Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of ~(99)Tc~m-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) SPECT scintigraphy combined Iocalizable CT in the localization of ectopic parathyroid glands in hyperparathyroidism.Methods Retrospective data of surgery,pathology and imaging were collected from 28 patients with hyperfunctioning ectopic parathyroid glands.All cases underwent CT studies.Twenty-five patients had ~(99)Tc~m-MIBI planar imaging first:SPECT scintigraphy combined localizable CT was performed for the patients with abnormal radionuclide foci immediately.The fusion images obtained after reconstruction showed the exact location of the ectopic foci.Operative histopathologic results were regarded as "gold standards".Presuming 4 parathyroid glands as normal findings,findings confirmed by operation and pathology were regarded as positive,otherwise negative.The results of CT and radionuclide imaging were compared by X~2-test of four-foId table.Results Twenty-eight ectopic parathyroid glands were found in 28 patients,all pathologically confirmed as adenomss.CT found 22 foci,of which 17 were true positive,5 false positive,11 false negative,and 79 true negative.~(99)Tc~m-MIBI SPECT scintigraphy combined localizable CT found 23 foci,no false positive,2 false negative,and 75 true negative.The results showed that the sensitivities were 61% (17/28),92%(23/25),specificities 94%(79/84),100%(75/75),accuracies 86%(96/112),98% (98/100),positive predictive values 77%(17/22),100%(23/23),and negative predictive values 88% (79190),97%(75/77),respectively,for CT and radionuclide imaging.~(99)Tc~m-MIBI SPECT scintigraphy combined localizable CT was therefore significantly higher than CT in sensitivity(X~2=6.98,P＜0.01),specificity (X~2=4.61,P＜0.05),accuracy (X~2=10.30,P＜0.01),positive predictive value(X~2=5.88,P＜0.05) and negative predictive value (X~2=5.36,P＜0.05).Conclusion ~(99)Tc~m-MIBI SPECT scintigraphy combined localizable CT is superior to CT alone in the localization of ectopic parathyroid glands in hyperparathyroidism,but false negative can be found in some patients.

Objective To investigate the geographical distribution of excessive iodine in drinking water and to demarc aI|e the excessive iodine regions in Hebei Province.Methods In 173 counties of Hebei Province, town was surveyed as an elementary unit.Five villages were sampled according to the direction of east,west, south,north,center in every town.If the water sources were more than 5 in a village,water was sampled according to the direction ofeast,west, south,north, center, respectively;If the water sources were less than 5 in a village, all were sampled:If the village used water of cental supply,only one sample wag collected.Arsenic-cerium catalysis was used to determine the iodine concentration of drinking water.Results Two thousands and forty-nine towns were investigated and 19 352 water samples were determined in Hebei Province.One hundred and seventy- two towns were confirmed to be excessive iodine areas,where the range of water iodine Wag 0.1～2840.4μg/L The water 8amDle with 18 358 had a water iodine median less than 150.0μg/L The areas with water iodine median less than 150.0μg/L,in between 150.0μg/L and less than 300.0μg/L,and equal to or more than 300.0 μg/L accounted for 94.86%,2.92%and 2.22%,respectively.There were 110 towns with water iodine median being between 150.0μg/L and iess than 300.0 μg/L and 62 towns with water iodine median equal to or more than 300 gμ/L.Exeessive iodine towns distributed in 33 counties of 6 cities involving 5 854 960 residents in'Hebei Provmce. MOBt of the water sources with excessive iodine Cangzhou were deep wells and there was a positive correlation between we depth and water iodine concentration (r=0.430,P<0.01), while they were shallow wells in Handan, Xingtai.Hengshui,and no correlation was found between well depth and water iodine concentration(r=-0.060,-0.119.-0.121,P>0.05).Conclusions Six cities have excessive iodine water resotlrees in Hebei Province, mostly in Handan.xingtai,Hengshui and Cangzhou Cities,which all are low-lying land.The water with excessive iodine is hypogene,and the towns with excessive iodine water distributein patchy or spot pattern.

Objective To investigate the iodine nutritional level and thyroid function of pregnant and lactating women in rural areas of Jilin province. Methods The investigation sites were selected from rural areas of three towns (Baoshan, Mingcheng and Yantongshan of Panshi county, Jilin province) in 2009. The pregnant and lactating women were selected as subjects in these three towns. The blood samples were collected and the thyroid function (including serum TT3, TT4, FT3, FT4) were measured with chemiluminescence, and serum thyroglobulin antibodies(TgAb), thyromicrosome antibody(TMAb), and thyroglobulin(Tg) were measured with radioimmunoassay (RIA). The urine samples were collected three times within one month and were measured for iodine concentration by As-Ce catalytic spectrophotometry method. Results In the pregnant women, serum TT3 was higher than that of healthy pregnant women, accounted for 14.3%(8/56), while serum TT4, TT3, FT4 were lower than those of healthy pregnant women, accounted for 3.6%(2/56),5.4% (3/56), and 1.8%(1/56), respectively. In the lactating women,serum TT3 was higher than that of healthy lactating women, accounted for 3.6%(2/56), while serum TT4, FT4 were lower than those of healthy lactating women, accounted for 1.8%(1/56), respectively. Five per cent to 20% of the pregnant and lactating women had higher TgAb and TMAb. Conclusions Existing salt iodine level is appropriate for pregnant women and lactating women, but there was a tendency towards hypothyroid in some women. Routine monitoring of urinary iodine and thyroid function should be carried out among pregnant and lactating women.

Objective To investigate the effect of exogenous kallikrein on apoptosis of the neurons aroundthe cerebralinfarctareain rats. Methods Thirty rats wjth cerebral infarction induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)were assigned randomly into 3 groups(n=10),namely the blank control group,saline group,and pAdCMV-HTK group.In the pAdCMV-HTK group,kallikrein gene was delivered into the cerebral ischemie lesion via a replication-defective adenovims using stereotaetic injection technique, and the expression of exogenous kallikrein was detected immunohistoehemically.TUNEL staining was performed to evaluate the neuronal apoptosis around the infarct area,and RT-PCR used to detect the mRNA expressions ofbcl-2,bax and caspase-3 in the brain tissues. Results At 24 h aftertreatment there were some HTK expressed cells found in group C and peal(at 72 h after treatment.While compare with group B and group C,there existed significant difference(112±6.1,68±4.2,59±3.9,P<0.05).At 72 h after treatment,the NSS of group C was significantly lower than that ofgruop B and A(6.70±0.16,8.13±0.16,7.93±0.20,P<0.05);7 days after the treatment,the difference was more significant(5.14±0.18,7.82±0.14,7.91±0.10,P<0.01).Apoptotic cells were mostly seen around the infarct area.The ratsinpAdCMV-HTK group showed significantly reduced number of cells positive for TUNEL staining as compared to those in the saline and blank control groups at 3 days(10.1±0.9,16.7±1.1,and 20.4±0.8,respectively)and 7 days after the treatment(15.2±1.2,33.6±1.3,and 28.8±1.7,respectively)(P<0.05).The mRNA levels ofbc1-2.bax and caspasc-3 were elevated in all the groups at 24 h,peaked at 72 h,and decreased gradually till 7 days alter the treatment.Compared with those in the other two groups，bcl-2 mRNA level in the pAdCMV-HTK group increased slightly P>0.05) while bax and caspase-3 mRNA levels decreased markedly(P<0.05) 72 h and 7 days after the treatment.Conclusion Kallikrein can inhibit neuronal apoptosis around the cerebral infarct and improve the neurological fimction of rats following cerebral infarction probably by reducing the expressions of such apoptotic factors as bax and caspase-3.

Objective To investigate the effects ofkallikrein gene transfer on microvascularproliferation around the cerebral infarct and on the recovery of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF)following ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Methods The rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusioninjury induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were randomly assigned into blank controlgroup, saline group, and pAdCMV-HTK treatment group and received corresponding injections into thetissues around the infarct area. Each group was divided into 3 subgroups (n=10) for observation at 12, 24and 72 h after the treatment. The neurological deficits of the rats before and after the treatment wereevaluated using neurological severity scores (NSS), and the expressions of exogenous human tissuekallikrein (HTK) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the brain tissues were detectedimmunohistochemically. TIC staining was performed to measure the changes in the infarct size.14C-iodoantipyrine tracing technique was used to define the rCBF in the rats. Results Compared tothe blank control group, the cerebral infarct size was significantly reduced in pAdCMV-HTK group 24 hafter the treatment, and was further reduced at 72 h (P<0.05). At 24 h after the treatment, the NSS inpAdCMV-HTK group was significantly lower than that in the blank euntrol and saline groups (P<0.05),and was further reduced at 72 h (P<0.01). After MCAO, the VEGF-positive cells were found mostly inthe cortex and the white matter around the infarct area. The expression of VEGF in pAdCMV-HTK groupwas markedly higher than that in the other two groups at 12, 24, and 72 h after the treatment (P<0.05). Inall the 3 groups, the rCBF around the infarct was slightly decreased as compared to that in thecontralateral hemisphere, pAdCMV-HTK slightly increased the rCBF 12 h after the injection (P>0.05),and significant increase in the rCBF occurred 24 h and 72 h after the injection (P<0.05). ConclusionKallikrein gene transfer following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury promotes vascular proliferationaround the infarct and increases the rCBF to reduce the infarct volume and attenuate neurological deficitsin rats.

Objective To evaluate the effect of combination of autologous fascia and fat injection into vocal fold for the treatment of patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis and to observe the long-term effectiveness of this procedure. Methods A total of 26 unilateral vocal fold paralysis patients underwent vocal fold injection under general anesthesia, meanwhile, the mucosa of the injected point was sutured through laryngoscope under direct vision. There were 6 patients underwent autologous fat injection into vocal fold ( group A), and 20 patients underwent autologous anterior rectus sheath fascia and fat injection ( group B). Therapeutic efficacy were evaluated by videostroboscopy, voice-related parameters analysis and voice evaluation before and after treatment. Clinical analysis of this procedure was retrospectively performed in this serial of patients. Results All patients were followed up for 24 months. On the third day after operation,there was an acute inflammatory reaction induced by the graft. This reaction disappeared three months later.In all 20 eases, videolaryngostroboscopy showed significant improvement of the glottic closure, the improvement in acoustical parameters was statistically significant ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). Perceptual evaluation of GRBAS scale showed significant improvement of phonatory function on G, B, A scale. The results remained stable 6 -24 months after operation and were not changed by the length of follow-up. And in the 6 cases,videolaryngostroboscopy showed significant improvement of the glottic closure at 3 months compared with preoperative observation, a little spindle-shaped disclosure. The improvement in acoustical parameters was significant statistically at 3, 6 and 24 months (P ＜ 0. 05 or ＜ 0. 01 ), the voice quality decreased significantly at 6 and 24 months compared with 3 months (P ＜0. 05 or ＜0. 0l ). The significant differences were not observed between 6 and 24 months (P ＞ 0. 05 ). No complications were observed in all patients perioperatively or during the follow-up period. Voice-related parameters jitter, normalized noise energy and maximum phonation time showed significant differences between Group A and Group B on 24 months ( P ＜0. 05 or ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion The combination of autologous fascia and fat vocal fold injection is an effective procedure for the treatment of unilateral vocal fold paralysis, and the stable results can be achieved during the follow-up period for 24 months.

Objective To observe the intake of minocycline and its amount in mature rat mandibular oateoblasts(MRMOB)in vitro,and to identify the feasibility of intracellular anti-bacterial activity of minocycline.Methods Four groups of MRMOB were incubated in 100 mg/L minocycline for 15,30,45 and 60 minutes respectively,and the accumulation of minocycline within MRMOB was measured using a fluorescence spectrophotometer.Results The intracellular accumulation amount of minocycline in the four groups of MRMOB was(17.29±1.49),(16.87±1.57),(16.96±1.67)and(17.94±1.63)mg/g respectively after osteoblasts were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium(DMEM)which contained minocycline for 15,30,45 and 60 min.There was no significant difference in amount of minocycline among the four groups of MRMOB.Conclusions The mature rat mandibular ostoeblasts can ingest minocycline.and the accumulation amount of minocycline in MRMOB is irrelevant with the exposure time of MRMOB to minocycline.

Objective To identify the impact of age and gender on cardiac structure and left ventricular function in normal Chinese by echocardiography. Methods Cardiac structure, valve flow velocity and cardiac function were measured by echocardiography in 15 692 healthy volunteers. Subjects were grouped by age at 5 years interval in population older than 5 years. Children under 5 years were divided into 3 age groups(<1 years,1-3 years,4-5 years). Hierarchical cluster analyses were performed for ages, based on indexes of cardiac structure and function respectively. Results Six groups (< 1 years, 1-3 years,4-5 years, 6-10 years, 11-20 years, ≥21 years) were generated after the age hierarchical cluster analyses based on index of cardiac structure. Four groups (≤30 years, 31-50 years, 51-80 years,≥81 years) were generated based on spectral current flow. Six groups (< 1 years,1-3 years,4-5 years, 6-10 years, 11-15 years, ≥16 years) were generated baaed on left ventricular systolic function and five groups (≤15 years, 16-30 years, 31-50 years, 51-80 years, ≥81 years) were generated based on left ventricular diastolic function. Cardiac structure index were similar between male and female in age groups ≤ 10 years and significantly lower in females than males in age groups ≥ 11 years (P < 0.05). Valve flow velocity was similar between male and female in various age groups (P >0.05). Left ventricular systolic function was similar between male and female in age groups ≤10 years but was significantly higher in males than females in age groups ≥11 years(all P <0.05). Left ventricular diastolic function was similar between female and male in various age groups (P > 0.05) and equally decreased with aging in both female and male subjects. Conclusions The cardiac development in Chinese population can be divided in 6 phases and becomes stable in subjects older than 21 years, left ventricular systolic function becomes stable in subjects older than 16 years and the left ventricular diastolic function declines physiologically with aging.

AIM To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous content determination of seven constituents in Gnaphalium affine D.Don.METHODS The analysis of 80％ methanol of G.affine was performed on a 30 ℃ Atlantis (C) T3 column (4.6 mm× 250 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-formic acid flowing at 1.0 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 288 nm.RESULTS Seven constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges (R2 ≥0.999 8),whose average recoveries were 98.58％-103.8％ with the RSDs of 0.88％-1.74％.CONCLUSION This accurate,stable and reproducible method can be used for the quality control of G.affine.

Objective To investigate the expression changes of myeloid-related protein-8 (MRP-8) and myeloid-related protein-14 (MRP-14) in children with Kawasaki disease (KD) and to obtain laboratory diagnostic serum markers and new targets for its drug therapy.Methods A total of 46 patients with KD(KD group) were enrolled from Jul.2009 to Dec.2010 and divided into the coronary artery dilatation(CAD) group(n =15) and the normal coronary artery group(n =31) ;Meanwhile,25 febrile patients with acute respiratory tract infection but without disease in the circulatory,blood,immune systems formed the non-KD febrile group.Twenty healthy children from the out-patient department formed the healthy control group.Peripheral venous blood was collected in the acute and subacute stage of KD.Levels of MRP-8/MRP-14 were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay (ELISA).Gene expressions of MRP-8,MRP-14 in leukocytes were analyzed by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RTPCR).Results The serum levels of MRP-8/MRP-14 along with mRNA expressions of MRP-8 and MRP-14 in the leukocytes in the out-patient acute and subacute stage of KD were significantly higher than those in the non-KD febrile group and the healthy control group(all P ＜ 0.05) ;There was no significant difference between non-KD febrile group and healthy control group (P ＞ 0.05).The serum levels of MRP-8/MRP-14 along with mRNA expressions of MRP-8 and MRP-14 in leukocyte in actue stage of KD were significantly higher than those in subacute stage(all P ＜ 0.001).The serum levels of MRP-8/MRP-14 as well as mRNA expressions of MRP-8 and MRP-14 in the acute and the subacute stage of CAD group were significantly higher than those in the normal coronary artery group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions MRP-8/MRP-14 may probably play a role in the pathogenesis of KD and can be used as a diagnostic indicator for KD;MRP-8/MRP-14 may be involved in the formation of coronary artery lesion and can be used as an effective predictor for the coronary artery lesion.