Complement C3 plays a critical role in periodontitis. However, its source, role and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In our study, by analyzing single-cell sequencing data from mouse model of periodontitis, we identified that C3 is primarily derived from periodontal fibroblasts. Subsequently, we demonstrated that C3a has a detrimental effect in ligature-induced periodontitis. C3ar^-/- mice exhibited significantly less destruction of periodontal support tissues compared to wild-type mice, characterized by mild gingival tissue damage and reduced alveolar bone loss. This reduction was associated with decreased production of pro-inflammatory mediators and reduced osteoclast infiltration in the periodontal tissues. Mechanistic studies suggested that C3a could promote macrophage polarization and osteoclast differentiation. Finally, by analyzing single-cell sequencing data from the periodontal tissues of patients with periodontitis, we found that the results observed in mice were consistent with human data. Therefore, our findings clearly demonstrate the destructive role of fibroblast-derived C3 in ligature-induced periodontitis, driven by macrophage M1 polarization and osteoclast differentiation. These data strongly support the feasibility of C3a-targeted interventions for the treatment of human periodontitis.
Animals ; Osteoclasts/cytology* ; Periodontitis/metabolism* ; Cell Differentiation ; Mice ; Fibroblasts/metabolism* ; Macrophages ; Disease Models, Animal ; Complement C3/metabolism* ; Humans ; Disease Progression ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Male ; Mice, Knockout

Objective To investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of sodium butyrate on rats exposed to hypoxia and cold conditions.Methods Fifty-eight male SD rats (aged 7～8 weeks,weighing 240～260 g ) were randomly divided into normoxia normothermia saline control (NNC ) group (n=10),normoxia normothermia sodium butyrate(NNB)group(n=10),hypoxia cold saline control (HCC) group (n=19),and hypoxia cold sodium butyrate (HCB)group (n=19).The intragastric dose of sodium butyrate was 200 mg/kg for the NNB and HCB groups,while the NNC and HCC groups were given normal saline of 5 mL/kg.①After continuous intragastric administration for 7 d,the rats in the HCC and HCB groups were placed in a low-pressure hypoxic chamber to simulate an altitude of 5000 m and exposed to a temperature of 8 ℃ for 7 d.Subsequently,blood samples were collected from the abdominal aorta for blood gas analysis,blood routine test,and detection for serum biochemical indicators.ELISA was used to determine serum inflammatory cytokines and endocrine hormones.The rats in the NNC and NNB groups(n=10)were fed outside the chamber and underwent the same tests in 7 d later to evaluate the protective effects of sodium butyrate on the body.②Core body temperature monitoring was conducted to assess the impact of sodium butyrate on the rmoregulation in rats exposed to hypoxia and cold(n=3).③Hypoxia exercise tolerance of the HCC group and HCB group in a hypoxic chamber (11％O2 )was evaluated for their hypoxia resistance (n=6).Results Compared to the NNC group,the rats in the HCC group exhibited significant decreases in arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2 )and arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2 ),serum levels of IL-4,estradiol (E2)and cortisol (F),core temperature,and exercise duration (P<0.05),and had notably increased levels of red blood cell (RBC)count,hemoglobin (HGB),hematocrit (HCT),cardiac troponin (CRDAC-T),uric acid (UA),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),total cholesterol (TC),low-density lipoprotein (LDL),IL-6 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)(P<0.05).Compared to the HCC group,the rats in the HCB group exhibited significant increases in SaO2,PaO2,IL-4,E2,F,corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)(P<0.05),remarkably longer exercise duration under hypoxic exposure (P<0.05 ),but decreases in RBC count,serum levels of HGB,HCT,CRDAC-T,UA,ALT,TC,LDL,IL-6,GM-CSF and free thyroxine (FT4 ),and core temperature (P<0.05).Conclusion Sodium butyrate exhibits protective effects on rats exposed to hypoxia and cold conditions,and it is helpful in their adaptation to these hypoxia and cold environments.

