Chemotherapy is one of the primary treatments for cancer patients,while tumor multidrug re-sistance( MDR) represents a major obstacle in the treatments of patients,limiting the efficacy of chemotherapy.To date,the mechanism of drug resistance has not been fully elucidated.lncRNAs are a family of long noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression by epigenetic modification,transcription and post transcriptional processing. Recent studies have showed that the aberrant regulation of target genes by lncRNAs may be involved in the acqui-sition of tumor MDR.Therefore,targeting lncRNAs may be an attractive strategy for improving the chemosentivity and reversing chemotherapeutic resistance.This paper reviews the relationship between lncRNAs and tumor drug resistance as well as the underlying possible mechanism.

OBJECTIVE To study the changes in trace elements Zn and Cr and cell immunologic function among elderly inpatients with lower respiratory tract infection.METHODS The changes in T-lymphocyte subpopulation and trace elements Zn and Cr in plasma and red blood cell of 52 inpatients with lower respiratory tract infection were compared with a control group of 53 healthy people of the same age group.The flame atom absorbing was for blood Zn testing,the non-flame atom absorbging for blood Cr testing the indirect immunofluorescent technique was for measurement of T cell subpopulation.RESULTS Among elderly inpatients with lower respiratory tract infection the ratio of Zn [(12.68?3.26)?mol/L] and Cr [(0.033?0.029)?mol/L] in plasma and Zn [(124.12?36.55)?mol/L] and Cr [(0.412?0.025)?mol/L] in RBC was significantly lower than control group [(17.39?4.78)?mol/L] and [(0.068?0.036)?mol/L],[(145.33?20.12)?mol/L] and [(0.666?0.038)?mol/L],respectively,the function of T-lympholyte subpopulation was reduced and in disorder,CD3 [(50.48?7.62)%],CD4 [(27.36?9.37)%] and CD4/CD8(0.67?0.23) was significantly lower than control group [(64.33?4.82)%,(42.35?8.12)% and(1.57?0.22)%],respectively,while CD8 [(35.37?7.55)%] was significantly higher than control group [(28.13?1.35)%],the statistical differences were significant(P

Objective To compare the difference of clinical characteristics between patients with pituitary corticotroph macroadenoma and microadenoma. Methods From 1985 to 1998, 76 inpatients with Cushing′s disease, 12 cases of macroadenoma and 64 cases of microadenoma were reviewed. The clinical manifestations, the course before diagnosis, blood routine, biochemical and endocrinic examinations were retrospectively analyzed. Results Defect of vision field and galactorrhea were more frequent and the duration of disease before diagnosis were shorter in macroadenomas than those in microadenomas. Lymphopenia, hypokalaemia, lower creatine kinase level and hyperphosphoroemia were also more pronounced in macroadenomas. In macroadenomas, the plasma ACTH and cortisol (F) concentrations at 0:00 were obviously higher than those in microadenomas, but plasma ACTH and F at 8:00 and 24h urinary free cortisol were similar in these two groups. The relative nyctohemeral variation of ACTH was less in macroadenomas than that in microadenomas, the relative nyctohemeral variation of F was similar in these two groups. One month after operation, clinicl manifestations of macroadenomas significantly improved, but the number of these patients with significant blood ACTH decrease was significantly less than that in microadenomas. Conclusion Due to higher amount and automatism of ACTH secretion, increased blood F level induces variation of clinical characteristics and laboratorial findings in patients with macroadenoma compared to the patients with microadenoma.

Objective　To study the antimicrobial resistance of isolated pathogens from surgical infections in Hubei area.Methods　The diameters of the inhibition zones of surgical isolates around antibiotic susceptibility test discs in 15 hospitals were computerfiled and analysed by the software of “WHONET-4” according to NCCLS published in 1999.Results　A total of 1314 surgical isolates were collected between October 1998 and September 1999.S.aureus,P.aeruginosa,E.coli,Enterobacter sp.and CNS were the main microorganisms.44.6% of staphylococcus was resistant to oxacillin.Imipenem,amikacin,ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin were most active against Gram-negative bacilli with the sensitities (in descending order) of 84.4% to 57.2%.Conclusion　Antimicrobial resistance should be seriously considered during surgical therapy and prohylaxis with antimicrobial agents.The tendency to antimicrobial resistance of clinical isolates should be followed up continuously.

The difficult knowledge was analyzed in detail from such aspects as medical students' cognitive ability of the female pelvic anatomy structure,their learning of female reproductive endocrine physiology,their understanding of delivery mechanism and gynecological tumor clinical staging in gynecology and obstetrics.Through such strategies as the diversification of teaching to deepen students' cognition of female pelvic anatomy structure,presentation method to strength their understanding of the delivery mechanism and repeated memory to reinforce their learning of female reproductive endocrine physiology and smart memory to remember gynecologic oncology clinical staging,not only the students' learning ability was improved,but also the teaching quality was enhanced.

