Objective To analyze the -ness of clinical indications of the cesarean section in evidence-based medicine,and to search for the countermeasure that dropped the higher cesarean section rates.Methods Between March 2003 and February 2006,1596 cases pregnant women with cesarean sections were analyzed retrospectively. Results In the latest 3 years,average cesarean section rate was 41%,which was higher than the proposed goals of the World Health Organization(

Today's operation environment integrated complex imaging and image integration of sterile surgical guide equipment and advanced technology, the highly advanced equipment, technology is a highly integrated, high degree of integration, completely changed the traditional surgery, arises at the historic moment is complex suitable for different types of operation of the operating room. This paper summarizes some compound in the operating room development course, according to the clinical demand constantly appear different type composite configuration and composite operating room equipment, for the future development of composite operating room was prospected.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of arsenic in urine by microwave digestion-oscillopolarographic method. Methods The urine samples were treated by microwave digestion. After being reduced to As3+,total arsenic in the samples was determined by oscillopolarographic method in the system of H2SO4-KBr-Se4+. The experiment conditions were optimized. Results The linear range of the method was 0-50 ?g/L(r=0.999 8),the limit of detection was 0.67 ?g/L,the relative standard deviation was 1.44%,and the rates of recovery were 95.0% -103.0%. Conclusion The method is simple,rapid,accurate and applicable to the determination of arsenic in human urine,which presents an advantage of low losing of arsenic in the treatment and determination.

OBJECTIVE:To probe into the related problems in the application of the cost-effectiveness analysis in pharmacoeconomics METHODS:To discuss the problems in the cost-effectiveness analysis by means of literature metrology,pharmacoeconomic criteria and mathematical proof RESULTS & CONCLUSION:When the cost-effectiveness analysis is adopted in evaluating the economy of drugs,we should especially pay attention to the selection of the clinical treatment indices,the calculation of costs,the usage of the incremental analysis and the comparison with the cost-minimization analysis

Objective To study the effect of acupuncture Zusanli on brain functional magnetic resonance imaging.Methods 96 healthy volunteers were randomly divided into acupoint group and non-acupoint group.The acupoint group received acupuncture Zusanli,and the non-acupoint group received manipulation,acupuncture and sham acupuncture.The functional brain imaging was determined by MRI,the brain functional images were compared between two groups.Results All subjects were matched with the end of the experiment,the acupoint group received acupoint stimulation,had obvious needling sensation,the non-acupoint group had mild needling sensation.The acupoint group activated 13 brain regions,non-acupoint group in 10 brain regions,the thalamus,pons,supramarginal gyrus in non-acupoint group without the activation.In the basal ganglia (28 cases vs.5cases) and temporal lobe (38cases vs.21cases) between the two groups were activated,the difference was statistically significant(x2 =36.250,P ＜ 0.05).In the temporal lobe,the left hemisphere response rate(73.68％) was significantly higher than the right hemisphere (36.84％),the difference was statistically significant (x2 =8.265,P ＜ 0.05).In the basal ganglia,left hemisphere activation (67.86％) was higher than that of the right hemisphere(42.86％),but the difference was not statistically significant (x2 =0.724,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The research of acupuncture by brain functional magnetic resonance imaging showed that Zusanli acupoint can activate the brain function area through brain regulation and treatment of body organs,so as to prove the existence of its own and meridian sensing characteristics.

BACKGROUND:Despite regular mesh hydroxyapatite has certain biocompatibility and bone conductivity, it cannot be absorbed by human body after transplantation, and wil affect the growth and eruption of maxila and fangs when using for filing the injured alveolar cleft. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of conventional and new mesh hydroxyapatite composites in repair of alveolar cleft defects. METHODS: Totaly 46 patients with cleft lip and palate were randomly and evenly divided into test and control groups, and al were arranged according to cleft lip and palate sequence treatment. After nasal soft tissue defect repair, new mesh hydroxyapatite composite bone material (hydroxyapatite and bone morphogenetic protein compound). Conventional mesh hydroxyapatite material was adopted in the test and control groups, respectively. Within 6 months after the repair, the vertical distance from the newly formed bone tissue plane to the top of alveolar ridge was observed. The clinical repair effect was comprehensively evaluated from the aspects of complications, alveolar cleft shape and size, calus formation and material absorption. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks, the vertical distance from the newly formed bone tissue plane to the top of alveolar ridge in the test group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The clinical repairing significant efficiency and total effective rate were al higher than those in the control group (P< 0.05). These results show that new mesh hydroxyapatite composite bone materials in the repair of alveolar cleft defects have good bone osteoinductivity and biocompatibility, rare complications and rapid calus formation.

