Objective To investigate the relationship between the advantageous ear (cerebral hemisphere) of Spanish-speaking Mexican Chinese learners and category's perception of the Chinese tones .Methods Four types of Chinese syllables tones were used as experimental materials with dichotic listening technology to test the Spanish -speaking Mexican Chinese learners who studied Chinese about 60~70 hours ,20~27years old(mean is 21 .29 ± 2 .3) , and then the correct response time and error rate were made a count on .Results In terms of reaction time for iden-tifying the four Chinese tones ,the Spanish-speaking M exican Chinese learners's reaction to the first tone suggested that their right ear were the advantageous ear (the left cerebral hemisphere) .As for the main effects of both hands , the first tone suggested that the Spanish -speaking Mexican Chinese learners had a left hand advantage .The Span-ish -speaking Mexican Chinese learners's reaction to the sencond tone suggested that their right ear were the advan-tageous ear(the left cerebral hemisphere) with the left hand used as a hand of reaction ,and the Spanish-speaking Mexican Chinese learners's reaction to the second tone suggested that their left ear were the advantageous ear (the right cerebral hemisphere) with the right hand used as a hand of reaction .In terms of error rate for identifying the four Chinese tones ,the Spanish-speaking M exican Chinese learners's reaction to the third tone suggested that their right ear were the advantageous ear (the left cerebral hemisphere) with the left or right hand used as a hand of reac-tion ,but the fourth's identification didn't show the advantageous ear .Conclusion M exican Chinese learners identify the first and third tones of Modern Chinese the right ear (the left cerebral hemisphere) main effects were significant . Identifying the second tone of Modern Chinese ,Mexican Chinese learners'right ears (the left cerebral hemisphere)or right ears (the left cerebral hemisphere) were the advantageous ear (the advantageous cerebral hemisphere) or not depend on the reaction of hands .Identifying the fourth tones ,Mexican Chinese learners'left or right ear (left or right cerebral hemisphere) main effects weren't significant .

Objective To investigate the relationship between the advantage ear (brain hemisphere) of Span-ish-speaking Mexican Chinese learners and category's perception of the Chinese aspirated and unaspirated pho-nemes .Methods Chinese aspirated and unaspirated syllables were used as experimental materials with dichotic lis-tening technology to test the Spanish -speaking Mexican Chinese learners .Results Mexican Chinese learners had studied Chinese 25~30 hours firstly showed percept unaspirated affricates and aspirated stops didn't appear left and right ear advantage .Mexican Chinese learners had studied Chinese 50~60 hours showed that percept aspirated affri-cates appeared right ear advantage(P<0 .05) ,and percept unaspirated affricates appeared left ear advantage (P<0 . 05) .Conclusion The conformation of Mexican Chinese learners’ advantage ear (brain hemisphere) is a continuous process ,relating to Chinese aspirated and unaspirated’s category building .

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects and side effects of Jinlong Capsule with concurrent three-dimen-sional conformal radiotherapy for advanced primary hepatic carcinoma. Methods: A total of 85 patients with inoperable primary hepat-ic carcinoma were randomly divided into a research group and a control group. Forty-two cases in the control group were treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy alone, whereas 45 cases in the research group were treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and Jinlong Capsule oral administration. All cases were irradiated with 6 MV X-rays, 2 Gy per day, 5 days a week to a to-tal dose of 60 Gy in 6 weeks. Jinlong Capsule (1 g) was administered orally three times daily until disease progression for at least one year. The short-term therapeutic effect and adverse events were evaluated for 2 months after treatment. The long-term therapeutic effect was assessed at the end of follow-up. Results: The objective response rate of the research group was significantly higher than that of the control group at 74.4% and 47.6%, respectively (P=0.011). The disease control rates were 97.7% and 85.3% (P=0.030) for the re-search and control groups, respectively. No obvious difference was found between the complete response rates of the two groups, 20.9% and 14.3% (P=0.422). The 1- and 3-year overall survival rates of the research group (74.4% and 34.9%) were significantly high-er than those of the control group (66.7% and 16.7%) at P=0.046. The 1- and 3-year progression free survival rates of the research group (74.4% and 27.9%) were significantly higher than those of the control group (61.9% and 9.5%) at P=0.038. The main adverse events were grade 1–2 bone marrow suppression, abdominal distension, nausea, vomiting, and transaminase elevation. No obvious dif-ference was observed between the adverse events in the two groups. Conclusion: The short- and long-term effects of the combination therapy of Jinlong Capsule and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy on primary hepatocellular carcinoma were significantly high-er than those of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy alone. The patients also tolerated the adverse effects.

Objective To study the expression of interleukin 6 (IL 6) and tumor necrosis factor ? (TNF ?) , location of both cytokines and their relationship with the variation of bone mineral density (BMD). Methods Cancellous bone chips were obtained from the vertebral bone of senile osteoporosis and control subjects during operation. Slides were made and stained with IL 6 and TNF ? monoclonal antibody, respectively. Results Osteoblasts and stromal cells were strongly positive to IL 6 and TNF ? in osteoporosis groups. The number of positive cells in high power field are 107 9?42 6 and 99 0?31 8 in osteoporosis groups, and 31 4?20 5 and 28 5?17 1 in controls, respectively, showing significant difference between two groups ( P

Objective:To establish an algorithm on the turnover ratio of drug inventory. Methods: According to the employed method in the commercial field on calculating the inventory turnover and the requirements in the review of three level hospitals by the National Health and Family Planning Commission, an appropriate method for calculating the turnover rate of drug inventory was de-duced. Meanwhile, a corresponding program was performed for the verification. Results:Only the day turnover could be obtained ac-cording to the algorithms on the inventory turnover in commercial field, and the circumstances of the sales could be replaced by the cur-rent sales to obtain the statistics at any given time, while there was remarkable difference between the calculated results and the actual results of some species. If the time in store was chosen as the statistical index, the problem could be avoided. Conclusion:The meth-od with drug storage time as the statistical index can calculate the inventory turnover ratio at any time precisely, which also can be pro-grammed automatically, and the proportion of available varieties meets the inspection requirements.

To capture a state of the enzyme in complex with an intact substrate, we developed and adopted a novel freezing method in crystal preparation procedure. Neither the elimination of the catalytically indispensable ligands, nor mutation or modification of the active site is required. At -20 degrees C, we soaked the crystal of 6-phosphate-beta-glucosidase (Bg1A) in the liquor containing p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside-6-phosphate (pNPbetaG6P). The diffraction data at 2 A resolution was collected and an intact and unambiguous electron density map of pNPbetaG6P was obtained. These results provide an effective method for the research of cryoenzymology and the intermediate state of enzyme-substrate complex in the future.
Cold Temperature ; Crystallization ; Glucosidases ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Substrate Specificity ; X-Ray Diffraction

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the important component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, contributes to the integrity of the outer membrane, and protects the cell against bactericidal agents. LPS, also called endotoxin synonymously, is well known as a potent inducer of the innate immune system that often causes septic shock in the intensive cares. Chemically, the amphiphilic LPS is made up of three parts, i.e., hydrophobic lipid A, hydrophilic core oligosaccharide chain, and hydrophilic O-antigenic polysaccharide side chain. Specially, the lipid A is known to be responsible for a variety of biological effects during Gram-negative sepsis. LPS can elicit a strong response from innate immune system and result in local or systemic adverse reactions. LPS can trigger massive inflammatory responses and may result in immunopathology, for which the molecular basis is mediated by the signal path- way of LPS. In recent years, a tremendous progress has been made in determining the associated proteins and receptors in the LPS signaling that leads to the disease. This review gives a summary of recent progresses of research on LPS and LPS receptors.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; chemistry ; Drug Design ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; drug effects ; Lipopolysaccharides ; chemistry

Currently, all the conventional antibiotics have developed corresponding drug-resistant pathogenic strains, which have increasingly become a serious threat to people's health. Development of completely new types of antibiotics is one of effective ways to solve the drug resistance issue. Antimicrobial peptides with broad-spectrum antibacterial and antimicrobial activity and wild variety become the ideal alternative to traditional antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides are derived from wide range of sources, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms. Mechanism of function of the antimicrobial peptides and the investigation approaches of different antimicrobial peptides also vary dramatically. In this paper, we give an overview of preparation, antibacterial mechanisms, and research methodology of antimicrobial peptides.
Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ; pharmacology ; Humans

Objective To explore the clinical epidemiological characteristics of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Methods By using the clinical epidemiological study methods, the clinical epidemiological characteristics of GIST in Shanxi province from 2000 to 2005 were investigated and analyzed. Results A total of 181 cases of GIST was found from January 2000 to December 2005. The new cases increased every year, and all of them belonged to the Han nationality. There was no statistical significance between the two sexes. The ages were between 18 to 80 years, and the median age was 57 years. The disease incidence increased along with the increase of age. More cases were found in Taiyuan, Changzhi and Jinzhong city, and most of them lived in the downtown area. GIST may occur in any part of the digestive tract, and the predilection sites were stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum and esophagus. 76.83 % of them were in the gastrointestinal tract, the other 23.17 % were not. The commonest symptoms and physical signs were dysphagia, nausea, vomiting, abdominalgia, abdominal distension, abdominal mass and magersucht. As to the histological types, 70.30 % were spindle cell type, 12.10 % were epithelial cell type, and 17.60 % were mixed cell type. As to the karyokinesis, 49.50 %≤5, 36.30 % was 6~10, and 14.30 %≥10. The immunological expression was as follows: CD117 was 80.20 %, CD34 was 67 %, and no positive expression was found on MCK. Conclusions GIST is a rare tumor, and was sporadic in the populations. The clinical incidence of GIST showed a tendency of gradual increase.

Objective To explore the curative effect of microsurgery via posterior approach through the sigmoid sinus in the treatment of secondary trigeminal neuralgia. Methods Clinical data of 37 cases of trigeminal neuralgia secondary to cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumor from October 2000 to July 2006 were studied, including 18 cases of cholesteatoma, 8 cases of meningoma, 6 cases of acoustic neuroma, and 5 cases of trigeminal schwannoma. All tumors were removed with microsurgery through a posterior approach by way of the sigmoid sinus. Results A total resection was achieved in 23 cases, a subtotal resection in 10 cases, and a partial resection in 4 cases. Symptoms of neuralgia disappeared in 35 cases (including 32 cases of immediate relief and 3 cases of relief 2 months after operation). There was no improvement in 2 cases. Conclusions Microsurgery via posterior approach through the sigmoid sinus in the treatment of secondary trigeminal neuralgia is safe and effective.