Objective　To investigate the association betwee n the β3-adrenergic receptor gene (β3-AR) and obesity. Methods　147 patients with obesity and 106 controls were selected. Genotype of the β 3-AR was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragme nt length polymorphism methods (RFLP). Body mass index (BMI) was detected. Results　The frequency of Arg64 allele of β3-AR gene in the obesit y g roup (20.3%) was significantly higher than those in the control group (10.2%) ( P=0.001) . The distribution of Trp64Arg and Arg64Arg genotype in the patient group (38.7% and 0.9%) were both higher than that in the control group (19.0% and 0.7%). In the female subj ects, the Trp64Arg mutation and frequency of Arg64 allele of the β3-AR gene in the obesity group(40.6% and 20.3%) were also higher than those in control (16 . 7% and 9.5%)(P<0.01). Conclusions　These results suggest th at the Trp64Arg mutation of the β3-adrenergic-receptor gene may be associat ed with increased body fat.

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between the inheritable factor and environmental factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus in humans.

METHODSA case-control study based on 154 type 2 diabetes mellitus and 130 healthy controls was carried out in Jiangsu Province in 1997.

RESULTSThe age, family history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension history, high waist/hip ratio (WHR), high systolic blood pressure, huge fetus history, and the genotype of beta(3)-adrenergic receptor (beta(3)-AR) were the risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus; while occupational physical activity was protective factor of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The risk for diabetes mellitus distinctly increased while genetic factor and obesity, beta(3)-AR mutation were coexisting.

CONCLUSIONType 2 diabetes mellitus is caused by the effect of both genetic and environmental factors.

Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; epidemiology ; etiology ; genetics ; Environment ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Obesity ; Risk Factors

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of brucea javanica oil emulsion combined with DP chemotherapy in treating advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.Methods Totally 48 patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer were divided into two groups randomly by mechanical sampling method.Twenty-four cases in treatment group were treated by brucea javanica oil emulsion combined with DP chemotherapy, while 24 cases in control group were treated by DP chemotherapy only.The clinical effects were evaluated after treatment of two cycles.Results The short-term effective rate was 54.2% (13/24) in treatment group and 45.8% (11/24) in control group, and there was no significant difference between two groups ( χ2 = 0.333, P = 0.564).The rate of increased and stable life quality was 87.5%(21/24) in treatment group and 58.3%(14/24) in control group,and there was significant difference between two groups (χ2 = 5.169,P = 0.023).The rate of increased and stable weight was 79.2% (19/24) in treatment group and 45.8%( 11/24) in control group, and there was significant difference between two groups (χ2 = 5.689,P = 0.017).The incidence of nausea or vomiting was 45.8% (11/24) in treatment group and 41.7%( 10/24 ) in control group, and there was no significant difference between two groups (χ2 = 0.085, P = 0.771 ).Compared with those in control group, patients in treatment group had less adverse effects in decreasing of peripheral blood leucocytes and showed better immune function.Conclusion Brucea javanica oil emulsion combined with DP chemotherapy in treating advanced non-small-cell lung cancer has good clinical effect, especially enhances the quality of life, improves immune function and decreases the adverse effects of chemotherapy.

Objective To investigate the expression of micro RNA (miR)-126 in brain ischemic injury tissues of diabetic rats and its significance in angiogenesis.Methods Fifty adult female rats were randomly divided into five groups according to random number table:diabetic group,cerebral ischemia group,diabetic+cerebral ischemia group,miR-negative+diabetic+cerebral ischemia group and miR-126 mimics+diabetic+cerebral ischemia group (n=10).The models of diabetic and (or) focal cerebral ischemia were esblished,respectively.The rats in the later two groups were injected with 10 μg miR-negative control or 10 μg miR-126 mimics through ateral ventricle.Twenty-four h after cerebral ischemia modeling,the neurological functions of rats were assessed by using Zea-Longa scoring criteria,and infarct areas in the brain slices were analyzed by TTC staining.The expressions of miR-126,platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1),vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cad) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the ischemic cortex tissues were detected by real time-PCR.Results The neurological scale scores and cerebral infarct volumes of rats in miR-negative+diabetic+cerebral ischemia group and diabetic+cerebral ischemia group were significantly higher than those in the diabetic group and cerebral ischemia group (P＜0.05);and those in the miR-126 mimics+diabetic+cerebral ischemia group were significantly lower than those in the miR-negative+diabetic+cerebral ischemia group,diabetic cerebral ischemia group and cerebral ischemia group (P＜0.05).The relative mRNA expression levels of miR-126,PECA M-1,VE-cad and VEGF in the ischemic cortex tissues of cerebral ischemia group,diabetic+cerebral ischemia group,miR-negative+diabetic+cerebral ischemia group were significantly lower than those in the diabetic group (P＜0.05);those in the diabetic+cerebral ischemia group and miR-negative+diabetic+cerebral ischemia group were significantly lower than those in the cerebral ischemia group (P＜0.05);those in the miR-126 mimics+diabetic cerebral ischemia group were statistically higher than those in the diabetic group,cerebral ischemia group,diabetic cerebral ischemia group and miR-negative+diabetes cerebral ischemia group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Up-regulation of miR-126 could help relieve diabetic ischemic brain tissue injury and improve neurological function,which might be related to the regulation ofangiogenesis after cerebral ischemic injury.