Objective To quantitatively observe the actual levels of 4977 bp and 3895 bp mitochon-drial DNA (mtDNA) deletion in healthy human skin of different age, and to explore their relationship with intrinsic aging and photoaging. Methods Seventy-one samples of skin tissue were obtained from healthy volunteers, including 40 samples from UV-protected areas (buttock, thigh, waist or abdomen) and 31 from UV-exposed areas (neck, back of hands, forehead or face). Nuclear and mitochundrial DNA was extracted from these samples. Conventional PCR was performed to detect the incidence of 4977 bp and 3895 bp mtDNA deletion. Then, SYBR Green real-time PCR was applied to quantitatively analyze the target mutations in posi-tive samples. Results Conventional PCR showed that the incidence of both 4977 bp deletion and 3895 bp deletion increased with age. For example, the incidence of 4977 bp deletion and 3895 bp deletion accounted for 47.5% (19/40) and 30% (12/40), respectively in samples from volunteers older than 40 years, signifi-cantly higher than that in those from volunteers younger than 40 years (X2 = 4.673, 6.118, respectively, both P < 0.05). The total incidence of 4977 bp deletion and 3895 bp deletion in UV-exposed areas was 48.4% (15/31) and 32.3% (9/31), respectively, which did not differ from those in UV-protected areas. The results from real-time PCR revealed a positive correlation of the copy number of 4977 10p deletion and 3895 bp deletion with age (rg = 0.907, 0.845, respectively, both P < 0.05). When the UV-exposed area was compared with the UV-protected area, no significant difference was found in the copy number of 4977 bp deletion ( P = 0.264), whereas a higher level of 3895 bp deletion was noticed in UV-exposed area (P = 0.014). Conclu-sions The 4977 bp mtDNA deletion is primarily associated with chronological aging, and might serve as a biomarker for the process of chronological aging of skin. Deletion of 3895 bp mtDNA seems to be more sus-ceptible to ultraviolet radiation.

To investigate the changes of plasma adrenomedullin(ADM) and adrenotensin(ADT) levels and their clinical significance in the pathological process of congestive heart failure(CHF), plasma levels of ADM and ADT in 45 patients with CHF before and after treatment were measured by specific radioimmunoassay. The results indicated that before treatment, plasma levels of ADM in class Ⅱ and Ⅲ CHF patients were 51.46?4.52pg/ml, 70.39?3.22pg/ml and plasma levels of ADT in class Ⅱ and Ⅲ CHF patients were 29.98?1.13pg/ml, 33.45?0.91pg/ml, respectively,which were higher than those of the control subjects(24.12?1.59pg/ml and 24.89?2.19pg/ml, respectively)(P

Objectives To study the changes of plasma levels of proadrenomedullin N terminal peptide(PAMP) in patients with congestive heart faillure(CHF) before and after drug treatment and its significance.Methods Plasma PAMP levels in 45 patients with CHF and 7 heathy control subjects were measured by specific radioimmunoassy.Results The plasma PAMP levels in patients with CHF were significantly decreased with the deterioration of cardiac function.Plasma PAMP levels in 45 patients in NYHA class Ⅳ(2 79?0 89pg/mL) were significantly lower than those in class Ⅱ(6 24?1 71pg/mL)?class Ⅲ(7 38?1 28pg/mL) and control subjects(8 56?2 44pg/mL)(P

AIM: To promote the quality standard of Senbei Beigua Oral Thick Paste (Fructus Cucurbitae, Radix Codonopsis, Radix Adepophorae, Bulbus Fritillariae Thunbergii, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens) . METHODS: Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens, Fructus Cucurbitae were identified by TLC. Peimine content was determined by TLCS. RESULTS: The study showed that spots of samples on TLC can be well separated and the method had strong specificity. The quantification method had a good linear at the range of 0.326-1.194 ?g. The average recovery was 96.8% and RSD was 0.87%. CONCLUSION: The methods for identification and quantification are simple, accurate and reproducible. It can be used for quality control of Senbeibeigua Oral Thick Paste.