ObjectiveTaking Aurantii Fructus Immaturus juice（AFI）-processed Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma（AMR） as an example， this study aims to systematically compare the volatile and non-volatile components of AMR and its processed products， investigate the key differential components， evaluate their anti-inflammatory activities， and elucidate the synergistic mechanism of processing. MethodsThe chemical compositions of volatile and non-volatile components in AMR and AFI-processed AMR were systematically characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS） and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）， with relative mass fractions and response values determined separately. Volatile components were identified through searches in the National Institute of Standards and Technology（NIST）17 database， comparison with retention index（RI） and fragmentation pattern matching. Non-volatile components were identified by searching Waters Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） spectral library， in conjunction with PubChem and MassBank， characteristic fragmentation patterns and response values were also used to support identification. Differential components were screened using principal component analysis（PCA）， orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA）， with variable importance in the projection（VIP） value >1. Components with high log₂fold change（FC） among major differential groups were selected as those exhibiting significant changes before and after processing. The anti-inflammatory activity of the differential compounds was evaluated by assessing their effects on nitric oxide（NO） production in a lipopolysaccharide（LPS）-induced RAW264.7 macrophage model. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to detect the effects of the differential components on tumor necrosis factor（TNF）-α， interleukin（IL）-1β， IL-6， and monocyte chemotactic protein（MCP）-1 levels， and immunofluorescence（IF） was employed to assess their effects on nuclear transcription factor（NF）-κB p65 translocation， thereby elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms. ResultsA total of 36 compounds were identified in the volatile components of AMR and AFI-processed AMR， among which， sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes were significantly increased after processing. In the non-volatile components， 36 compounds were identified， and the main differential components were flavonoids， sesquiterpenoids， and triterpenoids. Flavonoids were the primary differential components distinguishing AMR from its processed products， representing compounds directly introduced during processing. Five compounds， including atractylenolide Ⅲ， tangeritin， nobiletin， hesperidin and narirutin， were selected as representatives of three classes based on their most prominent differential expression among different compound types for subsequent anti-inflammatory activity studies. The results showed that 100 μmol·L^-1 tangerine and narirutin could significantly inhibit LPS-induced NO production（P<0.01） in a concentration-dependent manner. Tangeritin was able to significantly inhibit the levels of TNF-α and MCP-1 secreted by RAW264.7（P<0.05）， while narirutin significantly inhibited the levels of TNF-α， IL-1β， MCP-1 and IL-6（P<0.01）. IF revealed that both tangeritin and narirutin significantly blocked the translocation of NF-κB p65 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. ConclusionAFI-processed AMR significantly alters the chemical composition profile of AMR， and the newly introduced flavonoid components during processing may be key to its enhanced anti-inflammatory effects.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effectiveness of posterior single-level osteotomy with 360° release and correction for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) complicated with moderate to severe kyphosis. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 11 patients with OVCF complicated with moderate to severe kyphosis between January 2022 and March 2023. There were 4 males and 7 females with an average age of 57 years ranging from 47 to 69 years. The disease duration ranged from 3 to 15 months, with an average of 7 months. Fracture segments included T ₁₁ in 3 cases, T ₁₂ in 5, L ₁ in 2, and L ₂ in 1. The T value of lumbar spine bone density was -5.0 to -2.0, with an average of -3.5. The preoperative neurological function was grade E according to Frankel grading. The Pfirrmann classification of the intervertebral disc above the injured vertebra was grade Ⅲ in 8 cases and grade Ⅳ in 3 cases. All patients underwent posterior single-level osteotomy with 360° release and correction. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospital stay, and postoperative complications were recorded. Thoracolumbar local kyphosis Cobb angle, the mean height of the functional spinal unit (FSU), the sagittal vertical axis (SVA), and the sagittal index (SI) were measured. The visual analogue scale (VAS) score and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were used to evaluate the improvement of pain and function before operation, at 1 month after operation, and at last follow-up. RESULTS: The operation successfully completed in all patients, and there was no obvious complication. The operation time ranged from 100 to 190 minutes, with an average of 153 minutes, and the intraoperative blood loss ranged from 200 to 800 mL, with an average of 468 mL. The length of hospital stay was 8-14 days (mean, 12 days). All patients were followed up 6-24 months, with an average of 12.4 months. At last follow-up, all the 11 patients had bony fusion in the osteotomy area, and there was no displacement or subsidence of the Cage, no complication such as internal fixation failure or pseudarthrosis formation was found. The Cobb angle of local thoracolumbar kyphosis, the mean height of FSU, SVA, and SI significantly improved immediately after operation and at last follow-up when compared with preoperative ones, and the VAS score and ODI also significantly improved at 1 month after operation and at last follow-up ( P<0.05); there was no significant difference in above indexes between the two time points after operation ( P>0.05). CONCLUSION Posterior single-level osteotomy with 360° release and correction is an effective surgical method for treating OVCF complicated with moderate to severe kyphosis, with definite early effectiveness.
