Objective To evaluate patient outcomes of sustained low flow oxygen inhalation therapy with humidifying and non-humidifying oxygen.Methods Randomized controlled trial (RCT) about sustained low flow oxygen therapy with humidifying and non-humidifying oxygen were searched from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),Wanfang database,VIP database,PubMed on line.Literatures were searched from the database had been established till now.The primary outcome of the rate of unpleasant respiratory symptoms,oxygen humidification cylinder pollution as well as secondary lower respiratory tract infections were attached importance to.Two reviewers evaluated the literatures independently according to the RCT authentic assessment manual of Cochrane Collaboration.Negotiation took as the measure to attach an agreement.RevMan 5.2 was used to analyses the result of the study.Results A total of 15 met the inclusion criteria,Meta-analysis showed that humidifying and non-humidifying oxygen was not statistically significant with the rate of unpleasant respiratory symptoms (P ＞ 0.05).Non-humidifying group was better than humidity group at the rate of oxygen humidification cylinder pollution and the secondary lower respiratory symptoms (Z=2.50,2.44,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Low flow nasal oxygen inhalation therapy may not have to use humidifying oxygen.

Objective To evaluate clinical efficacy and safety of loratadine combined with desloratadine in the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria(CSU)in children. Methods A total of 177 children with CSU were enrolled into this study, and randomly and equally divided into 3 groups:combination group treated with an age?based dose of desloratadine tablet every morning and a weight?based dose of loratadine tablet before sleep every night for consecutive 28 days, loratadine group treated with a half tablet of placebo(starch tablet)every morning and oral loratadine tablet before sleep every night for consecutive 28 days, and desloratadine group treated with a half tablet of placebo (starch tablet) every morning and oral desloratadine tablet before sleep every night for 28 consecutive days. Possible adverse reactions were observed and recorded after the start of treatment, and therapeutic effects were evaluated at the end of treatment. Results A total of 166 patients completed the trial, including 55 in the combination group, 56 in the loratadine group and 55 in the desloratadine group. After 28?day treatment, the total response rate was significantly higher in the combination group(90.9%, 50/55)than in the loratadine group (71.4%[40/56],χ2=6.865, P<0.05)and desloratadine group(74.5%[41/55],χ2=5.153, P<0.05). No significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions was observed among the combination group (10.9%[6/55]), loratadine group (8.9%[5/56]) and desloratadine group (9.1%[5/55], P > 0.05). Conclusion Combination of loratadine and desloratadine was superior to loratadine or desloratadine alone in the treatment of childhood CSU, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions among the 3 treatment groups.

Medical parasitology education has been facing some difficulties because it is a course of wide range lacking clini?cal cases and concerned specimens of parasites currently. In addition its relationship with life is not closely enough. All these reasons may impact the effect of class education negatively. Therefore it is important to increase the vitality of parasitology edu?cation and diversify the instructional mode by using the resources from Internet. In recent years the Discovery Channel has up?loaded a documentary Monsters Inside Me online. This documentary is high professional and closely linked with parasitology. It maintains numbers of clinical cases about parasitic diseases. Each episode is about 3 minutes and shortly enough to be intro?duced into class teaching. However this resource has not been fully used in domestic temporally. We found that direct introduc?tion of the documentary into class teaching can enrich teaching forms to attract learning interest of students and finally improve the teaching effect of class. Above that another popular documentary A Bite of China involves many related knowledge points of parasitology. The appropriate usage of the knowledge can build up close linkage between book and life which is extremely help?ful to give students a deep impression of parasitology. In brief it is our strong recommendation to introduce the documentary Monsters Inside Me into class.

