Objective To explore the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effect of miR-15a in diabetic retinopathy(DR).Methods High glucose model(HG)was established by treatment with 25 mmol/L glucose in human retinal pigment epithelial cell line HARPE-19,and HARPE-19 cells treated with 5 mmol/L glucose served as control(LG).HG group and LG group were divided into 4 subgroups:miR-15a mimic group,NC-mimic group,miR-15a inhibitor group and NC-inhibitor group.Cell proliferation ability was detected by MTT proliferation assay.Cell migration ability was detected by cell scratch assay.The relationship between miR-15a and ASM was identified by 3′UTR luciferase reporter assay.miR-15a,ASM,VEGF,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR method.Results In NC-mimic cells and NC-inhibitor cells,the expression of miR-15a in HG group was significantly lower than that in LG group(all P<0.05).The expression level of ASM mRNA in miR-15a mimic group was significantly lower than that in NC-mimic group (P<0.05),the expression level of ASM mRNA in miR-15a inhibitor group was significantly higher than that in NC-inhibitor group (P<0.05).The cell scratch width in miR-15a mimic group was significantly higher than that in NC-mimic group(P<0.05).The cell scratch width in miR-15a inhibitor group was significantly lower than that in NC-inhibitor group(P<0.05).The absorbance value in miR-15a mimic group was significantly higher than that in NC-mimic group(P<0.05),the absorbance value in miR-15a inhibitor group was significantly lower than that in NC-inhibitor group(P<0.05).In NC-mimic cells and NC-inhibitor cells,the mRNA expression levels of VEGF,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α in HG group was significantly higher than those in LG group(all P<0.05).Conclusion miR-15a downexpression induces inflammatory reaction and angiogenesis in retinal cells.miR-15a is involved in the pathogenesis of DR by dual regulation of inflammation and angiogenesis.

Objective:To study the total serum IgE level of infant's asthmatic diseases in acute attacks and its effect on the development of wheezing.Method:The serum IgE levels of 964 children(younger than two years old)diag- nosed as asthmatic bronchitis or bronehiolitis were measured by immune dispersion nephelometer.Result:78.9% childrens had high E levels(females took up 25.9% and males,74.1%),asthmatic bronchitis accounted for 92.3% of the total and bronehiolitis,60.3%.Of the 328 infants involved in our research,76 were diagnosed as asthma at last,which accoun- ted for 23.2%.Conclusion:78.9% infants had a high level of IgE in an acute phase.There was a prominent relativity be- tween IgE and the development of asthma.The increased IgE level of asthmatic bronchitis was obviously higher than that of the bronchiolitis.There appeared to be a connection between the IgE level and the occurrence of asthmatic bronchitis to- gether with the development of asthma.

OBJECTIVE To discuss management in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases and influenza A(H1N1) the according to law.METHODS The requirements of prevention and treatment for infectious diseases and influenza A(H1N1),were set out according to "Communicable Disease Prevention Act" and other relevant laws and regulations.RESULTS The prevention and control strategies and measures of influenza A(H1N1) still existed some problems.CONCLUSIONS The key doing a good job of prevention and control for infectious diseases and influenza A(H1N1) is according to the law scientificly and orderly.

Studies have shown that co-infection of influenza viruses with bacteria is an important cause of high mortality during the epidemic of influenza.There are at least 12 species of bacteria that have been reported to be able to co-infect with influenza.Among those species,co-infection with Staphylococcus aureus is not only the most common but also the most lethal.However,the pathogenesis of high mortality from co-infection with influenza virus/S.aureus remains elusive.In addition,co-infection of influenza virus/S.aureus can induce severe pneumonia.There is new evidence that influenza virus can reduce the host′s tolerance to pathogenic or inflammatory injury,and the two pathogens can also synergistically aggravate toxic effects on the host.Here,we review the mechanisms of severe mortality of influenza infection associated with S.aureus co-infections in order to contribute to prevention and control of influenza in the future.

Objective To construct recombinant plasmids containing various functional domains of APC protein and detect their expression in HCT-116 cells. Methods Five APC gene fragments were amplified by PCR with whole APC gene as template and primers designed according to APC cDNA sequence and mutation cluster domain. The five obtained fragments were cloned into eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N3 to generate recombinant pEGFP-N3-APC1-5. Sequence of the inserted gene was identified and analyzed after restriction enzyme digestion. Liposome-mediated recombinant plasmid pEGFP-N3-APC was transfected into HCT 116 cells and identified by green fluorescence. RT-PCR was employed to validate the expression of recombinant vectors in cells. Results Recombinant pEGFP-N3-APC1-5 were confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and sequence analysis. The plasmids could be expressed in HCT-116 cell line detected by fluorescence microscope. Results of RT-PCR made clear that vectors constructed could be expressed in HCT-116 cells. Conclusion The relative efficient expression of five recombinant expressive vector in HCT-116 cell line may provide an experimental basis for selecting specific therapy peptide for colorectal cancer.

Objective To establish a quick electrochemical biosensor for the detection of nucleic acid of Ebola virus . Methods The DNA tetrahedral nanostructure was self-assembled on gold surface by strong Au-S chemical bonds , leaving the target probe at the top .A biotinylated-ssDNA was introduced as the detection probe by specific binding of the captured target sequence , before avidin-horseradish peroxidase ( HRP) was used as a signal amplifier to transduce amperometric sig-nal through interactions with TMB substrate .Results The results indicated that the nucleotide sequence of Ebola virus could be recognized and detected by the sensor .The linear range for the detection of target DNA was from 1.0 ×10 -9 to 5.0 ×10 -6 mol/L,and the detection limit was 5.2 ×10 -10 mol/L.Conclusion The fabricated sensor is demonstrated to be sensitive and specific for the detection of Ebola virus nucleotide .

[Summary] To discuss blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing insulin therapy.A randomized controlled trial was conducted in type 2 diabetics who were taking insulin and who had an HbA1C level ≥ 8％,with a 6-month follow-up period.70 diabetic patients were randomly and equally divided into control group who received standard care,and intervention group who received an individualized personalized medical treatment with health education.The main outcome measures were change of HbA1C,diabetes and medication knowledge,adherence to medications,family blood glucose monitoring,and insulin injection techniques.Questionnaire was used to evaluate the outcomes before and after the intervention.The medication and diabetes knowledge,medication adherence,the correct way for home blood glucose monitoring were significantly improved in intervention group,while remained unchanged in the control group.After 6 months,HbA1C values were significantly reduced in the intervention group while remained unchanged in the controls.The quality of life also significantly improved in the intervention group.

Objective To observe the distribution and possible mechanism of P2X7R in periaq-ueductal gray matter (PAG)in a rat model with chronic neuropathic pain in vivo.Methods The in-trathecal catheterization and sciatic nerve injury (SNI)were performed.All animals were randomly assigned into 3 groups with 26 rats in each,which was group Sham,control group (group C)and brilliant blue G (BBG)group (group BBG),respectively.Normal saline or BBG 10 μl were intrathe-cally injected after SNI and repeated for seven days.Paw-withdrawal mechanical thresholds (PWT) were measured on day 0,day 7,day 14,and day 21 after SNI.The rats were sacrificed and PAG tis-sues were collected on day 14 and day 21,separately.The distributions of P2X7R were observed by immunofluorescence.The protein contents of P2X7R and GFAP were assessed by Western blot assays.Results The P2X7R was expressed in PAG in rats.The PWTs of the control group showed a significant decrease during the 21-day period compared with the sham group.The P2X7R signals were predominantly expressed in astrocytes in PAG after SNI.Both P2X7R and GFAP expression remark-ably increased.Administration of BBG increased the PWTs,and inhibited the P2X7R and GFAP ex-pressions compared with those atthe same point of time of the control group.Conclusion These results indicated that P2X7R in PAG might participate in nociception modulation in the midbrain in chronic neuropathic pain.

Objective To observe the effects of nAChR antagonistα-conotoxin Eb1.6 on ther-mal pain threshold and spinal IL-1βexpression levels and astrocytes activation in rats using L5 spinal nerve transaction (SNT)model.Methods Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups with each group 10 rats:sham group,different doses of α-CTX Eb1.6 (0.1 5,1.5 and 1 5 nmol/kg)groups and the saline group after SNT.Saline solution or different doses of Eb1.6 were intraperitoneally injected seven days after the surgery when the model was stable and the treatment continued for seven days.Measured the TWLs of all groups of the rats 1,2,4,7,12 hours after the in-jection on 7 d and 13 d.The rats were sacrificed and L5 spinal cord tissues were collected immediately after the behavioral tests on 13 d.The expression of GFAP and IL-1βwere assessed by Western blot assay and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)separately.Results Groups E1,E2,E3 and C had shorter TWL before the injection on 7 d and 13 d than group N(P <0.05).The TWLs of the rats in groups E1,E2 and E3 of 1 h,2 h and 4 h after the injection on 7 d were significantly higher than that before the injection(P <0.05)with 2 h after the injection showed the most obvious change.The TWL of 1 h,2 h,4 h and 7 h after the injection of the rats in group E1,E2 and E3 and those of 12 h after the injection of the rats in group E2 and E3 on 13 d were significantly higher than that before the injection(P <0.05 )and also higher than TWL of the respective time points on 7 d(P < 0.05 ),also with 2 h after the injection showed the most obvious change.The TWLs of 2 h after the injection a-mong group E1,E2 and E3 showed significant differences both on 7 d and 13 d (P <0.05).Rats spi-nal IL-1βand GFAP expression levels of group E1,E2,E3 and C were significantly higher than those of group N(P <0.05).Rats spinal IL-1β and GFAP expression levels of groups E1,E2,E3 signifi-cantly decreased compared with group C(P <0.05).There were significant differences among the spi-nal IL-1βand GFAP expression levels of group E1,E2 and E3(P <0.05).Conclusion Eb1.6 dose-de-pendently reduced the thermal hyperalgesia induced by L5 spinal nerve transection.Repeated treat-ment of Eb1.6 could produce better analgesic effect,which might be partly attribute to the inhibition of spinal IL-βlevels and astrocytes activation.

This review focuses on biological characteristics of Echinococcus f elidis including molecular genetic markers , species status ,host coverage ,geographical distribution ,epidemiological implications ,phylogeny ,and evolution .The molecular genetic markers are involved in mitochondrial cox1 (cytochrome C oxidase subunit 1) and nad1 (nicotinamide adenine dinucle-otide dehydrogenase subunit 1) genes ,nuclear protein-coding gene sequences such as elp (ezrin-radixin-moesin-like protein) , e f1a (elongation factor 1 alpha) ,pepck (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase ) ,pold (DNA polymerase delta ) ,and ribosome RNA gene sequences such as ITS1 and 18S rRNA .The establishment of species status is based on distinctly discriminated mor-phological characteristics such as hooks on the rostrum with apparent rugae ,the special definitive host (lions) ,and divergence of DNA sequences ,etc .between E . f elidis and other Echinococcus species .In brief ,the review has provided researchers and ex-perts in the field of echinococcosis with fundamental background knowledge and guidelines for future research directions ,clinical and epidemiological investigations ,and prevention and control of echinococcosis .