Objective:To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of levofloxacin and gatifoxacin in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections.Method:The clinical data of levofloxacin and gatifoxacin in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections were collected with the evidence-based medicine method and were evaluated with pharmacoeconomic cost-effectiveness analysis.Result:The cure rates of two drugs were 64.29%(57.70%,70.88%),and 81.43%(70.05%, 92.81%)and the cost-effectiveness ratios were 1.90 and 5.79 respectively.The?C/?E was 20.37.Conclusion:The cost-effectiveness analysis indicated that the cost-effectivenss ratio of levofloxacin is superior to that of gatifoxacin though the cure efficacy of gatifoxacin for lower respiratory tract infections is better.

The research of urologic reconstruction with tissue engineering techniques has been carried out for a couple of years.However,the clinical application is impeded by the difficulties in drawing materials and lack of sufficient cells for seeding.The stem cells have the ability of self-renewal and differentiating into desired cell lines,which also have the advantage of less invasive to be harvested,provide new opportunities for further research.Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) have been used in the autologous augmentation cystoplasty in recent years,and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells can undergo directed differentiation toward to endodermal derived urothelium in the appropriate signaling environment.The stem cells were supposed to differentiate in urethral tissue like cells in bladder tissue according to the similar inner environment.Transurethral ultrasound(TUUS)-guided injections of autologous myoblasts and fibroblasts is an effective and minimally invasive treatment modality to treat stress urinary incontinence.In addition,eNOS-transduced syngeneic MSCs can improve erectile function through accelerating eNOS expression and improving endothelial-derived NO biosynthesis.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical efficacy,safety and status of gemcitabine for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) systematically.METHODS:Included studies retrieved from Medline,EMbase,Cancerdit,CBM and CNKI were evaluated by two reviewers alone and cross-checked.The Meta-analyses of studies were conducted using RevMan 4.2.2 software.RESULTS:12 studies containing 1,715 patients with NSCLC were included.12 studies were all reported randomly(RCT).Hidden information and application of blind method in therapy were not reported.Results of meta-analysis indicated that:(1)After chemotherapy reaction rate and the level of median disease development in GP therapy (gemcitabine combined with cisplatin) were higher than in GC therapy (gemcitabine combined with carboplatin) with similar median survival time and strong reaction of digestive tract;(2)Reaction rate;the level of median disease development and median survival time in GP therapy than in EP therapy (etoposide combined with cisplatin) but with strong toxicity in bone marrow;(3)Reaction rate of GP therapy was same to NP therapy (vinorelbine combined with cisplatin) with strong toxicity in bone marrow;(4)Reaction rate,median survival time and one-year survival rate in GP therapy were similar to in gemcitabine alone therapy with intense reaction in digestive tract;(5)Reaction rate in VGP therapy (vinorelbine,gemcitabine combined with cisplatin) was higher than in VG therapy (vinorelbine combined with gemcitabine) with strong toxicity in bone marrow but they had same the level of median disease development and median survival time;(6)Reaction rate,median survival time in DG therapy (gemcitabine combined with taxotere) were higher than in taxotere alone therapy with advanced the quality of life and strong toxicity in bone marrow;(7)Reaction rate,median survival time,the level of median disease development and one-year survival rate in therapy of gemcitabine (50 mg?min-1?30 min,i.v) were similar to that of gemcitabine (10 mg?min-1?150 min,i.v) with intense toxicity in bone marrow.17 cases of related death were reported in all researches.CONCLUSION:Gemcitabine has exact clinical efficacy and causes strong toxicity in bone marrow and reaction in digestive tract.

0.05 for both efficacy(?2=16.229 2)and safety(?2=16.672 0).In combined test for efficacy,the combined OR=2.685 1(95% CI:2.388 3～3.018 7) and the test for combined OR showed that ?2=43.835 8(P

Objective To explore the effect of oxygen inhalation on the retinae of newborn rats and its mechanism. Methods We mimicked the retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) by putting the newborn rats in high concentrated oxygen. One-day-old rats were put into the oxygen box with the oxygen concentration of 80% for continuous 7 days; then in air condition for 7 days. The arterial blood oxygen pressure, retinal superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) of the rats (1,2,4,7,8,9,11,14 days old) were examined. The diameter of retinal vessels′ main branch and the coverage rate of peripheral vessels were measured in 7- and 14-day-old rats by ink perfusion. The retinal neovascularization of rats (8,9,11,14 days old) were observed by HE staining. The rats of the same age fed in air condition were in the control group. Results The differential pressures of blood oxygen of rats (1,2,4,7 days old) in study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P0.05). The contents of SOD of the retinae in the rats (1,2,4,7,8 days old) were significantly lower than those in the control group(P

Objective To evaluate the effects and possibility of nitroglycerin on Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) treatment Methods In comparision with the third trimester normal pregnant women (Normal group) (n=11), 34 moderate/severe PIH cases were divided into three groups: PIH treated only with magnesium sulfate (Mg group) (n=11); PIH treated only with nitroglycerin (Ng group) (n=11); and PIH treated with Mg+ Ng (Combination group) (n=12). The endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in placenta was investigatd immunohistochemiscally and quantitatively. Data such as platelet aggregation (PAg), umbilcal artery of S/D ratio and resistance index (RI) with color Doppler and the effect of decrement of blood pressure on PHI groups were evaluated. Results In comparision with Normal group, (1) the quantity of eNOS of PIH cases was signaficently lower (P

The present study is to investigate the protective actions of guggulsterone against the cytotoxicity produced by exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in PC12 cells. It was evaluated by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide] reduction assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, and the release of nitric oxide (NO). ROS and Ca2+ in cells were evaluated by DCFH and Fura 2-AM, respectively. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed by the retention of rhodamine 123 (Rh 123). Apoptosis and morphological alteration in PC12 cells were monitored with flow cytometry and electric microscope. Vitamin E, a potent antioxidant, was employed as a comparative agent. The results showed that preincubation of PC12 cells with guggulsterone (0.1-10 μmol·L-1) prevented cytotoxicity induced by H2O2. Extracellular accumulation of LDH, NO and intracellular accumulation of ROS, Ca2+ resulting from H2O2 were significantly reduced by guggulsterone. Incubation of cells with H2O2 caused a marked decrease in MMP, which was significantly inhibited by guggulsterone. The percentage of H2O2-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells was 24.3%, and decreased in the presence of guggulsterone (0.1-10 μmol·L-1) by .8.4%, 15 .9%, 11.8%, respectively. Guggulsterone exhibited comparable potency against oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in PC12 cells as that of vitamin E. The present findings showed that guggulsterone attenuated H2O2-induced cytotoxicity, extracellular accumulation of LDH and NO, intracellular accumulation of ROS and Ca2+, loss of MMP, and apoptosis, which may represent the cellular mechanisms for its neuroprotective action.

Objective To investigate the technique and efficacy of arthroscopic internal fixation of avulsion fracture of the anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) from the tibial eminence with stainless steel wire guided by meniscal stitching needle.Methods Fifteen cases of avulsion fracture of the ACL from the tibial eminence were treated by arthroscopic internal fixation with stainless steel wire guided by meniscal stitching needle from December 1999 to August 2005.The Lysholm scoring scale system was used to evaluate knee functions before and after surgery.Regular X-ray plain films at AP and lateral views were conducted to detect the bony healing of avulsed fragments.Results The operation was completed within 30 min.No complications of intraarticular infection,iatrogenic injury,fibroarthritis,or non-union of fracture were found.The 15 cases were followed for 6～54 months(mean,20.9?15.0 months).X-ray films revealed good bone union in all the 15 cases.The Lysholm scores were improved from 19.1?15.2(range,10～56) preoperatively to 97.5?3.7(range,91～100) postoperatively,with significant statistical difference by the student-t test(t=18.483,P=0.000).Wire breakage was found in 2 cases at 8 and 14 months after operation,respectively.But the bone union in the 2 cases was not affected.Conclusions Arthroscopic internal fixation with stainless steel wire guided by meniscal stitching needle in the treatment of avulsion fracture of the anterior cruciate ligament from the tibial eminence has advantages of simplicity,broad indications(from type Ⅱ to Ⅳ injuries),minimal invasion,and rapid postoperative recovery.

The progression of immunotherapy in Alzheimers disease was summarized,including active and passive immunotherapy. The therapeutic effect and side effects were indicated. The model of action and strategies for solution of side effects were analyzed.

Objective To observe histologically the effect of exogenous application of bFGF (basic fibroblast growth factor) combined to freeze- dried tendon on angiogenic enhancement in early ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) reconstruction. Methods 14 dogs were used in the experiment. 100 ng/mL bFGF was combined to freeze- dried tendon and then transplanted into one side knee to substitute the original ACL, while only freeze- dried tendon was used in the transplantation at the other side as control. The ACLs were harvested each week from 1 to 6 weeks from the 14 dogs respectively. The histological observation with HE staining was done under microscope to mainly observe the angiogenesis in the transplanted ACL. Results Neovascularization occurred at 2nd to 3rd week and reached the peak at 4th to 5th week postoperatively at the experimental sides. By contrast, the neovascularization occurred at 4th to 5th week postoperatively at the control sides. Conclusion The time of neovascular formation and the depth of vascular penetration into the tendon in the group of bFGF combined to freeze- dried tendon are superior to those in the control group.