Dry eye is a most common external eye disease in clinic and it can cause ocular discomfort and visual disturbance. The conventional examinations for dry eye have some shortcomings, for example, high variability and insufficient association with symptoms. Recently, routine ophthalmic technologies play more extending roles in evaluation of dry eye, including corneal topography, wavefront aberrometer, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and confocal microscope. Corneal topography and wavefront aberrometer could be used to evaluate the stability of tear film and visual function. OCT could image tear meniscus directly, and confocal microscope could observe histopathology of ocular surface in vivo. The studies on ophthalmic technologies in dry eye make us deepen the understanding of pathophysiology of dry eye and also provide new diagnostic approaches.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT) of herbal medicines in European Union(EU) und-er The Directive 2004/24/EC and to provide thoughts for the export of traditional Chinese medicines(TCM).METHODS: TheTBT set by European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA) was discussed from aspects of the simplification of restrictions on application, technical standard specifications and authentication system, and documents for registration etc, and some suggestions for the export of TCM were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Firstly, Chinese government should strengthen the communication and cooperation with European governments. Secondly, more advanced TCM quality specification should be set up. Thirdly we need to seek for support through multinational investment. Finally we should set up some information consultancy agents and to get access to information related to TBT.

China ; Hepatitis A ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Immunization ; methods

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Ear Auricle ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Skin Transplantation ; Surgical Flaps ; Young Adult

Acute Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Male ; Organophosphate Poisoning ; Pesticides ; poisoning ; Respiration, Artificial ; Tracheotomy ; methods

Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control ; Respiratory Protective Devices ; classification ; standards ; utilization ; United States

[ Objective ] To observe the effect of relaxing operation with small needle knife and acupoint injection of Compound Osteotide Injection (COI) for suprascapular nerve compression syndrome (SNCS) . [Methods] Two hundred and twenty cases of SNCS were randomized to three groups: group A ( re = 120) was treated with small needle knife for relaxation and acupoint injection of COI, group B ( n = 50) with small needle knife for relaxation and group C ( re = 50) with acupoint injection of COI. The short-term and long-term effects were compared in the three groups. [Results] Total effective rate was 98.3% in group A, 88.0% in group B and 74.0% in group C ( P

Objective To explore the application of 2010 edition cardiopulmonary resuscitation clinical nursing teaching pathway combined with OSCE mode in teaching and assessment,and improve clinical emergency response capabilities.Methods 99 target school undergraduate nursing students were selected as research objects,and were randomly divided into the traditional group (50 students) and the combination group(49 students).The traditional group adopted the traditional CPR teaching and assessment methods,the combination group took the 2010 version of CPR pathway and OSCE clinical nursing teaching mo de.The mastery of CPR was compared between two groups.Results The mastery of cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills of the combination group was significantly better than that of the traditional group.Conclusions Implementation of the combination of 2010 version of the CPR and the OSCE clinical nursing teaching pathway mode can effectively promote the mastery of CPR skills by students,effectively improve the first-aid skills and adaptability of students.

green light(480 nm).

Objective To explore the correlations between the levels of serum 25 ( OH) D and age, blood sugar, blood lipid, blood pressure and insulin levels in patients with subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy . Methods A total of 100 patientswith subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy ( SAE) and 50 healthy persons were enrolled in the study.ELISA was adopted to determine serum 25(OH)D levels in two groups.Meantime, fasting glu-cose, blood lipid, blood pressure and insulin levels were measured and compared between two groups .Results The systolic blood pressure , diastolic blood pressure , fasting glucose , total cholesterol and insulin levels in SAE patients were significantly higher than those in the healthy control (p<0.05).The serum 25(OH)D levels in SAE patients were significantly lower than that in the healthy control (p<0.01).There were no significant differences in triglycer-ide and lipoprotein between two groups (p>0.05).The serum 25(OH)D levelswere negatively related with age, SBP, DBP and fasting glucose(p<0.05,p<0.01) but not correlative with TC, TG, LDL, HDL, and insulin levels in SAE patients.Conclusion The serum 25(OH)D levels in SAE patients are reducedby playing a regulative role in the occurrence and development of SAE throughaffectingthe energy metabolism .