Humans ; Kyphosis/etiology* ; Male ; Female ; Osteotomy/methods* ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Aged ; Spinal Fractures/diagnostic imaging* ; Fractures, Compression/diagnostic imaging* ; Osteoporotic Fractures/complications* ; Treatment Outcome ; Lumbar Vertebrae/injuries* ; Thoracic Vertebrae/injuries* ; Operative Time ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods*

The da Vinci Surgical System provides surgeons with a three-dimensional image view with greater clarity, which improves surgical precision, particularly in confined surgical spaces. Compared to laparoscopic surgery, robotic surgery has a shorter learning curve and may be a better choice for surgeons. However, some surgeons are susceptible to laparoscopic experience when performing robotic surgery, which can diminish the advantages of the robotic system. We discussed some key issues such as indications, use of energy instruments, surgical approach, lymph node dissection, and digestive tract reconstruction, from the habit of laparoscopic surgery, in light of our team's experience with robotic radical gastric cancer surgery and the latest literature, in order to help beginners better understand the robotic surgical system.

Objective:To investigate the impact of neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy on the safety and efficacy of radical resection in patients with cT3-4NxM0 gastric cancer.Methods:A retrospective cohort study method was used. The clinicopathological data of 515 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy after neoadjuvant treatment at Second Department of Gastric Surgery,Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Department of Gastric Surgery,Zhangzhou Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University from January 2020 to June 2023 were collected. Among them,379 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone(chemotherapy group),and 136 patients received neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy(immunotherapy group). There were 382 males and 133 females,with an age of (58.4±10.9)years(range:26 to 85 years). To reduce the influence of potential confounding factors,a 1∶1 propensity score matching method was adopted,and the clamp value was 0.02. The peri-operative safety,imaging and postoperative pathological tumor regression,and prognosis were compared by independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, χ 2 test or Fisher exact probability method between the two groups. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curves, and the differences between groups were compared by Log-rank test. Results:After matching, there were 101 patients in each of the chemotherapy group and the immunotherapy group. The baseline data of the patients in the two groups were evenly distributed (all P>0.05). According to the RECIST 1.1 criteria, the complete response rate (11.9% (12/101) vs. 4.0% (4/101)), partial response rate(68.3%(69/101) vs. 53.4%(54/101)), stable disease rate (17.8%(18/101) vs. 39.6%(40/101)) and disease progression rate (2.0%(2/101) vs. 3.0%(3/101)) between the immunotherapy group and the chemotherapy group were no statistical defferences ( χ2=14.374, P=0.002), and objective response rate (80.2%(81/101) vs. 57.4%(58/101), χ2=12.203, P<0.01) in the immunotherapy group was higher than that in the chemotherapy group. The results of postoperative pathological examination showed that the immunotherapy group had a higher complete response rate (16.8%(17/101) vs. 6.9% (7/101), χ2=4.728, P=0.030) and major pathological response rate (42.6%(43/101) vs. 23.8% (24/101), χ2=8.062, P=0.005). For the two groups, the operation time (175.0(76.0)minutes vs. 160.0 (30.0)minutes, Z=-0.059, P=0.953), intraoperative blood loss (110.0 (150.0)ml vs. 100.0 (120.0)ml, Z=-0.370, P=0.712), overall incidence of postoperative complications (20.8%(21/101) vs. 18.8%(19/101), χ2=0.125, P=0.724) and incidence of severe complications (5.0%(5/101) vs. 3.0%(3/101), χ2=0.130, P=0.718) were comparable. The median follow-up time of all patients was 46 months(range: 19 to 61 months). The 3-year overall survival rate (63.2% vs. 54.4%, P=0.035) and progression-free survival rate (59.1% vs. 45.6%, P=0.022) of the immunotherapy group were higher than those of the chemotherapy group. Meanwhile, there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of neoadjuvant-treatment-related adverse events (48.5%(49/101) vs. 40.6% (41/101), χ2=1.283, P=0.411) and the incidence of severe adverse reactions of grade 3 or above (13.9% (14/101) vs. 10.9% (11/101), χ2=0.257, P=0.522) between the two groups. Conclusion:Neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy can significantly improve the imaging and postoperative pathological tumor response rates and 3-year survival rate of patients with locally advanced gastric cancer,without increasing the incidence of postoperative complications and neoadjuvant treatment-related adverse event.