Objective:To compare the efficacies of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) and functional dressings in primary repair of spinal cord injury complicated with lacunar soft tissue defects.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 30 patients with spinal cord injury complicated with lacunar soft tissue defects. The patients were admitted to West China Hospital, Sichuan University from January 2020 to December 2022, including 20 males and 10 females; aged 23-54 years [(42.1±7.8)years]. Wound site was located at the sacrococcygeal region in 16 patients, the buttock in 11, and the femoral trochanter in 3. Wound area was 28-36 cm 2 [(32.1±2.1)cm 2]. Time of wound formation was at range of 1-4 months [(2.0±0.8)months]. Among them, 15 patients received functional dressing treatment after mechanical/ultrasonic debridement (dressing treatment group), and 15 patients received NPWT treatment on the basis of mechanical/ultrasonic debridement (negative pressure treatment group). The following items were compared between the two groups: the time of primary wound repair, results of bacterial culture of wound secretions before and at the end of primary wound repair, and levels of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) as well as Bates-Jensen wound assessment tool (BWAT) score before, at 5 days after the primary repair and at the end of the primary repair. Results:All the patients were followed up for 3-6 months [(4.1±0.9)months]. The time of primary wound repair in the negative pressure treatment group was (13.4±2.3)days, which was markedly shorter than that in the dressing treatment group [(22.8±2.5)days] ( P<0.01). Before the primary repair, 11 patients in the negative pressure treatment group showed positive bacterial culture of wound secretions [73.3% (11/15)], and 9 patients in the dressing treatment group were positive [60.0% (9/15)] ( P>0.05). At the end of primary repair, there was 1 patient with positive bacterial culture of wound secretions in the negative pressure treatment group [6.7% (1/15)], which was less than 7 patients in the dressing treatment group [46.7% (7/15)] ( P<0.05). The numbers of positive patients at the end of the primary repair were lower than those before the primary repair in both groups, and the difference in the negative pressure treatment group was statistically significant ( P<0.01), with no significant difference found in the dressing treatment group ( P>0.05). Before the primary repair, the IL-6, CRP and BWAT score were 20.5(8.4, 32.3)pg/ml, 24.2(14.7, 33.0)mg/L, and (37.1±4.8)points in the negative pressure treatment group, comparable with 13.8(11.8, 35.4)pg/ml, 23.6(13.1, 52.3)mg/L, and (35.2±4.7)points in the dressing treatment group (all P>0.05). At 5 days after primary repair, the IL-6, CRP and BWAT score in the negative pressure treatment group were 20.2(7.9, 28.6)pg/ml, 20.0(11.6, 30.5)mg/L, and (34.9±4.3)points, comparable with 11.6(8.9, 20.6)pg/ml, 25.3(10.0, 50.3)mg/L, and (35.2±4.5)points in the dressing treatment group (all P>0.05). At the end of primary repair, the IL-6, CRP and BWAT score were 2.3(1.5, 4.5)pg/ml, 4.8(3.7, 6.9)mg/L, and (23.6±1.8)points in the negative pressure treatment group, statistically different from 4.4(3.3, 6.9)pg/ml, 8.4(5.5, 31.4)mg/L, and (31.4±3.3)points in the dressing treatment group (all P<0.01). The IL-6, CRP and BWAT score at the end of the primary repair were significantly different compared with those before and at 5 days after the primary repair in the two groups ( P<0.05 or 0.01). However, no significant difference was found between the two groups before and at 5 days after the primary repair (all P>0.05). Conclusion:Compared with functional dressings, NPWT can shorten the time required for primary repair of spinal cord injury complicated with lacunar soft tissue defects, control the inflammatory state of the wound, improve the trend of wound healing, and create a good condition for secondary repair treatment of the wound.

Pathological diagnosis of salivary gland tumors is one of the most challenging areas in all head and neck surgical pathology. The classification of salivary gland tumors was updated in the 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumours, most of which were based on their molecular pathological characteristerics. This new classification features a description of several new entitiesamong benign and malignant neoplasms, salivary gland tumors with updated naming or diagnostic criteria, and lesions deleted from this section, etc.This present review focuses on the updates and changes in the new classification of salivary gland tumors, and provides some reference for head and neck surgeons and pathologists.
Humans ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms/pathology* ; Salivary Glands ; World Health Organization

The document represented the consensus amongst the professionals from the Society of TMD & Occlusion, Chinese Stomatological Association and provided guidelines with the MRI examination specification and diagnostic criteria of temporomandibular joint disc displacement.

The document represented the consensus amongst the professionals from the Society of TMD & Occlusion, Chinese Stomatological Association and provided guidelines with the cone-beam CT examination specification and diagnostic criteria of temporomandibular disorders.

