Objective To investigate the protective effects of pretreatment with valsartan, an angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor blocker, on the brain against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods Thirty-six healthy male C57BL/6J mice aged 10-12 weeks weighing 20-25 g were randomly divided into 2 groups (n - 18 each): valsartan group (V) and control group (C). In group V valsartan 2 mg?kg-1 dissolved in 2.5% NaHCO3 100 ?l was given intraperitoneally (i.p. ) every day for 10 days before experiment while in group C 2.5% NaHCO3 100?l without valsartan was given. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital 40 mg?kg-1. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was produced by inserting an 8-0 nylon thread with rounded end into the left internal carotid artery and advancing it cranially until resistance was felt. MCAO was maintained for 1 h. The nylon thread was then withdrawn for reperfusion. A laser doppler blood flow detector (Omegaflo FLO-C1, Omegawave Co, Netherlands) was used to detect local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) at central and marginal infarct area [LCBF (%) = LCBF during I/R / baseline LCBF ? 100% ]. The model of MCAO was considered established when LCBF at central infarct area was 20% lower than the baseline value. LCBF was measured 10 min before MCAO (T0, baseline), as soon as MCA was occluded (T1) at 10, 30, 50 min of ischemia (T2-4) and at 10, 30, 60 min of reperfusion (T5-7) . MAP was measured immediately before valsartan administration, at T0 and T5. Neurological function deficit (NFD) was evaluated and scored (0 = no deficit, 4 = worst result) at 23 h after reperfusion was started . After evaluation of NFD the animals were anesthetized again and killed. The brains were removed. Cerebral water content was measured [cerebral water content (%) = (wet weight - dry weight) / wet weight ? 100%]. Infarct area was measured. Mortality rate was recorded.Results Pretreatment with valsartan did not affect MAP significantly but significantly reduced infarct area, brain water content, NFD and mortality rate and improved focal cerebral blood flow after MCAO. Conclusion Valsartan pretreatment can decrease cerebral infarct area induced by MCAO through improvement of focal cerebral blood flow after MCAO.

The scientific research management is one of the critical factors to build up the innovative system of scientific research.There are two modes of scientific research management:self-organization and hetero-organization.The serf-organization management,which follows the rules of science development,is the precondition to advance the scientific research,it is also necessary to implement the hetero-organization in right time and right place.The management should conduct more investigation into the nature of scientific research,put the service on the important role and finally speed up the reforming of science research management mechanism.

Objective To compare the effica cy of three N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) formulations against Schistosoma japonicum infection in mice. Methods Three 10% DEET formulations (DEET isopropanol solution,DEET cr eam and DEET vaseline ointment)were prepared and two experiments, no-dipping or dipping after applying DEET preparation ,were designed. In each experiment, mice were randomly divided into three experiment groups and three control groups . D ifferent DEET preparations were applied in the experiment groups and isopropanol solution, “yumeijing” cream , vaseline ointment were applied in the control g roups, respectively. At different time points after skin application (0.5, 1, 2 , 4 h and 8 h),the mice were infected with (50?5) Schistosoma j apon icum cercariae on the abdominal skin in no dipping experiment. I n dipping experiment,after mice skin were applied and were dipped for 10,30 min, 1 ,2 h and 4 h, respectively, the mice were infected with (50?5) cercariae. Af ter 6-7 weeks ,all the mice were sacrificed and the worms were collected by hea rt perfusion and counted.Worm reduction rates were calculated and rank sum tests w ere carried out. Results In no-dipping experim ent,three DEET formulations provided 100.0% protection in mice at least for 1 h .A t 2 ,4 h and 8 h ,the worm reduction rates were 94.8%,89.9% and 13.3% for DE ET isopropanol solution, 100.0%,97.8% and 50.7% for DEET cream and 100.0%,9 9.0% and 9 8.0% for DEET vaseline oinment, respectively. In dipping experi-ment, given 50.0% wor m reduction rate as efficient in preventing penetration by the cercariae, the e ffective times were 10 min for DEET isopropanol solution,30 min for DEET cream a nd 2 h for DEET vaseline oinment,respectively. Conclusion Three DEET formulations are effectiv e in preventing Schistosoma japonicum infection in mice.DEET vaseline oinment can provide better protection than the other two D EET formulations.