Objective To study the characteristics of neutralization antibody in mice induced by DNA vaccines of hemagglutinin(HA) of novel H1N1 influenza A virus(2009H1N1).Methods HA encoding plasmids of 2009H1N1 or 1918H1N1(2009HA or 1918HA)were constructed.25 μg or 200 μg dosage of 2009HA plasmids were used to immunize the mice,the total antibody of anti-20O9HA or cross-reactive antibody were assayed by ELISA using 2009HA or 1918HA protein as capture antigen,and the neutralizing antibody were assayed by two kinds of virus pseudo - particles(pp) of 2009H1N1 and 1918H1N1 .Results During of 4 to 16 weeks after boost immunization,in two groups of mice immunized with 25 μg or 200 μg dosage 2009HA plasmids,both total antibody of anti-2009HA and neutralizing antibody to 2009H1Nlpp reached the similar level(P ＞0.05),and there were cross-reactive antibody to 1918HA protein in two groups of mice serum,with similar titers of cross-neutralizing activity to 1918H1N1 pp(P ＞0.05),Conclusion A low dosage DNA vaccine encoding HA of 2009 H1 N1 virus is able to induce persistent and high level of neutralizing antibody,and may be potential valuable vaccine against the new emerging influenza virus.

Objective:To investigate the difference and relationship between synaptophysin, vimentin in positive or negative schizophrenia.Methods:Fifty-nine patients with schizophrenia mainly presented positive syndrome(positive case group), 41 patients with schizophrenia mainly presented negative syndrome(negative case group), 100 individuals without schizophrenia were enrolled.Patients with schizophrenia were assessed with positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS), then the patients were divided into positive symptom group (positive group, n=59) and negative symptom group (negative group, n=41). The serum levels of synaptophysin and vimentin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa). The levels of serum synaptophysin and vimentin were compared among the groups by independent t test.The correlation between positive and negative symptoms and serum levels of synaptophysin and vimentin were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results:In the positive case group: the synaptophysin level after treatment ((80.34±9.94)μg/L)was significantly lower than that before treatment ((102.89±12.03)μg/L). The vimentin level after treatment ((10.81±1.98)μg/L)was significantly lower than that before treatment((13.96±2.10)μg/L). The differences were statistically significant(both P<0.01). In the negative case group: the synaptophysin level after treatment ((80.42±10.61)μg/L) was significantly lower than that before treatment((102.98±11.04)μg/L). The vimentin level after treatment ((11.18±1.74)μg/L)was significantly lower than that before treatment((14.14±1.82)μg/L). The differences were statistically significant(both P<0.01). The synaptophysin levels in the positive case group and the negative case group were significantly higher than those in the control group((64.29±11.26)μg/L). The vimentin levels in the positive case group and the negative case group were significantly higher than those in the control group((8.33±1.62)μg/L). The differences were statistically significant(all P<0.01). The PANSS score of the positive and negative case group were significantly decreased after treatment compared with before treatment, the differences were statistically significant( P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis suggested that synaptophysin was positively correlated with positive scale score in positive case group( r=0.650, P<0.01). Vimentin was positively correlated with negative scale score in negative case group( r=0.629, P<0.01). Conclusion:There may be different pathological mechanisms in schizophrenia with positive and negative symptoms.

