Utilized Sucrose as carbon source for fermentation production of pullulan, the yield were 60%. But when Starch-hydrolyzate as an alternative of sucrose as carbon source, the yield were less than 45%. utilize some carbon sources containing fructose, the yield tend upwards. We utilized isostarch-hydrolyzate as only carbon source and got an yield as similar as that sucrose did.

Older people generally had low health literacy, age related cognition decline and some even progress into dementia, burden on society was aggravating. Cognition decline of the elderly could lead to the decrease of health literacy. Meanwhile, higher level of health literacy was a protective factor against cognition decline in the elderly. This paper aimed to explore the relationship between health literacy and cognitive function in the elderly population without dementia, and to provide a theoretical basis for improving the health literacy and cognitive function of the elderly.

Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Newest Vital Sign(NVS). Methods The NVS was translated and back-translated. Cultural adaption of scale was performed by Delphi expert consultation and pilot study. The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the NVS was tested in 451 Chinese residents. Results Chinese version of the NVS consisted of 6 items with Pearson correlation between item and total score of scale ranging from 0.50 to 0.71. Two factors were abstracted by exploratory factor analysis and explained 61.51% of total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the fitness of the model was acceptable:comparative fit index was 0.96, Tuker-Lewis index was 0.92, standardized root mean square residual was 0.04, root mean square error of approximation was 0.077. Cronbach α coefficient was 0.71, retest reliability was 0.92. Conclusions Chinese version of the NVS has good reliability and validity, which can be used to test the health literacy of residents in China.

Objective To determine the detergent-enzymatic cycles and evaluate the biomechanical characteristics as well as extracellular matrix integrity of the decellularized tracheal scaffold in rabbit.Methods Forty tracheal segments were harvested from New Zealand white rabbits.Thirty-five of tracheas were subjected to a detergent-enzymatic method of decellularization for 1/3/5/6/7/8/9 cycles,respectively,and other five were stored in phosphate-buffered saline at 4℃ as a control.Comparative examinations were performed by the macroscopic view,histological view(hematoxylin and eosin stain,Movat Pentachrome stain,4-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole),scanning electron microscope (SEM) and biomechanical properties between decellularized groups and control group.Results After 7 detergent-enzymatic cycles,almost complete decellularized tracheae,retaining the hierarchical and mechanical properties of the native tissues,could be obtained.Histological and molecular biology analysis demonstrated that all cellular components and nuclear material were removed.SEM analysis revealed that the decellularized matrices retained the hierarchical structures of native trachea,and biomechanical tests showed that decellularization approach did not led to any influence on tracheal morphological and mechanical properties.Immunofluorescence analysis show a significant reduction of nuclear material in decellularized tracheas (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion In conclusion,this work suggests that 7 cycles of the modified DEM generates a bioengineered rabbit tracheal matrix that is structurally and mechanically similar to native trachea which could be a better selection for tracheal reconstruction with tissue engineering method.

Objective    To investigate the prevalence and related factors of primary palmar hyperhidrosis in adolescents in Yangzhou. Methods    On-site questionnaire survey was performed on students selected by cluster random sampling from the two colleges and two high or middle schools, with each class as a unit. Data were collected through the questionnaire to make the diagnosis and severity grading. Results    A total of 3 487 copies of the questionnaire were distributed in the survey and 3 299 were finished, among which 3 083 were effective with an effective rate of 88.41%. Among them, 1 358 respondents were males and 1 725 were females; 933 were middle school students, 809 high school students, and the remaining 1 341 college students. According to the diagnostic criteria, 104 respondents were diagnosed with palmar hyperhidrosis with an overall prevalence of 3.37%. There were 60 (4.41%) males and 44 (2.55%) females. Although the prevalence of palmar hyperhidrosis in males was higher than that of females (χ2=8.130，P<0.05), severe palmar hyperhidrosis was more often to be observed in females than in males, and females were also more likely to have hyperhidrosis in other parts of the body. In addition, the age of the first onset of the disease was mainly 10 to 20 years old and 36.54% of the patients had a family history. Conclusion    The prevalence of palmar hyperhidrosis in adolescents in Yangzhou was 3.37%, and there is a significant difference in the gender. The palmar hyperhidros is often accompanied by hyperhidrosis symptoms of other parts of body, and the disease shows an obvious genetic predisposition.