ObjectiveTo explore the efficiency of N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) with different concentrations in prevention of Schistosoma japonicum infection in mice.MethodsKunming-mice were randomly divided into four groups for the application of the vaseline ointment with different DEET concentrations (0,10%,20% and 30%). After the abdominal skin of the mice were smeared with those DEETs above mentioned and dipped into water for 10,30 min,1,2 h and 4 h, the mice were infected with (505) cercariae respectively. After infected for 6-7 weeks, all of the mice were sacrificed,and by perfusing heart the worms were collected and counted.Worm reduction rates were calculated and the rank sum tests were carried out. ResultsAt the time points of 1,2 and 4 h , the worm reduction rates were 78.34%,63.15% and 40.23% for 10% DEET vaseline ointment, 98.61%,93.37% and 75.74% for 20% DEET vaseline ointment and 100.00%,98.61% and 93.07% for 30% DEET vaseline oinment respectively(H =10.06,10.84,10.80,all P

Objective To determine the incidence and clinical factors associated with bleeding after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of gastric mucosal lesions.Methods Clinical,endoscopic and pathological data of 223 lesions in 215 ESD patients between January 2009 and October 2011 were collected.The following factors associated with bleeding were analyzed:( 1 ) patient-related factors:sex,age,concomitant diseases including hypertension and diabetes mellitus,history of administration of anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents; (2) lesion-related factors:size,location,ulcer or scar findings,macroscopic types and pathological types; (3) procedure-related factors:en-bloc resection,spray of porcine fibrin sealant and operation time. Results Thirteen patients (13 lesions ) developed bleeding after ESD,among whom 7(53.8％) occurred within 24 hours after the procedure,5 (38.5％) within 1 week and 1 (7.7％) on the sixteenth day after ESD.Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that lesion size ( ≥5 cm; odds ratio 8.663 ; 95％ CI:2.081 - 36.075) was an independent risk factor for bleeding.Conclusion Lesion size is the independent risk factor for bleeding after ESD,so careful preparation and close monitoring are required during and after ESD.In the meantime efforts should be made to identify and exactly demarcate lesions to minimize the size of resected specimens and reduce the risk of bleeding after ESD.

Objective To explore the value of arginase-1(Arg-1) and glypican-3 (GPC-3) combined examination in the differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),metastatic carcinoma (MC) of liver and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).Methods From January 2005 to December 2011,a total of 54 patients with HCC were selected,including 10 cases with high differentiation,25 cases with moderate differentiation and 19 cases with poor differentiation.At the same time,25 patients with MC of liver and 20 patients with ICC were selected.A total of 31 normal liver specimens were set as control.The expressions of Arg 1 and GPC-3 in the above tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry method.The sensitivity and specificity of the examination in the diagnosis of HCC were analyzed.Chi-square test was performed for count data analysis.Results The positive expression rate of Arg-1 in HCC,MC of liver,ICC and normal liver tissues was 87.0％ (47/54),4.0％ (1/25),5.0％ (1/20) and 100.0％ (31/31),respectively.The Arg 1 positive expression rate in HCC tissues was higher than that in other tumor tissues of non-HCC,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =66.98,P＜0.05).The positive expression rate of GPC-3 in HCC,MC of liver,ICC and normal liver tissues was 70.4％ (38/54),12.0％ (3/25),5.0％ (1/20) and 0 (0/31),respectively.The GPC-3 positive expression rate in HCC tissues was higher than that in other tumor tissues of non-HCC and the difference was statistically significant (x2=37.98,P＜0.05).The sensitivity and specificity of Arg-1 or GPC-3 positive in HCC diagnosis was 92.6％ (50/54) and 86.7％ (39/45).The sensitivity and specificity of both Arg 1 and GPC-3 positive in HCCdiagnosis was 64.8％ (35/54) and 100.0％ (45/45).Conclusion Arginase-1 and glypican-3 combined examination has an important value in HCC diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Objective To study the clinical effect of pedicle screw fixation in treatment of unstable upper and middle thoracic vertebrae fractures. Methods A retrospective study was performed on 17 cases of unstable upper and middle thoracic vertebrae fractures treated with vertebral pedicle screw system (GSS 全称in 11 cases and USS 全称in six) fixation, posterolateral bone grafting and fusion from March 2001 on. There were one case of T_3, two T_4, two T_5, four T_6, six T_7 and two T_8. Of all, nine cases were with compression fractures, five with fracture-dislocation and three with burst fractures. Results All cases were followed up for 10-38 months (average 21.1 months). During the follow up, the anterior vertebral body height was restored from preoperative 40% to postoperative 91%. Except for four screw malpositions, there was no postoperative neurologic deterioration, screw loose or breakage of the internal fixation, or loss of the normal spine curve and the spinal height of the injured vertebra. Conclusions Pedicle screw fixation is an effective way for treating unstable upper and middle thoracic vertebrae fractures. Correct placement depend on a comprehensive familiarity of pedicle anatomy, appropriate pedicle diameter and entry point and depth can avoid potential risks in placing pedicle screws into the upper and middle thorax.

