Objective To study the relationship between the expression of breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA)1 and the pathological parameters in sporadic breast cancer. Method Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of BRCA1 in 42 cases of breast cancer tissues and 30 cases of breast fibroadenoma tissues and analyzed the correlation of the results with other parameters which included tumor size,tumor type,histological grade and axillary lymph nodes metastases. Results The positive expression rate of BRCA1 was 52.4% (22/42) in breast cancer patients and 85.7% (36/42) in breast fibroadenoma patients. The lower positive expression rate of BRCA1 was found in axillary lymph nodes metastases (P < 0.05). The positive expression rate in stage Ⅲ of breast cancer was lower than that in stage Ⅰ (P < 0.05 ) and was also lower than that in stage Ⅱ (P < 0.05 ), but there was no significant difference between stage Ⅰ and stage Ⅱ (P > 0.05). No significant correlation was observed among expression of BRCA1 and tumor size, tumor type (P > 0.05). Conclusions BRCA1 plays an important role in pathogenesis and development of breast cancer.BRCA1 maybe a adjuvant index for treating breast cancer and estimating prognosis.

BACKGROUND:Compared with the titanium with smooth surface, TiO2 nanotubes are more beneficial for the early cel adhesion. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress of the effect of TiO2 nanotubes on peri-implant cel s. METHODS:A computer-based retrieval of CNKI, CqVip, WanFang and PubMed databases was performed for pertinent literatures published between 1990 to 2016, using the Chinese keywords of“TiO2 nanotubes or titanium dioxide nanotubes and implant”, and English keywords of“TiO2 nanotubes implant, Tio2 nanotubes cel”. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The main factors that TiO2 nanotubes affect the peri-implant cel behaviors include the tubular morphology, size, TiO2 crystal structure, as wel as surface chemical compositions, roughness and hydrophilicity and free energy. The influence factors of TiO2 nanotubes for cel s are not only related to the tube diameter, but also associated with cel types. Different cel types hold different diameters suitable for the cel adhesion, proliferation and differentiation on the material surface. Therefore, it is advisable to select the best nanotube size for different tissues and cel s applied in different biomedical fields.

Objective To summarize the clinical experience of nasal endoscopic treatment for refractory epistaxis. Methods .A retrospective analysis was made on 258 patients with refractory epistaxis treated with intranasal endoscopic exploration and hemostatic treatment from January 1998 to December 2004 in this hospital. Results .Hemorrhage was found on the nasal septum and the lateral nasal wall in 118 and 47 patients, respectively. Nose bleeding resulted from intranasal tumor in 8 patients. The site of bleeding was not clearly identified in 85 patients. Of the 258 patients, 257 responded to the treatment (99.6%) and 1 died ( 0.4%).Recurrent bleeding occurred in 43 patients. The incidence of recurrent bleeding was significantly higher in patients with unknown bleeding sites than in clearly diagnosed patients (?2=17.689,P=0.000). Conclusions .The emphasis of nasal endoscopic treatment for refractory epistaxis should be laid on the initial management, during which the bleeding site should be carefully identified. For patients with repeated nose bleeding, a combination treatment, including endoscopic filling-up of the anterior nasal cavity, endoscopic embolization of anterior and posterior nose, or embolization of the internal maxillary artery, is necessary.

Unclear clinical orientation in practice has become one of the common problems with the effective application of famous and excellent Chinese herbal drugs, consequently restricting their development. The authors suggest that there are three aspects to be considered in dealing with this problem. Clinical evaluation and orientation of the famous and excellent Chinese herbal drugs is an important task, and it is also a requirement for the internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine. Literature evaluation-pharmacology research-clinical expertise analysis method will establish a theoretical basis and method for post-marketing development of famous and excellent Chinese patent drugs.

