the ST36 acupoint area 8 hours,3,7,14,and 21 days after embedding.The expression levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide and 5-hydroxytryptamine were detected by immunohistochemistry,and the contents of leukotriene B4 and bradykinin were detected by ELISA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Compared with the blank group,the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide,5-hydroxytryptamine,bradykinin,and leukotriene B4 was significantly increased in the 8 hours,3,7,14,and 21 days of the catgut embedding group(P<0.05);calcitonin gene-related peptide expression was significantly increased in 8 hours,3,7,and 14 days in the polyglycolide-co-lactide embedding group(P<0.05);the expression of bradykinin was significantly increased in 8 hours,3,and 7 days(P<0.05);the expression of leukotriene B4 was significantly increased at 8 hours,3,7,14,and 21 days(P<0.05).(2)Compared with the polyglycolide-co-lactide embedding group,the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide was increased at 7,14,21 days after thread embedding(P<0.05),and the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine was increased at 8 hours,3,7,14 and 21 days after thread embedding(P<0.05);contents of leukotriene B4 and bradykinin in tissues were increased at 8 hours,3,14 and 21 days after embedding(P<0.05)in the catgut embedding group.(3)The results show that calcitonin gene-related peptide,5-hydroxytryptamine,leukotriene B4,and bradykinin in the acupoint region alter after catgut embedding in the ST36 of rats,as well as the alteration of calcitonin gene-related peptide,leukotriene B4,and bradykinin is found in the acupoint region after polyglycolide-co-lactide embedding in rats,which may be one of the mechanisms involved in the local time sensitive stimulus effects caused by embedding threads at acupoints.Moreover,there is a discernible difference between the two thread types.

【Objective】 To analyze the influence of plasma donation on human total protein level and the impact of different blood collection tubes on total protein level detection. 【Methods】 A total of 1 373 plasma donors from 11 apheresis plasma stations in 6 provinces/autonomous regions from March to April, 2021 were selected. Whole blood was collected by ordinary blood collection tube without anticoagulant, heparin anticoagulant tube and sodium citrate anticoagulant tube, and then respectively divided into serum group, heparin anticoagulant group, and sodium citrate anticoagulant group. After separating serum and plasma, the samples were subjected to total protein detection using the biuret method. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the total protein levels among different tubes. The plasma donors were divided into male group (n=597) and female group (n=776), and the total protein levels between different genders were compared by t test. The plasma donors were divided into Sichuan group, Hubei group and Gansu group according to the region, and the Games-Howell test was used for comparison. 【Results】 The median serum total protein level of 1 373 donors was 73.1g/L, which was consistent with the reference range of 65-85 g/L. The median total protein levels of the serum group, heparin anticoagulant group and sodium citrate anticoagulant group were 73.1g/L, 73.3g/L and 63.8g/L, respectively, with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). There was statistical significance in total protein level between sodium citrate anticoagulant group and serum group, sodium citrate anticoagulant group and heparin anticoagulant group(P<0.05), but no statistical significance was noticed between serum group and heparin anticoagulant group (P> 0.05). The serum total protein levels of male group and female group were (72.41±5.40)g/L and (73.67±4.95)g/L, reseectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The serum total protein level in Sichuan group, Hubei group and Gansu group was (73.91±4.29)g/L, (74.17±5.11)g/L and (67.09±3.65)g/L, respectively (P<0.05).The difference between Gansu group and Hubei group, Gansu group and Sichuan group was statistically significant (P<0.05), but no significant difference was noticed between Sichuan group and Hubei group (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 Plasma donors who meet the donation criteria will not experience abnormal total protein levels due to regular plasma donation. There were differences in total protein levels among different blood collection tubes, different genders and different regions. The total protein level of females was higher than that of males. The total protein level was the highest in Hubei province, followed by Sichuan and Gansu.Heparin anticoagulant group was the highest, followed by serum group and sodium citrate anticoagulant group.