Objective To evaluate the effect of hyperlipidemia on pulmonary uptake in the patients inhaling sevoflurane for anesthesia.Methods A total of 103 patients of both sexes,aged 20-50 yr,with body mass index of 18-25 kg/m2,of American.Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,undergoing elective operation under general anesthesia,were enrolled in the study.Anesthesia was induced with iv midazolam 0.1 mg/kg,vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg,fentanyl 0.l mg/kg and etomidate 0.3 mg/kg.Patients were mechanically ventilated after endotracheal intubation.Patients inhaled 2％ sevoflurane for 30 min at an oxygen flow rate of 2 L/min.The inspired concentrations (Fi) and expired concentrations (Fe,Fe≈alveolar concentration [Fa]) of sevoflurane were recorded at 1,3,5,7,10,15,20 and 30 min of inhalation (T0-7).Patients were divided into either control group group C) or hyperlipidemia group (group H) according to the results of blood lipid levels after the end of observation.The ratio of Fa/Fi and time spent in reaching the titration value (Fa/Fi =0.8) were calculated in each group.Results There were 67 cases in group C and 36 cases in group H.Compared with group C,the Fa/Fi ratio was significantly decreased at 5,7 and 10 min of inhalation,and the time spent in reaching the titration value was prolonged in group H (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The pulmonary uptake of sevoflurane is increased,which may be associated with increased blood/gas partition coefficient.

Allergic rhinitis (AR), with an increasing uptrend of the prevalence in many developed and developing countries, is a global health problem that affects people of all ages and ethnic groups. However, data on the prevalence of self-reported AR in western China are rare. This study investigated the epidemiological features of self-reported AR in western China. In the cross-sectional, population-based study, a validated questionnaire survey on self-reported AR was carried out in 4 major cities in western China by multistage, stratified and cluster sampling, from January to December 2008. The total prevalence rate was 34.3%, with 32.3% (Chongqing), 34.3% (Chengdu), 37.9% (Urumqi), 30.3% (Nanning), respectively. The prevalence presented to increase with age before 30 years old while decrease with age after 30 years old, and the highest prevalence was in 19-30 years group in Chongqing, Chengdu and Nanning which significantly showed "persistent and moderate-severe" type (P<0.0001); In Urumqi, there wasn't a significant increasing or decreasing trend of prevalence rate with age but with an "intermittent and mild"predominance (P<0.0001). There were no distinct sexual differences in prevalence rates in the 4 cities. The morbidity was positively related to monthly average temperature and sunshine (r=0.76645, P=0.0036; r=0.67303, P=0.0165), but negatively associated with relative humidity (r=-0.64391, P=0.0238) in Urumqi. Interestingly, the monthly morbidity was negatively associate with average temperature, sunshine and precipitation in Nanning (r=-0.81997, P=0.0011; r=-0.60787, P=0.0360; r=-0.59443, P=0.0415). Self-reported AR is becoming common in western China with a rapid development in recent years, affecting about three persons out of ten. The climatic factors may have an indirect impact on the prevalence rate through the effects on the local allergens.

Purpose Investigating the significance of ZO-1 different domains in the invasion and metastasis of gastric carcinoma (GC).Methods A tissue microarray that simulates the invasion and metastasis process of GC was created,and immunohistochemistry was performed to detect the expression of ZO-1 (α-pan),ZO-1 (α +) and ZO-1 (ZU5).Results The GC cell exhibited aberrant expression of ZO-1 (α-pan),ZO-1 (α +) and ZO-1 (ZU5) from membrane translocated to cytoplasm or no expression.The aberrant degree was increased with the invasion,however,was decreased in metastatic lymph node.The aberrant expression was associated with histological types.Conclusion The aberrant expression of ZO-1 (α-pan),ZO-1 (α +) and ZO-1 (ZU5),from membrane translocated to cytoplasm or no expression suggest that domains of PDZ3,GUK,SH3,ZU5 and alpha motif in ZO-1 might be involved in the invasion and metastasis of GC and maintaining of GC phenotype.The aberrant expression of these domains may be the one mechanism of ZO-1 involved in EMT or MET.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the protective effects of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-containing Jiawei Wuzi Yanzong formula (CSF-C) on beta-amyloid protein-induced injury of hippocampal neurons.

METHODSPrimary hippocampal neurons were isolated and cultured for 7 days in vitro. CSF-C was prepared by cerebrospinal fluid extracted from SD rats fed continuously with various components of Jiawei Wuzi Yanzong formula (total formula, total flavonoids or total polysaccharides) respectively. The viability, morphological change, apoptotic rate and apoptosis-related proteins (caspase-3, PARP, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, JNK1/2 and p38 MAPK) of neurons were detected in different groups: the untreated normal group, the Abeta(25-35)-treated group, and the CSF-C protected groups (co-acted by CSF-C and 20 micromol/L of Abeta(25-35)), respectively.

RESULTSCSF-C showed significant neuro-protective effect, and the protection of CSF-C contained total flavonoids or total polysaccharides was significantly greater than that contained total formula (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Moreover, the effects of CSF-C contained various components on apoptosis-related proteins were different.

CONCLUSIONSome flavonoid and polysaccharide components in Jiawei Wuzi Yanzong formula can pass through the blood brain barrier and protect neurons from beta-amyloid protein-induced neuron injury to some extents.

Amyloid beta-Peptides ; toxicity ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Hippocampus ; pathology ; Male ; Neurons ; pathology ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; Occupational Health ; Risk Assessment ; Workplace

Objective To investigate the variance of cost-effectiveness when treat acute myocardial infaretion of different severe extents with different pattern.Methods Acute myocardial infarction patients were selected from emergency eommand center of Guangzhou from October 2003 to December 2005.These patients wew assigned by the center to First-Class Hospitals at Grade 3 and First-class Hospital at Grade 2,and were followed up after 6 months after post-discharge.Cost in hospital and mortality in hospital were registered.The health of all patients were quantificated using SF-36.According to the assigned hospitals,the patients were divided into single infarction group and complex infarction group.Cost in hospital,mortality in hospital,short-term quality of life were compared between the them.Results Compared with and First-Class Hospital at Grade 2 (101 cases),the single infarction patients in First-Class Hospitals at Grade 3 had higber costs in hospital (P=0.016),better society function,affection role,mental health and health status (P

Objective To compare the differences of electrical activity in calf muscle of children with growing pains from normal children when standing and heel raising. Methods 32 children with growing pains and foot pronation were as growing pains group, and 32 normal children as control group. All the children were measure with surface electromyography (sEMG) of tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, medial gastrocnemius and tibialis posterior when standing and heel raising. Results The root mean square (RMS) of peroneus longus increased significantly in growing pains group when standing (P<0.01). The RMS decreased significantly in medial gastrocnemius (P<0.05) and increased significantly in tibialis posterior (P<0.01) when heel raising. Conclusion The characteristics of electrical activity in calf muscle is difference from the normal in the growing pains children with foot pronation during standing and heel raising.

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the structure-activity relationship of anti-tumor activity of diosgenin derivatives in vitro. Study has found that diosgenin can inhibit the reproduction of tumor cells by inducing apoptosis and the main target spot of this effect is Bcl-2. Based on the characteristics of pharmacophoric points' of the three-dimensional pharmacophore for Bcl-2 inhibitors, we have docked lots of diosgenin derivatives with Bcl-2, then synthesized 31 compounds of them, finally assessed the anti-tumor activity of the diosgenin derivatives in vitro against A375, A549, HepG-2 and K562. Preliminary studies of SAR have indicated that the aliphatic esters, and aromatic esters of diosgenin without F ring have no anti-tumor activity in vitro. The triazole bromides of diosgenin all achieve fairly good anti-tumor activity in vitro, and those with larger hydrophobic group have the better activity. The stronger is the hydrogen bonding interaction and dipole-dipole interaction of the heterocyclic of diosgenin and diosgenin without F ring and the acid ester of diosgenin without F ring, the better is the activity of derivatives.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Diosgenin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Structure-Activity Relationship

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (11,12-EET) on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and explore the protective role of NOS in myocardium.

METHODSRat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion model was produced by ischemia for 60 minutes and reperfusion for 30 minutes. Rats were divided into 5 groups: 11,12-EET ischemia/reperfusion groups (including EET1, EET2, and EET3 groups), EET control group, ischemia/reperfusion group, sham operation group, and control group. Changes of the maximal rates of rise and decrease of left ventricular pressure (+/-dp/dtmax) were observed. Activities of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and constrictive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) in myocardium were measured with chemocolorimetry.

RESULTSDuring both ischemia period (60 min) and reperfusion period (30 min), +/-dp/dtmax was significantly lower in ischemia/reperfusion group than in sham operation group (P < 0.01), and was significantly higher in EET1, EET2 and EET3 groups than in ischemia/reperfusion group (P < 0.01). cNOS level was significantly lower in ischemia/reperfusion group than in sham operation group, was significantly higher in EET1, EET2 and EET3 groups than in sham operation group (P < 0.01), and was significantly higher in EET2 group than in EET group (P < 0.01). iNOS level was significantly higher in sham operation group than in EET control group (P < 0.05), was significantly higher in ischemia/ reperfusion group than in sham operation group (P < 0.01), and was significantly lower in EET1, EET2 and EET3 groups than in ischemia/reperfusion group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONExogenous 11,12-EET can improve ischemia/reperfusion injury, which may be related with the changes of NOS isozymes.

8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Male ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; enzymology ; Myocardium ; enzymology ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

OBJECTIVETo explore effects of chewing-side preference (CSP) on cerebral cortical response during clenching task with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

METHODSSeven patients with left CSP and 7 patients with right CSP were selected to perform the maximum voluntary clenching in intercuspal position, and block designed blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI scan covering the whole brain was carried out.

RESULTSThere was activation in the parahippocampal gyrus in the four patients among seven with left CSP. But there was no activation in the parahippocampal gyrus among the patients with right CSP.

CONCLUSIONSThis research shows that the parahippocampal gyrus, which is associated with human memory and study, is activated during clenching task in the patients with left CSP.

Adult ; Bite Force ; Female ; Functional Laterality ; physiology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Mastication ; physiology ; Memory ; physiology ; Parahippocampal Gyrus ; physiology ; Young Adult