Objective　To investigate the relationship between the apnea events and the correspondent sleep stage. Methods 68 normal volunteers were studied with polysomnography to confirm the sleep stage of the apnea events. Results Sleep apnea events were found in each different sleep stage. The events happened frequently in light sleep stage, most in stage 2. There were no significant sleep stage distribution difference in different sex .The number and severity of apnea events were also not relative with the sleep stage distribution. Conclusion Apnea events happened most frequently in light sleep stage. The reason is still unclear.

Purpose:To investigate palitaxel (Tax) induct io n of apoptosis in human retinoblastoma Y79 cells and the role of Bcl-2 phosphor ylation in the mechanism. Methods:Antiproliferation effects of Tax on Y79 cells were dete rmined by 3H-thymidine incorporation. Apoptosis of the Tax-treated cells was determined by DNA fragmentation analysis. Bcl-2 phosphorylation was determ ined by Western blot analysis. Cell transfection was used in mutant Bcl-2 trans fecting in Y79 cells. Results:After 24 hours treatment with 1 ?mol/L Tax, 3H- thymidine incorporation decreased in Y79 cells and the effects were time and dos e dependent. DNA ladder appeared in DNA fragmantation analysis after 12-24 hour s treatment with Tax. Bcl-2 Phosphorylation was significantly increased in 12- 24 hours treatment with Tax. Bcl-2, a mutant of Bcl-2, blocked Tax activation process. Conclusions:Tax inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in h uman Y79 cells, and phosphorylation of Bcl-2 might be involved in this process.

At present, the particularity and importance of ethical consciousness in the teaching of clinical obstetrics and Gynecology has become increasingly prominent while the education of medical students in the ethics and social responsibility is relatively weak. This study explored a series of practical methods under WEIGHT guide through the real cases, conducting clinical training and sides debate, com-bining multimedia and interview form, in order to strengthen the cultivation of medical students' moral quality and improve the students' comprehensive ability.

Objective To analysis the effect of metformin on the expression of heat shock protein and VEGF in 5637 cell line of bladder cancer. Methods 5637 cell line of bladder cancer were selected, divided into blank control group, metformin 2 mM group, 5 mM group, 10 mM group and 20 mM group, 5637 cell line of bladder cancer were treated in each group.The cell proliferation inhibition rate was detected by MTT colorimetric assay, cell clone formation rate was detected by plate clone formation test, flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle change, the expression levels of HSP-70, HSP-90α, VEGF were detected by Western blot method.Results Compared with control group, the inhibition rate of 5637 cell line of bladder cancer after 24, 48, 72 h were higher in all concentrations of metformin group(P<0.05), the higher the concentration and the longer the action time, the stronger inhibitory effect on cell proliferation.Compared with control group, the clone formation rate of 5637 cell line of bladder cancer in all concentrations of metformin group was lower, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Compared with control group, the proportion of G1 phase cells were higher, the proportion of S phase cells were lower in in all concentrations of metformin group (P<0.05), the proportion of G2 phase cells in metformin 2 mM group, 5 mM group were lower(P<0.05).Compared with control group, the expression levels of HSP-70, HSP-90α, VEGF protein were lower in all concentrations of metformin group, the difference was statistically significant(P <0.05).Conclusion Metformin has obvious inhibitory effects on the expression of HSP-70, HSP-90α, VEGF in 5637 cell line of bladder cancer, can inhibit cell proliferation and cloning, promote the occurrence of G1 block, cause cell apoptosis, the effect was dose dependent.

Objective To study the antimicrobial resistance of isolated pathogens from surgical infections in Hubei area.Methods The diameters of the inhibition zones of surgical isolates around antibiotic susceptibility test discs in 15 hospitals were computerfiled and analysed by the software of “WHONET 4” according to NCCLS published in 1999.Results] A total of 1314 surgical isolates were collected between October 1998 and September 1999. S.aureus, P.aeruginosa, E.coli, Enterobacter sp. and CNS were the main microorganisms. 44 6% of staphylococcus was resistant to oxacillin. Imipenem, amikacin, ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin were most active against Gram negative bacilli with the sensitities (in descending order) of 84 4% to 57 2%.[WT5”HZ] Conclusion Antimicrobial resistance should be seriously considered during surgical therapy and prohylaxis with antimicrobial agents . The tendency to antimicrobial resistance of clinical isolates should be followed up continuously.