"Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis"is a course of trivial and complicated contents,lacking systematization and consisten- cy.Therefore,the students are not interested in acquiring knowledge eagerly.How to improve the quality and efficiency of teach- ing is concluded as clear focus,constant renewed content and attractive class.

Objective To study the epidemiologic features of functional bowel disorders (FBD)among medical students and science and engineering students in Zhejiang province,China,and to explore the relationship between psychological factors and FBD.Methods This study was a survey of random sampling based on the Rome Ⅲ Diagnostic Questionnaire ( Rome Ⅲ -DQ) conducted from November 2010 to March 2011.The survey was carried out among medical students and science and engineering students respectively in two universities in Zhejiang province.Symptom Check List 90 ( SCL-90 ) was used for psychological analysis.Results Among 1870 participants,1033 were diagnosed as FBD based on Rome Ⅲ criteria,with an overall incidence of 55.24％.The majority cases were unspecified functional bowel disorder,with an incidence of 26.58％ (497/1870),others were functional constipation 16.95％(317/1870),irritable bowel syndrome 6.90％ ( 129/1870),functional bloating 4.12％ (77/1870) and functional diarrhea 0.70％ (13/1870).The prevalence varied in different genders,majors and grades.In the multivariate analysis,women had a higher risk of any FBD than men [ 68.33％ (617/903) vs 43.02％(416/967) ] except for functional diarrhea; and medical students had a higher risk of any FBD than science and engineering students [ 68.53％ ( 734/1071 ) vs 37.42％ ( 299/799 ) ].Generally higher grade undergraduates had relatively higher risks than lower grade students,especially in medical students.Among the participants with FBD,44.05％ (455/1033) had other functional gastrointestinal disorders.In those overlapped parts,9.00％ ( 93/1033 ) had belching disorders,and 8.23％ ( 85/1033 ) had functional dyspepsia.Students with FBD got higher scores in SCL-90 than healthy students.Conclusions This study revealed a high rate of FBD among college students in Zhejiang province.The prevalence varied in different majors,and female higher than male.Psychological factors also had close relationships with FBD.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of functional dyspepsia (FD) and its relationship with psychological factors in college students of Zhejiang Province. Methods The students of two colleges in Zhejiang Province were selected.The multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method was conducted.The Rome Ⅲ adult FD diagnosis questionnaire (ROME Ⅲ-DQ) and psychological symptoms self rating scale questionnaire (SCL-90) was applied in the investigation.The data were analyzed by x2 test and t test.Results A total of 1870 college students of Zhejiang Province were surveyed.The prevalence of FD was 5.78％.The prevalence in female was higher than that in male (7.53 ％ vs 4.14 ％,x2 =9.884,P＜0.05).The prevalence in senior students was highest in all grade (x2 =13.83,P＜0.05).In FD subtypes,postprandial distress syndrome was more than epigastric pain syndrome.The functional constipation and functional defecation disorders were most common in the overlap with other functional gastrointestinal disorders. In SCL-90 questionnaire survey,the scores of each factor of FD group were higher than those of the healthy control group.Conclusions The prevalence of FD was high in the college students of Zhejiang Province. The incidence was correlated with psychological factors.

Objective The aim of the study is to explore the efficacy of Carbamazepine with manual massage on grand mal epilepsy.Methods Using a prospective research method,the grand mal epilepsy patients were randomly divided into the experimental group(40 cases)and the control group(40 cases).The experimental group was given manual massage based on oral Carbamazepine treatment.The control group was given oral Carbamazepine treatment.The treatment effect was compared between two groups.Results The curative efficacy of the experimental group was 92.5％,higher than 80.0％ of the control group.Conclusions Carbamazepine with manual massage for treatment of grand mal epilepsy can obviously improve curative efficacy,which is worthy of popularization and application.

Purpose The regeneration effects of nerve growth factor(NGF)on superior cervical ganglia innewborn mice destroyed by vincristine(VCR)and peroneal nerve of adult rats destroyed by grip were studiedby morphological methods. Methods Superior cervical ganglia. The Qunming newborn mice at 2 dayswere divided into 3 groups: experiment, control and blank. The experiment animals were injected with VCR,10 μl/g of body weight at a concentration of 0.02 mmol/L. Simultaneously, the NGF was injected 2,5,10μg/g of body weight, respectively. But the control animals were only injected with VCR at the same dose.The blank control animals weren' t treated anything. All of these chemicals were injected once a day for 4days. 24h after the last injection, the superior cervical ganglia were dissected out and analyzed their size andmorphology. Peripheral nerve. The peroneal nerve of SD adult rats were destroyed by grip, and divided into2 groups: experiment and control. The experiment rats were injected with NGF 2,4 and 8 μg/kg of bodyweight respectively, near the gripped nerve,once a day for 12 days after 24 h of the injury. 24 h after the lastinjection, the perone al nerve and extensor longus digitorum were dissected out and analyzed their morphologyand counted the number of nerve fiber at proximal and distal injury. Results VCR injection in newbommice produced severe atrophy of superior cervical ganglia. And the neuronal cells apoptosed and decomposed.Simultaneous injections of NGF prevented the noxious effects of VCR, and resulted in an increase intransverse diameter from 61 to 95 percent and the total number of neuronal cells from 59 to 70 percent. Thisimproved degree was related to the dose of NGF. Furthermore, NGF obviously improved the structure of peroneal nerve and extensor longus digitorum. And this effect was the best in the high dosage. ConclusionsNerve growth factor has an obvious regeneration effects in superior cervical ganglia of newborn mice destroyed by VCR and peroneal nerve of rat destroyed by grip.