By removing a part of the structure, the tooth preparation provides restorative space, bonding surface, and finish line for various restorations on abutment. Preparation technique plays critical role in achieving the optimal result of tooth preparation. With successful application of microscope in endodontics for >30 years, there is a full expectation of microscopic dentistry. However, as relatively little progress has been made in the application of microscopic dentistry in prosthodontics, the following assumptions have been proposed: Is it suitable to choose the tooth preparation technique under the naked eye in the microscopic vision? Is there a more accurate preparation technology intended for the microscope? To obtain long-term stable therapeutic effects, is it much easier to achieve maximum tooth preservation and retinal protection and maintain periodontal tissue and oral function health under microscopic vision? Whether the microscopic prosthodontics is a gimmick or a breakthrough in obtaining an ideal tooth preparation should be resolved in microscopic tooth preparation. This article attempts to illustrate the concept, core elements, and indications of microscopic minimally invasive tooth preparation, physiological basis of dental pulp, periodontium and functions involved in tool preparation, position ergonomics and visual basis for dentists, comparison of tooth preparation by naked eyes and a microscope, and comparison of different designs of microscopic minimally invasive tooth preparation techniques. Furthermore, a clinical protocol for microscopic minimally invasive tooth preparation based on target restorative space guide plate has been put forward and new insights on the quantity and shape of microscopic minimally invasive tooth preparation has been provided.

Objective:To study the antimicrobial properties of CaO/ZnO core-shell nanoparticles.Methods:The CaO/ZnO core-shell nanoparticles were prepared via precipitation method.The pH and calcium ion release from the samples which composed of eugenol and nanoparticles were examined respectively.The form of the particles was observed under electron microscope,the ions were analysed by inductively coupled plasma(ICP).The antibacterial activities against Streptococcus mutans,Enterococcus faecalis,Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were evaluated by agar diffusion test (ADT).Results:CaO/ZnO core-shell nanoparticles were spherical with core-shell structure and with the diameter of 80-90 nm.The calcium ion release and pH were gradually increasing from the nanoparticles in PBS.The antibacterial activity of CaO/ZnO core-shell nanoparticles-eugenol was significantly greater than that of iRoot SP and zinc oxide-eugenol sealer(P<0.01).Conclusion:CaO/ZnO core-shell nanoparticles possess antibacterial activity.

Objective To determine the expression and clinical value of neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods One hundred and fifty-one cases of HCC tissues and 89 cases of healthy liver tissues were chosen to compare the expression of NRP-1 by immunohistochemistry.Then the relationships between different clinical factors and the expression of NRP-1 were analyzed by univariate and multivariate statistical analysis.Moreover,the survival rates were compared by survival analysis between different expressions of NRP-1 in HCC patients.Results Eleven cases were lost to follow-up or died for non HCC disease,and the effective cases in the final study were 140 cases.The positive expression rates of NRP-1 in HCC and normal liver tissues were 65.00％ and 35.96％ respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =18.843,P ＜0.001).According to the expression level of NRP-1,140 patients with HCC were divided into negative expression group (n =49) and positive expression group (n =91).Univariate analysis showed that the expression of NRP-1 in HCC was correlated with tumor number (x2 =8.025,P =0.005),TNM stage (x2 =26.467,P ＜ 0.001),differentiation degree (x2 =15.296,P ＜ 0.001),portal vein invasion (x2 =9.054,P =0.003) and hepatic vein invasion (x2 =5.928,P =0.015).Multivariate statistical analysis showed that TNM stage (OR =1.392,95％ CI:1.121-1.730,x2 =8.950,P =0.003),differentiation degree (OR =1.469,95％ CI:1.102-1.958,x2 =6.862,P =0.009),portal vein invasion (OR =1.829,95％ CI:1.157-2.893,x2 =6.665,P =0.010) and hepatic vein invasion (OR =2.161,95％ CI:1.172-3.987,x2 =6.084,P =0.014) were important factors for NRP-1 expression.The median survival time of NRP-1 negative HCC patients was significantly longer than that of positive group (44 months vs.23 months),and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =21.922,P ＜0.001).Conclusion NRP-1 is over-expression in HCC tissue and related to the malignant progress of HCC,and this suggests poor prognosis in patients with HCC.