Objective To investigate the expression changes of miR-335 in rats with focal cerebral ischemia and their mechanisms. Methods Fifty adult healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group, model group, miR-335 transfection group, negative control group and blank plasmid group (n=10). The focal cerebral ischemia rat models in the later 4 groups were constructed by Longa method. After model making, rats in the miR-335 transfection group were injected recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1-miR-335 and stearamide (SA) liposome mixture into the lateral ventricle, rats in the negative control group were injected pcDNA3.1-negative control and SA liposome mixture into the lateral ventricle, rats in the blank plasmid group were injected pcDNA3.1(+) and SA liposome mixture into the lateral ventricle, and rats in the sham-operated group and model group were injected the same volume of saline. Twenty-four h after ischemia, the neurological deficit of these rats were assessed by Zea-Longa scale. These rats were sacrificed, and the brain infarct volumes were measured by TTC staining; the miR-335 expression in cerebral ischemia tissues of rats was detected by using real-time fluorescence quantification PCR (RTFQ PCR); the protein expressions of cell adhesion molecule 1 (CD31) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cerebral ischemia tissues of rats were detected by Western blotting. Results As compared with those in the sham-operated group, the neurological function scale scores and brain infarct volumes of rats in model group, miR-335 transfection group, negative control group and blank plasmid group were significantly increased (P<0.05); the neurological function scale scores and brain infarct volumes of rats in miR-335 transfection group were significantly decreased as compared with those in the model group (P<0.05). As compared with those in the sham-operated group, the relative miR-335 expression level in the cerebral ischemia tissues of the model group, miR-335 transfection group, negative control group and blank plasmid group were statistically decreased (P<0.05); miR-335 transfection group had significantly increased relative miR-335 expression level as compared with the model group (P<0.05). As compared with those in the sham-operated group, the CD31 and VEGF protein relative expression levels in the cerebral ischemia tissues of the model group, miR-335 transfection group, negative control group and blank plasmid group were significantly decreased (P<0.05); as compared with those in the model group, the CD31 and VEGF protein relative expression levels in the miR-335 transfection group were statistically increased (P<0.05). Conclusion Up-regulation of miR-335 expression might improve cerebral ischemic tissue injury; it might be related to promote the angiogenesis in cerebral ischemia tissues.

Objective To understand HIV incidence in community residents and epidemiological characteristics of newly detected HIV infection cases in Dali,Yunnan province.Methods A cohort study was conducted among 146720 community residents who were tested to be HIV negative during 2010-2011,they were followed-up from June 1,2014 to May 31,2015.Results A total of 136356 community residents received follow up (92.9％).The follow-up time was 0.23-5.40 years (medium:3.43 years),cumulatively 459675 person years,and 78 people were found to be HIV positive.The incidence rate of HIV infection was 0.170/1000 person years.The incidence rate was 0.037/1000 person years in age group 15-29 years,0.288/1000 person years in age group 30-44 years,0.210/1000 person years in age group 45-59 years,0.204/1000 person years in age ≥60 years;0.213/1 000 person years in males,0.130/1000 person years in females;0.248/1000 person years inHan ethnic group,0.149/1000 person years in Minorities;0.194/1000 in people with education level ≤junior middle school,0.046/1000 person years in people with education level ＞ junior middle school;0.070/1000 person years in the unmarried,0.194/1000 person years in the married and 0.425/1000person years in the divorced/widowed.Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that being male (HR=l.731),aged 30-44 years (HR=13.158),aged 45-59 years (HR=10.329),aged ≥60years (HR=8.291),unmarried (HR=3.162) and divorced/widowed (HR=2.689) were the risk factors for HIV infection,while the education level ＞ junior middle school (HR=0.132) was the protective factor for HIV infection.Conclusions By medium 3.43 years follow up,the cohort study showed that incidence rate HIV infection was 0.170/1000 person years in the community residents in Dali.Male,middle aged and old people,people with low education level,the unmarried and the divorced/widowed had relatively higher risk to be infected with HIV,Close attention should be paid to the prevention and control of AIDS in these populations.