Objective To investigate the relationship between Kashin-Beck Disease(KBD) and Human Parvovirus B19(HPVB19).Methods HPVB19DNA was detected in 55 sera of KBD patients and 52 healthy in adjacent non-endemic area and 35 healthy sera in normal area using PCR and then linked the HPVB19DNA to pGEM-T vector.The nucleotide sequence was analyzed and compared with HPVB19 nucleotide sequence published by Genebank and another in Journal of virology.Results HPVB19DNA was found in 16 of 55 sera in KBD patients,and the HPVB19DNA position rate(29.09%) is significantly higher than that of the two healthy control groups(11.54%、11.42% respectively)(P＜0.05).The nucleotide sequence homologies compared with the two published nucleotide sequence were 97.75%、97%,respectively.The putative amino acid homologies compared with the tow published were 93.5%.The amino acid variation was greater than the nucleotide sequence variation because of a base insertion.Conclusion There was a close relationship between HPVB19 infection and Kashin-Beck Disease.

Thrombin is a pivotal molecule in acute myocardial infarction (MI) because of its extensive procoagulant and prothrombotic actions. Antithrombin therapy is an important component of the pharmacotherapy for acute MI. The standard agent used in clinical practice, unfractionated heparin (UFH), is associated with the disadvantages of variable anticoagulant effect, inability to inhibit clot-bound thrombin, neutralization by platelet factor 4, and the propensity to cause thrombocytopenic complications. Novel thrombin inhibitors have been developed to overcome these disadvantages. Although possessing the property of inhibiting both fluid-phase and clot-bound thrombin, the direct thrombin inhibitor hirudin has been shown to give marginal benefits over UFH as adjunct to fibrinolysis in ST-elevation MI. Bivalirudin, another direct thrombin inhibitor, is able to reduce reinfarction in patients treated with streptokinase and is a new anticoagulant treatment option in this setting. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of better availability, longer half-life, and dose-independent clearance together with the ability of inhibiting both thrombin generation and activity make the low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) an attractive alternative to UFH. The favorable benefit/risk profile of the LMWHs as adjunct to different generations of fibrinolytic agents is setting the stage for larger clinical trials to confirm their role as the antithrombin agent of choice for STEMI.
Anticoagulants ; therapeutic use ; Electrocardiography ; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Thrombin ; antagonists & inhibitors

Objective To explore the effect of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and its receptor on visceral sensitivity and colon motility of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) rats. Methods sixty SD rats were divided randomly and equally into control group (without treatment),model group (sensitized in turn with camphor odor as conditional stimulation and physical restraint in combination with rectal distention pressure as non-conditional stimulation),treatment control group (injected physiological saline into lateral ventricles before treatment),treatment group 1 (injected CRF-R1antagonist into lateral ventricles before treatment),treatment group 2 (injected CRF-R2 agonist into lateral ventricles before treatment). Then the rats' visceral sensitivity were assessed by AWR,and colonic electricity activities such as volatility,maximum amplitude of fast wave and slow wave,interdigestive number of contraction wave and index of contraction were recorded. The data was analyzed with SPSS 16. 0 software. Results By the amount of ractal water injection to reach AWR=3 as the evaluation index,model group [(0. 90±0. 11) ml] showed higher visceral sensitivity than that of control group [(1. 23±0. 07) ml,F=82. 586,P＜0. 01],and colonic electricity activity increased (P＜0. 05),model was successfully set up. There was no significant difference of the amount of ractal water injection between model group [(0. 90±0. 11) ml] and treatment control group [(0. 81±0. 11) ml,F=3. 734,P＞0. 05]. Compared with treatment control group,the visceral sensitivity decreased in treatment group 1 [(1. 28±0. 07) ml,F=161. 878,P＜0. 01] and treatment group 2 [(1. 22±0.05) ml,F=121. 564,P＜0. 01]. There was no significant difference between treatment control group and model group in electricity activities such as volatility,maximum amplitude of fast wave and slow wave,interdigestive number of contraction wave and index of contraction (all P＞0. 05). While the electricity activities was weakened in treatment group 1 and 2 compared with the treatment control group (all P＜0. 05). Conclusions CRF plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IBS. Inhibition of CRF-R1 or activation of CRF-R2 may lower visceral hypersensitivity and decrease colon motility of rats.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Chondrosarcoma ; surgery ; Endoscopy ; Enterococcus ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Male ; Meningitis ; diagnosis ; microbiology ; Middle Aged ; Skull Base ; pathology ; surgery

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expressions of VEGF,ENS, MVD and arteriosclerosis (AS) plaque in atherosclerosis obliterans (ASO) patients. Methods Immunohistochemical staining was used to determine the expression of VEGF, ENS and MVD value in the atherosclerosis plaque of ASO patients hospitalized from October 2007 to August 2010 in our hospital (n =30),and the femoral arterials of control were collected from 22 amputation after traumatic injury. Results The expressions of VEGF (2. 24 ±0.31 vs. 1.87 ±0.27,t =3.58),ENS (1.84 ±0.41 vs. 1. 56 ±0. 38, t =2.09) and MVD value (8.79 ±2.46 slip/HP vs. 6. 05 ±1.68 slip/HP, t =3.64) were significantly higher in the AS plaque of ASO patient than control (P <0.01 or P < 0. 05). We found positive correlations between the expression of VEGF, VEGF/ENS with MVD (r = 0. 391, P < 0. 01; r =0. 583, P < 0. 05) , while negative correlation between the expression of ENS with MVD (r=-0. 328,P <0. 05). Conclusion VEGF promotes the angiogenesis in atherosclerosis plaque,while ENS shows opposite effect The comprehensive performance of them is promoting angiogenesis.