BACKGROUND: Diseases and maternal poor habits before conception and during pregnancy have been considered as the definite risk factors for premature delivery and one of the results with better repeatability in the studies on the pathogenesis, whether parental socioeconomic status is related to the occurrence of premature birth?OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of parental socioeconomic status with premature birth.DESIGN: A case-control study with the parents who has premature infants or normal infants as subjects.SETTING: Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University;Woman's Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Haici Medicine Group; Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Qingdao Municipal Eighth People's Hospital PARTICIPANTS: A cohort of premature infants (n=227) were recruited from Qingdao Municipal Maternity and Children Health Institute and the Eighth People's Hospital, Qingdao, premature birth were confirmed according to the diagnostic standards; the control infants (n=750) were also recruited from the same place, they were delivered at pregnancy of from 38 to 42 weeks with birth mass of 3 000-4 000 g. Two groups were matched in sexual constitution and the birthday of within the same week.METHODS: Parents of two groups were asked to fill the self-made questionnaire. Maternal obstetric factors were referring to the perinatal booklet and infant birth record; meanwhile parental socio-economic status, daily-life behaviours and sociodemographic character were also investigated. Multivariate non-conditioned logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship of correlative factors.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Parental school education, occupation, the annual family income, as well as bad living and behavioral habits.RESULTS: According to the real state, data of 227 premature infants and 750 normal control infants were analyzed finally. Maternal delivery age of ＞ 35 years old (≤ 25 years old in normal control group), working as a teacher or unemployment (worker in control group), smoking and drinking during pregnancy, father's occupation as peasant (worker in control group), with a long smoking history, lower parental education (not lower than junior college education in control group) and family income less than 35 thousand Yuan (more than 35 thousand Yuan in control group) were proved to be the significant risk factors for premature birth (OR =1.629-15.701).CONCLUSION: Maternal employment as a teacher with father as a peasant, together with lower family income and lower parental education are connected with premature delivery.

Objectives To explore the perceived stigma among family members of people with schizophrenia and to identify the influential factors related to perceived stigma in socio-demographic characters of family members and patient characters.Methods Total 127 family members of people with schizophrenia in a psychiatric hospital in Beijing were surveyed by the Perceived Devaluation-Discrimination Scale developed by Link.Results The mean score of the perceived devaluation-discrimination scale is 2.60±0.44.It was significantly higher than the 2.5 midpoint(t=2.53,P<0.05).Family member's perceived stigma was significantly different between different groups of residence area,education level,occupation and family income (P<0.05).Perceived stigma were not affected by patient characters (P>0.05).Family members'education level was the influencing factors of stigma,and the R~2 Square is 0.213.Conclusions The family members of people with schizophrenia suffered from high stigma.Education level of family member may be one of the influential factors.

A large-area graphene platform electrode (GPE) was fabricated by transferring the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene grown on Cu foils to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates with the aid of polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA).Then cobalt hexacyanoferrate (CoHCF) was electrodeposited on the GPE by cyclic voltammetry to obtain a CoHCF/GPE.The morphology and electrochemical properties of this electrode were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the electrochemical measurements.Results showed that the electrode had favorable sensing effect toward H2O2.On the basis of this, a new nonenzyme H2O2 sensor was constructed.Under the optimal experimental conditions, the proposed sensor had a quick response to the addition of H2O2 (about 2 s) with a wide linear rang (5 × 10-3-1.2 mmol/L) and a low detection limit (7.1 nmol/L).This sensor was easy to fabricate and showed excellent stability and anti-interference ability.

Objective To investigate the gene expression of PIWIL2 in the bladder urothelial carcinoma (BTCC) and siRNA interact on PIWIL2 gene expression in human bladder cancer cell line BIU-87.Methods Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied to detect the PIWIL2 expressions in tissues of BTCC (46 cases),cystitis glandularis(21 cases),adjacent non-cancerous tissues (17 cases) and normal bladder tissues (7 cases). 3 specific siRNA targeted PIWIL2 gene were synthesized after designed and transferred. After siRNA was transferred into BIU-87 cells, MTI and TUNEL methods were applied to detect the proliferation inhibitory rate (IR) and apoptosis index (AI) in BIU-87 cells,qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to examine effects of siRNA on the expressions of the PIWIL2 gene and protein,respectively.Results The expression rate of PIWIL2 mRNA in BTCC tissues was 76.08 ％(35/46) and significantly higher than those in the cystitis glandularis tissues (42.86 ％,9/21),adjacent non-cancerous tissues (41.17 ％,7/17) and normal tissues (7.14 ％,1/14) (P =0.008,P =0.010,P =0.000).The IR [(37.52±8.84) ％,(64.36±9.64)％] and (62.94±8.43) ％] and AI [(26.18±5.42) ％,(38.75±6.19) ％ and (40.02±5.64) ％] of BIU-87 cells in the siRNA 1～3 groups were respectively significantly higher than those [(1.97±0.02) ％ and (3.35±0.47) ％] in the control group(P=0.000),and expressions of PIWIL2 mRNA and protein in the siRNA groups were both lower than those in the control group. Moreover, the effects of siRNA 2 group and siRNA 3 group on inhibiting PIWIL2 expression, IR and AI of BIU-87 cells were stronger than siRNA 1 group. Conclusion The over-expression of PIWIL2 suggested that it played an important role in the mechanism of development and malignant progression of BTCC. The siRNA of transcription can significantly inhibit its expression, induce cell apoptosis and inhibit the growth of BIU-87 cells which might provide the experimental evidence for the gene targeting therapy of bladder tumor.