Metabolomics covers a wide range of applications in life sciences, biomedicine, and phytology. Data acquisition (to achieve high coverage and efficiency) and analysis (to pursue good classification) are two key segments involved in metabolomics workflows. Various chemometric approaches utilizing either pattern recognition or machine learning have been employed to separate different groups. However, insufficient feature extraction, inappropriate feature selection, overfitting, or underfitting lead to an insufficient capacity to discriminate plants that are often easily confused. Using two ginseng varieties, namely Panax japonicus (PJ) and Panax japonicus var. major (PJvm), containing the similar ginsenosides, we integrated pseudo-targeted metabolomics and deep neural network (DNN) modeling to achieve accurate species differentiation. A pseudo-targeted metabolomics approach was optimized through data acquisition mode, ion pairs generation, comparison between multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and scheduled MRM (sMRM), and chromatographic elution gradient. In total, 1980 ion pairs were monitored within 23 min, allowing for the most comprehensive ginseng metabolome analysis. The established DNN model demonstrated excellent classification performance (in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, area under the curve, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC)) using the entire metabolome data and feature-selection dataset, exhibiting superior advantages over random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and multilayer perceptron (MLP). Moreover, DNNs were advantageous for automated feature learning, nonlinear modeling, adaptability, and generalization. This study confirmed practicality of the established strategy for efficient metabolomics data analysis and reliable classification performance even when using small-volume samples. This established approach holds promise for plant metabolomics and is not limited to ginseng.

Metabolomics covers a wide range of applications in life sciences,biomedicine,and phytology.Data acquisition(to achieve high coverage and efficiency)and analysis(to pursue good classification)are two key segments involved in metabolomics workflows.Various chemometric approaches utilizing either pattern recognition or machine learning have been employed to separate different groups.However,insufficient feature extraction,inappropriate feature selection,overfitting,or underfitting lead to an insufficient capacity to discriminate plants that are often easily confused.Using two ginseng varieties,namely Panax japonicus(PJ)and Panax japonicus var.major(PJvm),containing the similar ginsenosides,we integrated pseudo-targeted metabolomics and deep neural network(DNN)modeling to achieve accurate species differentiation.A pseudo-targeted metabolomics approach was optimized through data acquisition mode,ion pairs generation,comparison between multiple reaction monitoring(MRM)and scheduled MRM(sMRM),and chromatographic elution gradient.In total,1980 ion pairs were monitored within 23 min,allowing for the most comprehensive ginseng metabolome analysis.The established DNN model demonstrated excellent classification performance(in terms of accuracy,precision,recall,F1 score,area under the curve,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC))using the entire metabolome data and feature-selection dataset,exhibiting superior advantages over random forest(RF),support vector ma-chine(SVM),extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost),and multilayer perceptron(MLP).Moreover,DNNs were advantageous for automated feature learning,nonlinear modeling,adaptability,and generalization.This study confirmed practicality of the established strategy for efficient metabolomics data analysis and reliable classification performance even when using small-volume samples.This established approach holds promise for plant metabolomics and is not limited to ginseng.

The da Vinci Surgical System provides surgeons with a three-dimensional image view with greater clarity, which improves surgical precision, particularly in confined surgical spaces. Compared to laparoscopic surgery, robotic surgery has a shorter learning curve and may be a better choice for surgeons. However, some surgeons are susceptible to laparoscopic experience when performing robotic surgery, which can diminish the advantages of the robotic system. We discussed some key issues such as indications, use of energy instruments, surgical approach, lymph node dissection, and digestive tract reconstruction, from the habit of laparoscopic surgery, in light of our team's experience with robotic radical gastric cancer surgery and the latest literature, in order to help beginners better understand the robotic surgical system.

Objective:To investigate the impact of neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy on the safety and efficacy of radical resection in patients with cT3-4NxM0 gastric cancer.Methods:A retrospective cohort study method was used. The clinicopathological data of 515 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy after neoadjuvant treatment at Second Department of Gastric Surgery,Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Department of Gastric Surgery,Zhangzhou Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University from January 2020 to June 2023 were collected. Among them,379 patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone(chemotherapy group),and 136 patients received neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy(immunotherapy group). There were 382 males and 133 females,with an age of (58.4±10.9)years(range:26 to 85 years). To reduce the influence of potential confounding factors,a 1∶1 propensity score matching method was adopted,and the clamp value was 0.02. The peri-operative safety,imaging and postoperative pathological tumor regression,and prognosis were compared by independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, χ 2 test or Fisher exact probability method between the two groups. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curves, and the differences between groups were compared by Log-rank test. Results:After matching, there were 101 patients in each of the chemotherapy group and the immunotherapy group. The baseline data of the patients in the two groups were evenly distributed (all P>0.05). According to the RECIST 1.1 criteria, the complete response rate (11.9% (12/101) vs. 4.0% (4/101)), partial response rate(68.3%(69/101) vs. 53.4%(54/101)), stable disease rate (17.8%(18/101) vs. 39.6%(40/101)) and disease progression rate (2.0%(2/101) vs. 3.0%(3/101)) between the immunotherapy group and the chemotherapy group were no statistical defferences ( χ2=14.374, P=0.002), and objective response rate (80.2%(81/101) vs. 57.4%(58/101), χ2=12.203, P<0.01) in the immunotherapy group was higher than that in the chemotherapy group. The results of postoperative pathological examination showed that the immunotherapy group had a higher complete response rate (16.8%(17/101) vs. 6.9% (7/101), χ2=4.728, P=0.030) and major pathological response rate (42.6%(43/101) vs. 23.8% (24/101), χ2=8.062, P=0.005). For the two groups, the operation time (175.0(76.0)minutes vs. 160.0 (30.0)minutes, Z=-0.059, P=0.953), intraoperative blood loss (110.0 (150.0)ml vs. 100.0 (120.0)ml, Z=-0.370, P=0.712), overall incidence of postoperative complications (20.8%(21/101) vs. 18.8%(19/101), χ2=0.125, P=0.724) and incidence of severe complications (5.0%(5/101) vs. 3.0%(3/101), χ2=0.130, P=0.718) were comparable. The median follow-up time of all patients was 46 months(range: 19 to 61 months). The 3-year overall survival rate (63.2% vs. 54.4%, P=0.035) and progression-free survival rate (59.1% vs. 45.6%, P=0.022) of the immunotherapy group were higher than those of the chemotherapy group. Meanwhile, there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of neoadjuvant-treatment-related adverse events (48.5%(49/101) vs. 40.6% (41/101), χ2=1.283, P=0.411) and the incidence of severe adverse reactions of grade 3 or above (13.9% (14/101) vs. 10.9% (11/101), χ2=0.257, P=0.522) between the two groups. Conclusion:Neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy can significantly improve the imaging and postoperative pathological tumor response rates and 3-year survival rate of patients with locally advanced gastric cancer,without increasing the incidence of postoperative complications and neoadjuvant treatment-related adverse event.

