Over the past four hundred years,under the influence of the western philosophy,many achievements in the physical world have been made with the precise control of time and space.While,human being is a complex of physical matter and mental spirit.So far,we can hardly control human's mind as effectively as human's physical body,and neither do we fully understand the nature of Mind.The present article tries to analyze the cause and the outcomes of this imbalanced system which has resulted in many limitations and loopholes in medicine and life science.The possible ways to improve are discussed and the blueprint for future medicine and life science is predicted.

Brain cell microenvironment,also known as cerebral tissue channel,consists of the brain extracellular space and its contents.For a long time,because of the limit of technology,the research about brain extracellular space hasn't been given enough attention in the field of cognitive sciences and neuroscience.With the development of medical imaging technology,the research about brain extracellular space will open up a new space for brain and cognitive sciences,and provide a new approach for diagnosis and treatment of encephalopathy.Based on the method of medical informatics,this article reveals hot topics on brain science,presents the history of the research about brain cell microenvironment,and analyzes the construction of neurology literature so as to provide reference for the future researchers.

In this article,the strategy and achievements of the interdisciplinary in recent years in Peking University are summarized.We also discussed the remaining problems in the development of medical science and interdisciplinary as well as how to improve the management system and operational mechanism.

Objective:To retrospectively analyze the CT features among gastric cancer, gastric lymphoma and gastric malignant stromal tumors, evaluated the application value of MDCT in gastric malignant tumor.Methods: Sixty two patients with gastric malignancies tumor confirmed by pathology underwent MDCT plain scanning and triphasic contrasted scanning before operation. Referring to the pathological results, to observe the CT signs, include: scope of tumors and involvement, the density of tumors and enhanced characteristics, mucosal membrane, the change of the stomach softness, peripheral lymph node enlargement, the involvement of other organs, and to make statistical analysis for imaging features of these tumors byx2 testing.Results: Sixty two cases of gastric malignant tumor included 42 cases of gastric carcinoma, 12 cases of gastric lymphoma and 8 cases of gastric malignant stromal tumor, were confirmed by postoperative pathology. The CT manifestations were as follows: the stomach mucous membrane surface involvement in all the gastric cancer, the positive rate was significantly higher than gastric lymphoma and stromal tumor. The area involved by lymphoma were more than two partitions, significantly higher than that of gastric cancer and stromal tumor (x2=36.643,x2=20.00;P<0.05). 39 cases (92.8%) of gastric cancer and 8 cases (100%) of malignant stromal tumors were significantly enhanced, but all gastric lymphoma were not obvious enhancement. The positive rate of enlarged lymph nodes in gastric cancer(61.9%) and lymphoma(83.3%) were higher than stromal tumor(12.5%)(x2=9.731,x2=6.603;P<0.05).Conclusion: The CT manifestations of the gastric cancer, lymphoma, malignant stromal tumors had different characteristics. Multislice CT for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of gastric malignant tumor has important value.

Objective To evaluate the osteoinductive activity of recombinant adenoviral vector carrying the human BMP-2 gene(AdBMP-2) and investigate the mechanism of bone formation induced by the bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP-2).Methods AdBMP-2 infected rabbit bone messenchymal stem cells(BMSC) were cultivated in vitro.The expression of hBMP-2 was determined by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis,and ALP was determined by enzyme cytochemistry 7 d after infection.At 21th day,Alizarin red S staining was used to evaluate calcium-rich deposits by cells transfected in culture.30 ?L AdBMP-2 solution(2?10~(12)pfu?mL~(-1)) was injected into the muscle of the left hind limb of the nude rat,and 30 ?L Ad? gal solution(2?10~(12)pfu?mL~(-1)) was injected into the muscle of the right hind limb as control.Animals were sacrificed at 20th day following injection to investigate the bone formation histologically and the expression of BMP-2 in the specimens of the injection sites by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization method.Results The expressions of BMP-2 and ALP in the transduced BMSC were confirmed at 7 th day after infection.A deeply stained mineralized layer was evident at 21th day in transduced cells.In vivo experiment,BMP-2 gene therapy induced mesenchymal monocytes chemotaxis,proliferation, differentiation into chondrocytes,with subsequent endochondral bone formation.At the same time,hBMP-2 expression was observed in the chondrocytes,osteoblasts and mesenchymal monocytes.(Conclusion AdBMP-2) posseses the osteoinductive activity in vitro and in vivo.