Objective To observe the effects of ( - )-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on human prostate cancer xenografted tumor growth and connexin43 expression in nude mice,and explore the mechanism of the EGCG on prevention for prostate cancer.Methods The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium and annexin-V/PI double-labeled flow cytometry methods were used to observe the growth inhibiting rate (IR)and apoptosis rate (AR) of human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 which was treated by EGCG at different concentration (10,20 and 40 mg/L,respectively).The scrape-loading fluorescence dye transfer method was applied to assess the gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) through fluorescence microscope.PC-3 cells were subcutaneously transplanted to establish tumor-bearing nude mice model.A total of 32 mice were randomly divided into four groups,both control group and three treatment groups were treated with different doses of EGCG ( 10,20 and 40 mg/kg,respectively).After two weeks,the mice prostate tumor tissues were taken out.The tumor wet weight was measured and tumor growth inhibiting rate was calculated.The tumor microvascular density (MVD) and apoptosis index (AI) were detected by the immunohistochemical techniques and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling techniques,respectively.Semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to examine the expression level of the Cx43 mRNA.Results EGCG at concentration ( 10 and 20 mg/L) could significantly inhibit the proliferation[(22.33 ±4.62)％,(38.67 ±5.67)％ vs (3.47 ±0.31 )％,P ＜0.01],induce the apoptosis [(7.84 ± 1.37 ) ％,( 24.53 ± 2.28 ) ％ vs ( 2.17 ± 0.70 ) ％,P ＜ 0.01] and enhance the GJIC of PC-3 cells.EGCG of different doses could inhibit prostate cancer xenografted tumor growth,induce tumor cells apoptosis and inhibit angiogenesis.EGCG ( 20 and 40 mg/kg) could effectively up-regulate Cx43 mRNA expression in xenografted tumor (0.58 ± 0.08,0.80 ± 0.07 vs 0.42 ± 0.04,P ＜ 0.0 ).The effects had significant correlation with the dose-dependent of EGCG ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions EGCG could up-regulate the Cx43 expression and enhance the gap junction intercellular communication mediated by Cx43 in the prostate tumor,which provide the experimental evidence for the mechanism of its effectively inhibiting the prostate cancer growth.

Objective To discuss the value of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in severity assessment and prognosis prediction of diffuse axonal injury (DAI). Methods A retrospective study was performed on the clinical imaging data and the follow-up results at six months after injury in 29 patients with DAI. The detection rate of DAI lesion by DWI and conventional MRI was compared by means of one-way ANOVA. The correlation between the number of lesion in different areas with GCS and GOS was analyzed with Spearman rank correlation test. Results (1)The average detected DAI lesions were 19.24±5.72 on DWI, 14.41 ±4.50 on FLAIR, 10.58±3.79 on T2WI and 4.83 ±2. 11 on TIWI, with the highest detection number of DAI lesion on DWI (P < 0, 05). (2) There was a significant correlation of the number of central lesions (in corpus callosum, basal ganglia and brain stem) with GCS and COS (P < 0. 05), but there was no correlation of total lesion number or periphery lesion with GCS and COS (P > 0.05). Conclusions DWI is a potentially useful imaging modality in detecting DAI lesion, when the number of central lesion on DWI can be served as an objective marker in severity assessment and prognosis prediction of DAI.