Objective To understand the characteristics of newly detected HIV infection cases and related high risk behaviors in the areas with high HIIV infection prevalence in Yunnan province.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted with census method during January to March 2016 among newly detected HIV infected persons in Dehong,Honghe,Lincang and Dali prefectures in Yunnan during 2012-2015.Results Among 451 HIV seropositive cases,the major transmission route of HIV was heterosexual contact,accounting for 92.5％ (417/451).The total awareness rate of AIDS related knowledge was 73.0％ (329/451).The rates of condom use at sex with regular sexual partners,occasional sexual partners,commercial sexual partners and men who have sex with men within 1 year before knowing their infection status were 48.7％ (167/343),4.2％ (7/165),9.9％ (15/151) and 0.0％ (0/3),respectively.The risk factors for using no condom at sex with regular sexual parmers included living at Dali,being farmer,unmarried,cohabitation,divorced and widowed,monthly income under 1 000 yuan (RMB),living in urban area before infection,knowing no AIDS related knowledge etc.The risk factors for using no condom at sex with occasional sexual partners included living in Dehong,Honghe and Lincang,aged ≤30 years and being farmer.The injecting drug users accounted for 8.2％ (37/450) and 75.5％ of these cases had received AIDS related intervention (340/450).Conclusion High prevalence of heterosexual transmission of HIV,poor AIDS related knowledge on awareness,high risk behavior and poor condom use and poor intervention service utilization were found among newly detected HIV infected persons in areas with high HIV infection prevalence in Yunnan.

OBJECTIVETo understand the change trend of the awareness rate of HIV/AIDS related knowledge, risk behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Yunnan and the factors influencing their condom use, and evaluate the effect of comprehensive intervention.

METHODSThe data about the MSM's demographic information, HIV/AIDS related knowledge awareness, and sex behavior, condom use, drug use and intervention receiving were obtained from AIDS sentinel surveillance among MSM in Yunnan province during 2010-2013 to conduct change trend and influencing factor analysis.

RESULTSA total of 9 073 MSM were surveyed. The awareness rate of the HIV/AIDS related knowledge, homosexual behavior and condom use rate increased year by year (P < 0.01). The condom use rate was lower in heterosexual behavior, and the drug use rate and sexually transmitted disease prevalence declined with year (P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that cohabiting, low awareness of HIV/AIDS related knowledge, being from other provinces, local residence for <1 year, low education level, receiving no intervention, frequent anal sex and receiving no HIV/AIDS detection were the risk factors influencing persistent condom use among MSM.

CONCLUSIONThe effect of HIV/AIDS comprehensive intervention was observed after 4 years implantation, but most of the index were at low level. More attention should be paid to the intervention among MSM with cohabiting habit, low education level, frequent anal sex, and heterosexual sex. It is necessary to expand intervention coverage, strengthen HIV test and promote condom use among MSM.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Communicable Diseases ; Data Collection ; HIV Infections ; Habits ; Heterosexuality ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking ; Safe Sex ; Sentinel Surveillance ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases

OBJECTIVETo understand the prevalence of high risk behaviors and influencing factors among HIV infected persons aged ≥50 years.

METHODSFace to face questionnaire interview was conducted among the HIV infected persons selected in Jianshui, Gejiu and Mengzi counties in Yunnan province through random sampling in June 2015. The sample size was 450.

RESULTSAmong the HIV infected persons surveyed, 41.2% (122/296) had sexual behaviors with their spouses during past year, and the consistent condom use rate was 66.4% (81/122). Among the HIV infected males, 8.9% (28/313) had commercial sexual behaviors during past year, and the consistent condom use rate was 17.9% (5/28). Among the HIV infected females, 0.7% were still engaged in commercial sex service during past year. Among the 450 HIV infected persons, 32 (7.1%) reported having casual sex behaviors during past years, and the consistent condom use rate was 18.7% (6/32). The rate of commercial sexual behavior in urban residents (13.4%, 19/115) was higher than that in rural residents (4.5%, 9/198), the difference was statistically significant (χ(2)=11.715, P=0.001). The risk factors for commercial sex behaviors included lack of family and social support, aged 50-59 years, living in urban area, higher income and being male. The risk factors for using no condom included living in rural area, lower education level, lack of family and social support and higher income.

CONCLUSIONSRisk sex behaviors are still prevalent in HIV infected people aged >50 years, which exacerbated HIV transmission. Further efforts should be focused on the education about AIDS prevention and control and promoting protected sexual behaviors. Additional effort should be done to improve the family and social support for HIV infected people aged >50 years. Moreover, comprehensive intervention for low-paid female sex workers also needs to be strengthened.

China ; epidemiology ; Condoms ; utilization ; Female ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking ; Sex Work ; psychology ; statistics & numerical data ; Sexual Behavior ; psychology ; statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires