In this paper, the traditional fault tree analysis method is presented, detailed instructions for its application characteristics in medical instrument maintenance is made. It is made significant changes when the traditional fault tree analysis method is introduced into the medical instrument maintenance: gave up the logic symbolic, logic analysis and calculation, gave up its complicated programs, and only keep its image and practical fault tree diagram, and the fault tree diagram there are also differences: the fault tree is no longer a logical tree but the thinking tree in troubleshooting, the definition of the fault tree's nodes is different, the composition of the fault tree's branches is also different.
Algorithms ; Durable Medical Equipment ; standards ; Maintenance

Due to the high technology and the complexity of medical equipment, as well as to the safety and effectiveness, it determines the high requirements of the medical equipment maintenance work. This paper introduces some basic methods of medical instrument maintenance, including fault tree analysis, node method and exclusive method which are the three important methods in the medical equipment maintenance, through using these three methods for the instruments that have circuit drawings, hardware breakdown maintenance can be done easily. And this paper introduces the processing methods of some special fault conditions, in order to reduce little detours in meeting the same problems. Learning is very important for stuff just engaged in this area.
Equipment and Supplies, Hospital ; standards ; Maintenance ; methods ; Safety

Objective: To improve the method of the international popular traditional CBM, and apply it to medical equipment maintenance. Methods: The monitor equipment real-time monitoring was replace by operating personnel’s real-time monitoring and by engineering technical personnel’s professional inspection regularly. The engineering and technical personnel replace experience with data, regularly test data with continuous data, and experience and reasoning of fuzzy with data processing and calculation of the precise results when analyzing the monitoring equipment unit, so as to achieve the purpose of CBM. Results:Compared with the PM mode, CBM mode’s maintenance workload and downtime maintenance reduce more than 30%and maintenance funds spending save 20~30%. Relative to BM mode, the quality success rate of medical instrument improves more than 5 percent and the personal safety hidden danger has fallen sharply. The medical benefit and economic benefit have been improved. Conclusion:It is effective and feasible to introduce the CBM mode to medical equipment maintenance.

Objective:To complete the medical equipment''s quality control on the premise of the lack of professional testing equipment.Methods: According to the working principle of instrument, to come up with corresponding simple and effective way to carry on the daily quality inspection, and make a qualitative conclusion that whether the instrument is qualified.Results:Effectively to ensure the safety and quality of medical equipment, medical equipment each year the average measurement test pass rate above 95% (bureau of quality and technical supervision measurement test results per year); perfectness ratio is around 98%.Conclusion: In the case of lack of professional testing equipment, through the integrated use of various effective means, can do the qualitative check that whether the performance of all sorts of equipment is qualified , achieve the goal of quality control.

Gansu province is a high incidence area of gastric cancer,and the mortality caused by gastric cancer ranks first in China.A safe and effective treatment of gastric cancer is the key point in the research.In recent years,tumor-targeted therapy has become a new research direction along with the gradually increased understanding of the molecular biology of cancer mechanism.Several studies have shown that increased expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of malignant tumor.Celecoxib,a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug,is a novel COX-2 selective inhibitor which can significantly reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal malignancy,and inhibit tumorigenesis through inhibiting tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis,inducing the apoptosis of tumor cells,reversing multidrug resistance,enhancing the cytotoxicity and radiosensitivity of chemotherapy drugs,and producing synergistic effects with combining chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Therefore,celecoxib has the potential to be the treatment of choice for gastric cancer.