AIM: To investigate the effect of canstatin on cultured rabbit vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC). METHODS: By means of cationic liposome mediated method, canstatin RNA was transferred into cultured VSMC. The proliferation quantity of VSMC were determined by the cell counting method and thymidine(-TdR) incorporation. RESULTS: Canstatin RNA could be effectively transferred into cultured primary rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells by the cationic liposome-Dosper and could markedly inhibit VSMC proliferation. CONCLUSION: Transfection of canstatin RNA could inhibit the growth of VSMC in vitro.

Objective To explore the efficacy of constructing the neourethra using a bladder anterior wall for the treatment of female total urethral stricture or atresia.Methods We retrospectively reviewed 11 female patients with total urethral stricture or oblitalition,who were underwent a procedure of reconstructive neourethra using a bladder anterior wall,from January 2009 to November 2015.Of the 11 patients,urethral stricture was associated with vesicovaginal fistula and a severe hydrocolpos in the proximal vagina because of vaginal anterior strictures or atresia in four girls.The mean age was 16 years (ranging 5-48 years) in all patients.The etiology was posttraumatic urethral injuries after pelvic fracture in 9 patients,radical urethral resection because of urethral cancer in 1 patient and congenital bladder exstrophy with an absent urethra in 1 patient.All patients underwent a procedure of neourethral construction under general anesthesia.The bladder anterior wall,which was about 2.0 to 2.5 cm in width and 4.0 ～4.5cm in length,was separated from bladder neck to middle partion of the anterior bladder wall.The bladder flap was tubularized around a 12-14 French catheter using continuous 4-0 polyglycolic acid sutures for the mucosa and interrupted sutures of 3-0 polyglycolic acid for the muscle.The tubularized flap was then flipped caudally to the site of the original external urethral meatus to form a new urethra.4 patients with severe stenosis or oblitalition of the distal vagina underwent a procedure of vaginoplasty at same time,including island vulvar flaps enlarging vaginoplasty in two girls and reconstructive vaginal orifice using the proximal enlargedvagina wall in other two girls.Results There were no serious complications postoperatively.The catheter was removed 3 ～4 weeks after the operation.7 patients were completely continent with excellent voiding,3 patients had stress incontinence.One patient experienced dysuria.And the urethroscopy in this case showed that the mucosal prolapse was present at the 12 to 3 o'clock position on the neck of the bladder,which caused urinary obstruction.Endoscopic resection of the prolapsed mucosa was performed.The patient could easily void without incontinence after the operation.The patients were followed up a median of 38 months,(ranging 6-72 months).2 patients experienced dysuria 3 and 4 months after operation,separatively.Examination showed that the mucosal prolapse was present at the position on the neck of the bladder in one patient and urethral meatal stenosis in another patient.The two patients were separatively underwent a procedure of endoscopic resection of the prolapsed mucosa and meatal urethroplasty,using vulvar flap.All of them could easily void without incontinence after the operation.Of the 3 patients with stress urinary incontinence,one underwent a procedure of TVT-O one year later,and after which continence was achieved with good voiding;the other two cases were awaiting for reoperation.Four cases of postoperative vaginal fluid disappeared with unobstructed micturition.Conclusions Female neo-urethral reconstruction using the bladder anterior wall flap was a reliable technique for the management of complete urethral stricture or obliteration.

Objective o evaluate the association between IL-28B ( rs12979860 ) polymorphism andantiviraltherapeutic effectbydetecting the genotype of interleukin-28B( IL-28 B) in patients with hepatitis C ( HCV ) .Methods Of total 1153 HCV patients, 303 diagnosed with CHC had been treated with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin for 24-48 weeks.IL-28B ( rs12979860 ) was genotyped by two-color fluorescent TaqMan assay.Results Among 1153 patients, CC, CT and TT genotype frequencies of IL-28B rs12979860 are 83.26%, 16.22%and 0.52%respectively.The results of HCV genotypingof 580 in 1153 cases, the frequencies of 1b, 2a and their non-1b/2a type are 63.45%, 35.00%and 1.55%respectively;In 303 CHC patients with clear medical history, the proportion of SVR was71.98% in patients with CC genotype and 16.90%in those with either the CT or TT genotypes.Logistic regression model was adopted to analyze the association of rs12979860 with SVR while adjusting for age, gender, viral load and HCV GT factors.Populations carrying combined genotype ( CT +TT) are making it harder to get SVR compared with those with CC genotype (OR, 95%CI:11.10,5.35-23.04;P<0.000 1).The percentages of SVR in HVC patients with 1b and 2a genotypeare 48.02% and 81.19% respectively.there is a statistically significant difference between these subgroups (χ2 =30.639,P<0.000 1).Conclusion IL-28B rs12979860 genotype is closely related to SVR in CHCpatients.Patients with CC genotype have a higher virus sustained response rate than those carrying CT or TT genotype.The SNP , rs12979860, might be applied as a predictor of clinical antiviral efficacy in the furture.