Objective Calcium overload has important effect on cell injury in the ischemic stroke MR DWI/PWI mismatch may display the ischemic penumbra We try to explain the relationship between the characters of MR DWI/PWI and intracellular Ca 2+ in the different ischemic region through the model of focal cerebral ischemia Methods Twenty-eight rabbits underwent permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) From 0 5 h to 36 h after the onset of occlusion, diffusion-, perfusion-, and T 2-weighted MR imaging were performed to generate ADC, CBF, CBV parameters and anatomic images After the MR scanning, the same brain slices were incubated with Fluo-3/AM followed by the examination using laser confocal scanning microscope (LCSM) At different ischemic time, fluorescence intensity (FI) of the intracellular Ca 2+ in the DWI/PWI match region and mismatch one was recorded FI match /FI contralateral and FI mismatch /FI contralateral were produced and analyzed Results (1) MR outcome: The DWI/PWI match was located in the lateral caudoputamen and the DWI/PWI mismatch was mainly located in the frontoparietal cortex At 0 5 h after MCAo, CBF and CBV of lateral caudoputamen and frontoparietal cortex in the affected side deceased marked and the rCBF and rCBV of lateral caudoputamen were less then that of frontoparietal cortex in all groups ( t =-11 74, P

0.05). Conclusions: There exists an abnormal reduction of neural viability and function on bilateral hippocampus of patients with first-episode MDD.

Rat brain development is a complicated process.There are significant changes of histology, cytology and molecular biology in the process of fetal and postnatal brain development.The basic structure of brain has formed in the prenatal period.While the formation of connections between different parts and the improvement of the function of the brain occur after birth, during which many of the variations are bases of the nervous system diseases, so the postnatal brain development is still very important.Although the concept of brain microenvironment has been proposed more than 150 years ago, the research about the changing extracellular space ( ECS ) during the postnatal brain development has yet to gain significant progress.The author reviewed the anatomical and physiological characteristics of ECS in the process of postnatal development of the rat, stating the important role of ECS in the individual development, which is expected to provide reliable evidences for the explore of mechanisms and effective treatment approaches of pediatric development related nervous system diseases.

ObjectiveTo investigate the ultrasonic clinical value of scalpel in abdominal surgery for D2 radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.MethodsA retrospective analysis was made in Zhengzhou University Affiliated Luoyang Central Hospital from September 2008 to September 2010 gastric group.The patients were divided into ultrasound knife group and normal operative in 136,including 75 cases using ultrasonic scalpel,61 using cases electric knife.The lymph node dissection time,intraoperative blood loss,the drainage 72 h after were compared between the two groups.Results The average operation time ultrasound knife group was ( 114 ± 35 ) min,the surgery blood loss was ( 110.4 ± 32) mL.The drainage 72 h after operation was (180 ± 24) mL,which were significantly reduced compared with the normal operative group.The difference in detection rate between the two groups was not statric cancer can improve efficiency,reduce trauma,accelerate postoperative recovery,showing good application prospect in radical resection of gastri cancer.ConclusionsUltrasound knife used in D2 radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer can improve efficiency,reduce trauma,accelerate postoperative recovery,showing good application prospect in radical resection of gastric cancer.

Objective To study the protein expression and gene amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(Her-2)in adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction and its association with the clinicopathological features .Methods Immunohistochemical method and fluorescence in situ hybridization ( FISH) were used to detect Her -2 expression and gene amplification in 80 surgically resected gastroesophageal junction cancer tissue .We further analyzed the relationship between the gastroesophageal junction cancer histolog -ical differentiation ,as well as depth of invasion ,clinical stage and lymph node metastasis .Results Her-2 am-plification of gastroesophageal junction carcinoma by FISH was 22.5%,while the overexpression by IHC was 15%.Her-2 gene amplification and protein overexpression were correlated with the differentiation ,clinical TNM stage,invasive depth and lymph node metastasis of the carcinoma (all P<0.05).Her-2 expression was not asso-ciated with the patients age,gender,invasive depth and lymph node metastasis(P<0.05).Conclusion Her -2 protein expression and gene amplification may be a prognostic indicator for the patients with gastroesophageal junction cancer .The joint detection of Her -2 protein expression level and the gene amplification can guide the prognosis and therapy for adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction .