Animals ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; therapy ; Cell Proliferation ; Female ; Hedgehog Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; metabolism ; Receptors, CXCR4 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Notch ; metabolism ; STAT Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Wnt Proteins ; metabolism

Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Adult ; Aged ; Chronic Disease ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Needles ; Stomach Volvulus ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective: To study the reversing effect of toremifene (TOR) on multidrug resistance (MDR) in drug-resistant (MCF7/ADR) cell lines and its relationship with expression of estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor (ER/PR) in vitro. Methods: SRB method was used to determine the reversal time of toremifene on MDR in MCF7/ADR cells. Flow cytometry was applied to analyze the change in rhodamine 123 fluorescence in MCF7/ADR cells after addition of toremifene. The effect of toremifene on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression in MCFT/ADR cells was examined by western blot. Immunohistochemistry was applied to analyze the effect of toremifene on expression of ER/PR. Results: TOR (5, 10, and 20 mol/L) increased the in vitro cytotoxicity of doxorubicin in drug-resistant breast cancer cells (reversing times: 1.5-fold, 7.0-fold and 35.4-fold, respectively) but had no significant effect on drug-sensitive MCF7/S cells. Toremifene significantly enhanced intracellular accumulation of rhodamine 123 in drug-resistant MCF7/ADR cells. The intracellular fluorescence was close to sensitive MCF7/S cells. P-gp had negative expression in MCF7/S cells and was positively expressed in MCF7/ADR cells. TOR (5, 10, and 20 mol/L) had no significantly inhibitory effect on the expression of P-gp in MCF7/ADR cells. The expression of ER was positive and the expression of PR was weak in MCF7/S cells. Both ER and PR were negatively expressed in McF7/ ADR cells. Conclusion: TOR significantly reverses the MDR in MCF7/ADR cells, which is independent of the expression of ER/PR. The possible mechanism may be due to suppression of P-gp expression in MCF7/ADR cells.

AIM: To investigate the potential causes and management of the clusters of diffuse lamellar keratitis (DLK) after laser corneal refractive surgery.METHODS: The study enrolled 98 eyes (53 patients) complicated with DLK after receiving laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), FS-LASIK or small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in our center from February 10th,2016 to February 22th,2016.They were given clinical classification treatments according to corneal layer inflammatory extent and then followed up after 1, 3, 5, 7, 10d and 1mo.RESULTS: The clusters of DLK occurred 5 times in the study period.The incidence and degree of DLK significantly decreased after changed the sterilization, surgical equipments, temperature and humidity of the operating room.There were 80 eyes (82%) had stage 1 DLK, 11 eyes (11%) had stage 2, 4 eyes (4%) had stage 3 and 3 eyes (3%) had stage 4.The incidence of DLK after FS-LASIK was 40% (79 eyes in 42 patients), that after LASIK assistant by Hastome keratome was 45% (10 eyes in 5 patients), that after SMILE was 20% (9 eyes in 6 patients).After intensive treatment, as glucocorticoid treatment and flap lifting flushing, all cases recovered within 1mo.CONCLUSION: The outbreak of DLK may be associated with the disposable item, flushing liquor, temperature and humidity of the operating room.Early diagnosis, prevention and treatment are the key of decreasing the incidence of DLK.

AIM:Sodium butyrate has antitumor effects on colon cancer cells such as inhibiting cell growth and promoting differentiation and apoptosis.The aim of this study is to investigate whether sodium butyrate induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cell line HT-29 and to examine the intracellular mechanisms involved,especially the role of caspase activation in the process.METHODS:HT-29 cells were cultured to logarithmic phase before treatment with sodium butyrate at concentration of 5.0 mmol/L and caspase inhibitors at the concentration of 20 ?mol/L.The latter were added in the medium ahead of sodium butyrate for 1 h.Then,the staining of Annexin V-FITC and PI were used to analyze HT-29 apoptosis and the dye JC-1 was applied to detect mitochondrial membrane potential by flow cytometry.Caspase activity within the cells was measured respectively using a specific caspase activity assay kit and a microplate reader.RESULTS:Preincubation of HT-29 cells with sodium butyrate significantly increased apoptosis [(35.40?0.70)%] and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential(5.53?0.91).This effect was blocked when pretreatments were enforced with z-VAD-fmk,z-DEVD-fmk and z-LEHD-fmk.The apoptosis percentages were(1.33?0.59)%,(1.40?0.53)% and(1.27?0.91)%,respectively and mitochondrial membrane potentials were 9.80?1.15,10.23?0.50 and 10.33?1.02,respectively.However,the role of reduction by z-IETD-fmk,which presented the apoptosis percentage of(32.10?2.33)% and mitochondrial membrane potential of 5.93?1.31,was not observed.An enhancement of caspase-3 and-9 activities(2-3-fold)but no change of caspase-8 activity was confirmed.CONCLUSION:Apoptosis of HT-29 colon carcinoma cells induced by sodium butyrate is tightly linked to caspase activation via mitochondrial pathway other than tumor necrosis factor-alpha and has the potential to inhibit proliferation and thereby may contribute to the progression of colon cancer.

Humans ; Liver Diseases ; diagnosis ; pathology

Amyloid beta-Peptides ; toxicity ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Estradiol ; pharmacology ; PC12 Cells ; Peptide Fragments ; toxicity ; Rats

Objective To study the adiponectin mRNA expression in omental adipose tissue of type 2 diabetes. Methods RT-PCR method was used to examine the adiponectin mRNA expression. Fasting levels of BG,TG,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C of all the subjects were checked and their blood pressure,height,weight,waist circumference,hip circumference were measured to calculate BMI,WHR. Results The adiponectin mRNA expression in omental adipose tissue was decreased in diabetes group versus non-diabetes group (P<0.05),and negatively correlated with WC,TG,FBG,WHR(P<0.05). Conclusions Type 2 diabetic patients show lower expression of adiponectin mRNA in omental adipose tissue than that of non-diabetic control.WC,TG,FBG, WHR and course of disease are correlated with adiponectin mRNA expression and insulin resistance

Schwann cells (SCs) have potently neuroprotective and myelinization abilities. They are one of the earliest and the most frequently used cells that are applied to therapeutic studies in spinal cord injury. At present, SCs are usually used as a platform for therapeutic alliance to integrate various interventions. This review will mainly discuss the issues met in therapeutic alliances with SCs for spinal cord injuries, results of various therapeutic alliances with SCs, positive effects of co-transplantation with SCs on neural stem cells, survival, migration of SCs after transplantation and roles of endogenetic SCs in repairing spinal cord injury.

Objective:To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 73 children with non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma to determine its clinical features, pathological types and relationship with efficacy.Methods:In Shanghai Children′s Hospital from October 2014 to October 2018, 73 children with newly diagnosed non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma were enrolled for a retrospective study, with 52 males and 21 females, aged between 2 and 13 years old, so as to comprehensively assess cumulative organs, pathological diagnosis, stage of disease, surgery and efficacy.Results:Among the 73 children with non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma, 66 cases had a clear pathological diagnosis, including 38 cases of surgical pathology and 20 cases of biopsy pathology.All of them were confirmed by immunohistochemisty, and 8 cases were determined by flow cytometry.Meanwhile, 6 cases of the rest 7 cases obtained approximate pathological classification.Only 1 case was unknown.Among the 66 cases, Burkitt lymphoma was the most common in 31 cases, followed by 14 cases of T-lymphocyte type, 7 cases of enlarged lymphoma, 6 cases of B-lymphocyte type, 5 cases of diffuse large B lymphoma, 1 case of extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma-nasal type, 1 case of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm, and 1 case of panniculitis-like T lymphoma.The initial site or cumulative organ involved multiple organs, with most common in neck(20 cases), abdominal cavity(15 cases), and mediastinum(6 cases). In view of outcomes and efficacy, the complete remission rates of stage Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ in clinical were 100.0%, 85.1%, and 72.2%, respectively.The event-free survival rates in stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ were lower than those in stage Ⅱ(80.9% vs. 66.7% vs. 100.0%). From the perspective of the main pathological types grouping, the results revealed that lymphoblastic lymphoma had a lower event-free survival rate than Burkitt′s lymphoma (73.7% vs.90.3%), while there was no statistical significance(all P>0.05). Conclusions:Non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma in children is more common in men, and less common in infants and young children.Pathological type is simpler than adults, Burkitt lymphoma is the most common type, and clinical stage and pathological type may be related to prognosis.