To capture a state of the enzyme in complex with an intact substrate, we developed and adopted a novel freezing method in crystal preparation procedure. Neither the elimination of the catalytically indispensable ligands, nor mutation or modification of the active site is required. At -20 degrees C, we soaked the crystal of 6-phosphate-beta-glucosidase (Bg1A) in the liquor containing p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside-6-phosphate (pNPbetaG6P). The diffraction data at 2 A resolution was collected and an intact and unambiguous electron density map of pNPbetaG6P was obtained. These results provide an effective method for the research of cryoenzymology and the intermediate state of enzyme-substrate complex in the future.
Cold Temperature ; Crystallization ; Glucosidases ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Substrate Specificity ; X-Ray Diffraction

The present study is to investigate the protective actions of guggulsterone against the cytotoxicity produced by exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in PC12 cells. It was evaluated by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide] reduction assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay, and the release of nitric oxide (NO). ROS and Ca2+ in cells were evaluated by DCFH and Fura 2-AM, respectively. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed by the retention of rhodamine 123 (Rh 123). Apoptosis and morphological alteration in PC12 cells were monitored with flow cytometry and electric microscope. Vitamin E, a potent antioxidant, was employed as a comparative agent. The results showed that preincubation of PC12 cells with guggulsterone (0.1-10 μmol·L-1) prevented cytotoxicity induced by H2O2. Extracellular accumulation of LDH, NO and intracellular accumulation of ROS, Ca2+ resulting from H2O2 were significantly reduced by guggulsterone. Incubation of cells with H2O2 caused a marked decrease in MMP, which was significantly inhibited by guggulsterone. The percentage of H2O2-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells was 24.3%, and decreased in the presence of guggulsterone (0.1-10 μmol·L-1) by .8.4%, 15 .9%, 11.8%, respectively. Guggulsterone exhibited comparable potency against oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in PC12 cells as that of vitamin E. The present findings showed that guggulsterone attenuated H2O2-induced cytotoxicity, extracellular accumulation of LDH and NO, intracellular accumulation of ROS and Ca2+, loss of MMP, and apoptosis, which may represent the cellular mechanisms for its neuroprotective action.

BACKGROUND: As a group of primary cells,stem cells have the potentials of self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation, and can replace the damaged cardiomyocytes to construct new vessels, and enable the asthenic heart to obtain the blood pumping function again.This study summarized the progress of stem cell transplantation in treating cardiovascular diseasesDATA SOURCES:A computer-based online search of Pubmed database was undertaken to identify English articles published from January 2000 to December 2005, the keywords were "stem cell transplantation, cardiovascular diseases".STUDY SELECTION: The articles were primarily checked, and the references of each literature were looked up. Inclusive criteria:articles correlated with the classification and the transplanted pathways of stem cells,the present status,problems and prospect of its basic and clinical application in treating cardiovascular diseases. Exclusive criteria: repetitive study or Meta analysis.DATA EXTRACTION:Totally 50 relative literatures were collected, and 31 of them accorded with the inclusive criteria,and the other 19 were excluded due to the old or repetitive contents. Of the 31 involved literatures, 19 were about the classification of stem cells used in cardiovascular system, 1 about the transplanted pathways of stem cells, 8 about the application of stem cells in treating cardiovascular diseases, and 3 about the existing problems and prospect.DATA SYNTHESIS:With the continuous improvement of living level and aging, cardiovascular diseases have become the main causes for death and disability in modern society.Stem cells have the potentials of multi-directional differentiation, and have become the main seed cells for cell replacement therapy, and provided important investigative and applicating field for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. At present, there are many stem cells to be used in cardiovascular system, including embryonic stem cells, umbilical cord blood stem cells, peripheral blood stem cells, bone marrow stem cells, skeletal muscle satellite cells, myocardial stem cells, adipose tissue-derived stem cells, etc. The common pathways for stem cell transplantation are direct injection into myocardium,intracoronary artery injection and intravenous injection.Stem cell transplantation can treat cardiovascular diseases by promoting angiogenesis and myocardial regeneration, decreasing myocardial apoptosis and reducing myocardial collagen, then ameliorate the cardiac function, and breakthrough and progress have been made in both animal models and clinical studies. However, problems sill exist to be solved, and there is agreat distance to the routine clinical application.CONCLUSION: Stem cells are the important fields of the basic research and clinical application for preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases,thus it will provide powerful theoretical and practical supports for the more effective prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases to solving the key points and difficulties in cardiovascular diseases.

Objective To establish an artificial reflex arc to reinnervate the nerropathic bladder and restore bladder function after spinal cord injury. It involves a somatic reflex are with a modified efferent branch which passes the somatic motor impulses to the bladder and initiate autonomic bladder detrusor contraction. Methods This is achieved by intradural microanastomosis of the right L5 ventral root to S2 ventral root in canines. After a-conal regeneration,the pateller ligament-spinal cord center-bladder new artificial bladder reflex pathway was extablished. The early and final function of the reflex are was observed by electrophysiological experiments, bladder pressure tests and detrusor electromyograms (EMG)' Surgical operation of bilateral intradural microanastomosis of the L5 ventral roots to the S2 ventral roots was done in a 20 years old male patient with upper thoracispinal paraplegia. Results Single stmuli (115 mV, 1. 0 ms) of the right L, dorsal root resulted in evoked potentials recorded from the right S2 ventral root distal to the anastomosized site in all 6 canines. In 4 canines 6 months postoperation and 48 hours after spinal cord was transected, bladder contraction was very quickly initiated by trains of stimuli (l 000 mV, 10 Hz, 2 s) of the right L5 dorsal root and bladder pressures increased rapidly to average 65% of normal compared to controls' Bladder contraction induced by knocking the right pateller ligament increased to average 51 % of controls througt the new reflex arc. In 2 canines 18 months postoperation,bladder pressures increased by the same stimuli to average 84% of controls and to average 62% of controls by knocking the pateller ligament. Stimuli (3. 8 mA, 1' 0 Hz) of the right L5 dorsal root and femoral nerve resulted in EMG recorded from the detrusor in 2 canines 18 months postoperation. The patient achieved controllable micturition by calcaneus tendon-spinal cord center-bladder new artificial bladder reflex pathway at 14 months postoperation. Micturition was very quickly initiated by passive dorsalflexion of either lateral ankle joint,and the results of bladder function was excellent at postoperation. Conclusion The somatic motor a-cons can regenerate into the parasympathetic endoneurial tubes of autonomic nerve. Using the survived somatic reflex under the horizon of spinal cord injury to reconstruct the bladder autonomic reflex arc by intradural microanasto- mosis of ventral root is successful in the first patient and have a potential of clinical application.

Objective To investigate the role of hepatic Kupffer cells in acute hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis associated lung injury(AHNP LI) and the therapeutic effects of gadolinium chloride(GdcI_3). Methods Forty-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups:(I) sham operation group;(II) AHNP group;(III) Gdcl_3 (protection) group(Gdcl3 10mg/kg);(IV) Gdcl_3control group(Gdcl_3 10mg/kg).In the sham operation group, the (abdominal) vescera were shifted around for several times and the abdomen was closed.The AHNP model was induced by retrograde intraductal administration of 5% sodium taurcholate(1ml/kg,0.1ml/min).In the Gdcl_3 protection group,Gdcl_3 solution was admmistered by caudal vein injection one day before the AHNP model was made.In these 3 group of animals,specimens were obtained in order at 3h and 6h postoperatively:(1)Blood was withdrawn from the abdominal aorta to determine serum amylase,TNF?,IL-1(in addition,in the sham operation group,blood AST and ALT were determined);(2)A portion of liguefied right lung was obtained to determine MPO;another portion was fixed with 10% formalin for tissue pathological examination;(3)Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of excised left lung was obtained ,and then alveolar macrophages were isolated,collected and purified.After removal of their nuclear (proteins),the alveolar macrophages were tested to determine NF-?B activation with the use of chemical illumination ELISA method;and (4)pancreatic tissue was reserved for pathological examination.In the Gdcl_3 control group, Gdcl_3 was administered by caudal vein injection,the animals were sacrificed 24h later,and blood was obtained to determine blood AST and ALT. Results In the Gdcl_3 prevention group,the level of MPO in lung tissue,serum (levels) of TNP? and IL-1,and NF-?B activation of alveolar (macrophages) were all significanfly reduced as compared with the AHNP model group(in all,P