Objectives To investigate the occipital cortex metabolite alterations in repetitive and severe neonatal hypoglycemia rats treated with sodium pyruvate and to reveal the protective role of sodium pyruvate using high resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Methods Thirty-six 2-dayold Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into hypoglycemia group and pyruvate group with 18 rats in each group.Rats in both groups received intraperitoneal injections of insulin (40 U/kg body weight) at 2,4 and 6 days of age to induce severe hypoglycemia (blood glucose value ≤ 1.4 mmol/L).In the hypoglycemia group,2.5 hours after insulin injection,intraperitoneal injection of 50％ glucose (2 ml/kg) was administered to terminate hypoglycemia,while in the pyruvate group,50％ glucose (2 ml/kg) and sodium pyruvate solution 2.5 ml/kg (500 mg/kg) were injected.Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay was used to observe the status of injured neurons in six neonatal rats,and metabolite changes in occipital cortex of the other 12 rats were detected by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.The difference between the two groups was compared by independent-samples t test.Results Neonatal rats of both groups reached severe hypoglycemia level 2.5 hours after insulin injection.Compared with hypoglycemia group,pyruvate group had fewer injured neurons (45±5 vs 113 ± 12,t=0.782,P=0.013) and lower injured index in the occipital cortex (0.15 ± 0.03 vs 0.36 ± 0.06,t=l.143,P=0.020).Pyruvate group showed significant decreases in the concentration of taurine [(13.31 ± 2.06) vs (18.44 ± 3.86) mol/kg,t=8.231],glutamine[(1.50 ± 0.24) vs (2.02 ± 0.40) mol/kg,t=3.137],glutamate[(7.04 ± 0.95) vs (9.40 ± 1.73) mol/kg,t=6.449],aspartate[(1.51 ± 0.28) vs (2.15 ± 0.58) mol/kg,t=2.561] and creatine [(6.37±0.99) vs (8.46± 1.77) mol/kg,t =4.226] in the occipital cortex (all P'＜0.017).Conclusions Simultaneous use of glucose and sodium pyruvate to terminate hypoglycemia in repetitive and severe neonatal hypoglycemia rats can effectively alleviate severe hypoglycemia-induced occipital lobe damage via regulating excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters,energy metabolism and other metabolic pathways.

COVID-19 is a novel respiratory infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants poses a serious threat to the public health. A bedside device with high specificity and sensitivity for real-time and rapid detection is of great value for the prevention and control of COVID-19. Moreover, understanding the transmission behavior of airborne pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 is also vital for scientific disease prevention. Biosensors are devices that can convert biomolecular reaction signals into detectable physical or chemical signals and have been increasingly used for the detection and analysis of pathogenic microorganisms. Biosensors bases on the conventional detection methods such as colony counting, immunoassays and molecular techniques are often time-consuming, labor-intensive and complicated. Nanomaterial-based biosensors are more portable and can be used for rapid on-site detection. This review summarized the progress in biosensors for pathogen detection and the application of nanomaterial based-biosensors in the surveillance of airborne pathogens.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the metabolic profiles of urine from mice with early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: Urine samples were collected from 13 mice of 16 weeks and 15 wild-type mice. H-NMR spectroscopy was acquired with a one-dimensional NOESY pulse sequence, and the integral values were imported to SIMCA-P+12.0 software for analysis. RESULTS: The metabonomic analysis showed that the metabolic profiles of the mice were significantly different from that of age-matched wild-type mice. The levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate, 2-hydroxybutyrate, succinic acid, 2-ketoglutaric acid, citric acid, cis-aconitic acid, fumaric acid decreased, and those of acetic acid, trimethylamine, taurine, creatinine, hippuric acid, formic acid, trigonelline, urea increased (all <0.05). CONCLUSIONS Metabolic pathways including glucose metabolism and methylamine metabolism may be involved in the pathogenesis of early AD.
Alzheimer Disease ; urine ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Metabolome ; Metabolomics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

Objective:To propose an automatic planning approach for Eclipse15.6 planning system based on Eclipse scripting application programming interface (ESAPI) and evaluate its clinical application.Methods:20 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and 20 cases of rectal cancer were selected in the clinical planning. The developed automatic planning script SmartPlan and RapidPlan were used for automatic planning and dosimetric parameters were compared with manual planning. The differences were compared between two groups by using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results:The dosimetric results of automatic and manual plans could meet clinical requirements. There was no significant difference in target coverage in nasopharyngeal carcinoma planning between two groups ( P>0.05), and automatic plans were superior to manual plans in organs at risk sparing ( P<0.05). Except for the homogeneity index of PTV and the maximum dose of bowel in rectal cancer plans, the other dosimetric parameters of the automatic plans were better than those of the manual plans (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with the manual plans, the automatic plans have the same or similar target coverage, similar or better protection of organs at risk, and more convenient implementation. The developed SmartPlan based on ESAPI has clinical feasibility and effectiveness.