Identifying the compound formulae-related xenobiotics in bio-samples is full of challenges.Conventional strategies always exhibit the insufficiencies in overall coverage,analytical efficiency,and degree of automation,and the results highly rely on the personal knowledge and experience.The goal of this work was to establish a software-aided approach,by integrating ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/ion-mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS)and in-house high-definition MS2 library,to enhance the identification of prototypes and metabolites of the compound formulae in vivo,taking Sishen formula(SSF)as a template.Seven different MS2 acquisition methods were compared,which demonstrated the potency of a hybrid scan approach(namely high-definition data-independent/data-dependent acquisition(HDDIDDA))in the identification precision,MS1 coverage,and MS2 spectra quality.The HDDIDDA data for 55 reference compounds,four component drugs,and SSF,together with the rat bio-samples(e.g.,plasma,urine,feces,liver,and kidney),were acquired.Based on the UNIFI? platform(Waters),the efficient data processing workflows were estab-lished by combining mass defect filtering(MDF)-induced classification,diagnostic product ions(DPIs),and neutral loss filtering(NLF)-dominated structural confirmation.The high-definition MS2 spectral li-braries,dubbed in vitro-SSF and in vivo-SSF,were elaborated,enabling the efficient and automatic identification of SSF-associated xenobiotics in diverse rat bio-samples.Consequently,118 prototypes and 206 metabolites of SSF were identified,with the identification rate reaching 80.51％and 79.61％,respectively.The metabolic pathways mainly involved the oxidation,reduction,hydrolysis,sulfation,methylation,demethylation,acetylation,glucuronidation,and the combined reactions.Conclusively,the proposed strategy can drive the identification of compound formulae-related xenobiotics in vivo in an intelligent manner.

Objective:To evaluate the values of 18F-PI-2620 PET/CT brain imaging with SUV ratio (SUVR) in the assessment of tau protein deposition in the brain of patients with different cognitive disorders and its correlation with cognition. Methods:This was a cross-sectional study. From December 2019 to November 2022, a total of 67 subjects including 54 patients with Alzheimer′s disease (AD; 21 males, 33 females, age (68.6±7.8) years), 7 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; 1 male, 6 females, age (63.1±11.2) years) and 6 healthy controls (HC; 4 males, 2 females, age (69.0±5.8) years) were enrolled retrospectively in Renji Hospital. All participants were examined by 18F-PI-2620 PET/CT. SUVRs of brain regions were obtained, including frontal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, parietal lobe, insular lobe, whole brain, as well as 10 independent brain ROIs (amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus, superior occipital gyrus, superior parietal gyrus, inferior angular gyrus, precuneus, inferior temporal gyrus, entorhinal cortex and parahippocampal gyrus), with inferior cerebellum cortex as the reference region. All participants were estimated by cognitive scales(mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA)). One-way analysis of variance and the least significant difference t test were used to compare the differences of SUVR in each brain region among HC, MCI and AD groups. ROC curve analysis was used to determine the optimal cut-off values of SUVR in each brain region for the differential diagnosis of AD-MCI and AD-HC. Pearson correlation analysis was employed to examine the correlations of SUVR with cognitive scale scores. Results:The SUVR of whole brain was 1.40±0.31 in AD group, 1.08±0.19 in MCI group, and 1.01±0.12 in HC group. SUVR analysis in the whole brain and each brain region could distinguish AD from HC, AD from MCI ( F values: 1.76-10.09, t values: 2.98-7.47, all P<0.05), but could not distinguish HC from MCI ( t values: 0.17-1.53, all P>0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the best cut-off value of SUVR was 1.18 for whole brain (AUC=0.89), 1.13 for amygdala (AUC=0.94) and 1.26 for parahippocampal gyrus (AUC=0.94) for differential diagnosis of AD and HC, which was 1.06 for whole brain (AUC=0.82), 1.18 for amygdala (AUC=0.88) and 1.28 (AUC=0.88) for infratemporal gyrus to differential diagnosis of AD and MCI. SUVRs of the whole brain, frontal, occipital, parietal, temporal and insula were significantly negatively correlated with MMSE and MoCA cognitive scale scores ( r values: from -0.64 to -0.40, all P<0.05). Conclusions:SUVR quantitative analysis in 18F-PI-2620 PET imaging can assist the differential diagnosis of AD and HC, AD and MCI. The SUVRs of whole brain and five lobes show negative correlations with MMSE and MoCA scores.