To observe the efficacy and safety of mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy with Neodymium: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd-YAG) laser in the treatment for upper urinary tract stones, from December 2005 to September 2006, 31 patients with renal stones, 15 patients with ureteral stones and 7 patients with renal and ureteral stones underwent mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy with Nd-YAG laser by combination of rigid ureteroscope and flexible ureteroscope under B-ultrasound guidance. Clinical data including operation time, lithotripsy time, complications and stone-free rate were analyzed retrospectively. Our study showed that the percutaneous renal access (F14-F18) was successfully established under B-ultrasound guidance in all cases. Immediate phase: lithotripsy was performed in 47 cases through single tract, and in one case through two tracts. Delayed phase II lithotripsy was done in 5 cases of renal stones. Operation time ranged from 55 to 180 min with an average time of 100+/-15 min. Lithotripsy time was from 25 to 135 min and the average lithotripsy time was 65+/-11 min. No severe complications occurred in our series. Complex renal stones were cleared in 34 of 38 cases (89.5%). All ureteral stones were completely removed in 15 cases (100%). It was concluded that mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy with Nd:YAG laser for the treatment of upper urinary tract stones by combination of rigid ureteroscope and flexible ureteroscope has the advantages of effectiveness, mini-invasion, shorter operative time and safety.

This paper introduces a method for drawing the circuit diagram of the circuit board rapidly. The pictures of the circuit board are taken firstly and then are imported into Protel. Also an example is given to explain the details. The method can simplify the drawing of the schematic for the circuit board, and thus is worth popularizing.

ObjectiveTostudytheroleof hotshockprotein (HSP)47in tubulointerstitial fibrosis induced by transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1),and to explore its possible mechanism.Methods Human proximal tubular epithelial cells(HK-2) were divided into threegroups:control,TGF-β1andHSP47siRNA. Theexpressionsof HSP47, collagenⅣ,fibronectin(FN),plasminogen activator inhibitor 1(PAI-1) mRNA and HSP47,collagen Ⅳ,FN protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting respectively.PAl-1 protein was detected by ELISA. ResultsHK-2expressedHSP47innormalmedium. ThemRNAandprotein expressions of HSP47 up-regulated in concentration- and time-dependent manner in HK-2 cells induced with increasing concentrations of TGF-β1(0,2.5,5,10 μg/L) and with prolong times (12,24,48 h),and peaked at 10 μg/L TGF-β1 for 48 h.Similar phenomena was observed in the mRNA andproteinexpressionsof collagenⅣ, FN, PAI-1inHK-2 cellsinducedbyincreasing concentrations of TGF-β1 (0,2.5,5,10 μg/L) at different time points (12,24,48 h),and peaked at 10 μg/L TGF-β1 for 48 h.HSP47 siRNA could significantly reduce the up-regulation of mRNA and protein expressions of HSP47,collagen Ⅳ,FN,PAI-1 in HK-2 cells induced by TGF-β1.Conclusion HSP47 can promote renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis maybe through the regulation of the expressions of collagen Ⅳ,FN,PAI-1.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between rs4373814 polymorphisms of calcium channel (CACNB2) gene and the susceptibility of essential hypertension (EH) occurrence in Han population at northeastern area of China. Methods: A case-control study in Han population at northeastern of China was carried out and the research included 1998 participants as 2 groups: EH group,n=1006 patients treated in our hospital, and Control group,n=992 subjects with normal blood pressure from physical examination. The rs4373814 polymorphisms were examined by Snapshot technique and the statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 19.0 software. Results: The rs4373814 risk allele C frequency of CACNB2 gene was signiifcantly different between EH group and Control group,P=0.039, OR=1.068, 95% CI (1.004-1.137). Logistic regression analysis showed that with adjusted gender, age, BMI, smoking, drinking, in dominant model, the genotype rs4373814 carring CC + GC/GG obviously increased the risk of EH occurrence,P=0.037, OR=1.260, 95% CI (1.013-1.567). Conclusion: The rs4373814 polymorphisms of CACNB2 gene are related to the susceptibility of EH occurrence in Han population at northeastern area of China.

The article is to discuss the physiology teaching methods for the foreign students.The teaching effect can be highly improved by preparing well before the class,reforming teaching methods and renovating systems of review and examination.

To observe the efficacy and safety of mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy with Neodymium:Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd-YAG) laser in the treatment for upper urinary tract stones, from December 2005 to September 2006, 31 patients with renal stones, 15 patients with ureteral stones and 7 patients with renal and ureteral stones underwent mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy with Nd-YAG laser by combination of rigid ureteroscope and flexible ureteroscope under B-ultrasound guidance. Clinical data including operation time, lithotripsy time, complications and stone-free rate were analyzed retrospectively. Our study showed that the percutaneous renal access (F14-F18) was successfully established under B-ultrasound guidance in all cases. Immediate phase Ⅰ lithotripsy was performed in 47 cases through single tract, and in one case through two tracts. Delayed phase Ⅱ lithotripsy was done in 5 cases of renal stones. Operation time ranged from 55 to 180 min with an average time of 100 ± 15 min. Lithotripsy time was from 25 to 135 min and the average lithotripsy time was 65 ± 11 min. No severe complications occurred in our series. Complex renal stones were cleared in 34 of 38 cases (89.5 %). All ureteral stones were completely removed in 15 cases (100 %). It was concluded that mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy with Nd:YAG laser for the treatment of upper urinary tract stones by combination of rigid ureteroscope and flexible ureteroscope has the advantages of effectiveness, mini-invasion, shorter operative time and safety.

Tubulin has been shown to be an effective target for the development of cytotoxic agents against prostate cancer. Previously, we reported that Lx2-32c is an anti-tubulin agent with high binding affinity to tubulin. In this study, we investigated the potential of Lx2-32c to act as an effective cytotoxic agent in the treatment of prostate cancer. MTT assays showed that Lx2-32c was cytotoxic to all tested prostate cancer cell lines. The Lx2-32c-treated cells typically exhibited a rounded morphology associated with the onset of apoptosis, as evidenced by immunocytochemical staining. Human prostate cancer cell lines treated with Lx2-32c arrest in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and the treatment is associated with an increased ratio of cells in the sub-G0/G1 phase as determined by flow cytometry. Furthermore, expression of the cleaved form of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase in prostate cancer cell lines treated with Lx2-32c was shown by Western blotting assay. Xenograft implants of LNCaP and PC3-derived tumors in nude mice showed that Lx2-32c treatment significant inhibited tumor growth with effects equivalent to those of docetaxel. These findings demonstrate the potential of Lx2-32c as a candidate antitumor agent for the treatment of prostate cancer.