Objective To explore the feasibility of establishing a modified mouse model of pressure overload induced left ventricular hypertrophy by transverse aortic constriction(TAC).Methods 55 C57BL/6 female mice were randomly divided into three groups:severe TAC group (n =27),moderate TAC group (n =7) and sham surgery group (n =21),respectively.By ligating the aorta arch between innominate artery and the left common carotid artery with modified techniques in a minimally invasive way,moderate or severe aortic constriction were established successfully and reliably to mimic left ventricular(LV)outflow obstruction; to correctly evaluate the cardiac structural and functional responses to aortic arch banding,2-dimention (2D) and M mode transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) were deployed to monitor the LV contractile function and assess the LV hypertrophic changes induced by pressure overload at 4 weeks after the surgery.Results The mouse model of aortic constriction was established successfully with a post-operative survival rate more than 88％.And all these operated mice were able to survive at least 4 weeks long.Eccentric left ventricular hypertrophic changes were detected with echocardiographic measurement 4 weeks after the banding operation in both mTAC and sTAC group,as dilated left ventricular lumen with enlarged LV end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) and LV end systolic-dimension (LVESD) were confirmed.Mice with moderate banded aorta exhibited a compensated LV hypertrophy with preserved contractile functions and satisfactory ventricular wall movements to some extent,although left ventricular fractional shorting (LVFS) reduced gradually from 0.403 ± 0.007 to 0.340 ± 0.015 (P＜0.05) ; while in severe banded (sTAC) mice,LVFS reduced more significantly as a sharp decrease from 0.438 ± 0.011 to 0.216 ± 0.012 (P ＜ 0.01) were detected,combined with poor contractile function and stiff ventricular wall movements,exhibiting a de-compensated pathological left ventricular hypertrophy.Conclusion This modified TAC opcration could be easily carried out,and the TAC mouse model mentioned in the present research was an effective pressure overload model with several superiorities including less trauma,improved post-operative survival rate,rapid recovery and satisfactory reproducibility,thus a better and recommended mouse model for specific research purpose concerning LV hypertrophy mechanistic studies.

Objective To study the activation effect of HBV RNase H protein on the transcription of cellular apoptosis susceptibility gene (CAS). Methods The promoter of DNA sequence of CAS gene was identified in GenBank by bioinformatics and amplified from HepG2 genome by PCR using sense (5′-GGTACCCGATTACATGTTGTACATGAAGG-3′) and antisence (5′-CTCGAGGCTGAGTTCCATTGCTATAG-3′) primers. As these primers contained Kpn I and Xho I recognition sites on their respective 5′-ends, the amplified DNA fragments were tested by sequencing and then subcloned into Kpn I/Xho I sites of pCAT3-Basic reporter vector by routine molecular biological methods. The reconstructed plasmid named pCAT3-CASp was identified by enzyme digestion of Kpn I/Xho I, in which the expression of chloramphenical acetyltransferase (CAT) was under the control of the promoter of CAS. The HepG2 cells were transfected by pCAT3-CASp, and then co-transfected by pCAT3-CASp and pcDNA3.1(-)-RH plasmids. At the same time, the empty pCAT3-basic and pCAT3-TXNRD1p were transfected (self-contructed by the authors) as controls. After 24h culturing, cells were collected and the expression of CAT activity was detected by ELISA according to the manufacturer′s protocol. Results The optical density of expression of CAT of pCAT3-CASp was 0.043 by ELISA, in contrast, the optical density of expression of pCAT3-Basic was 0.024. The expression of CAT in co-transfection of pCAT3-CASp and pcDNA3.1(-)-RH(0.065) was 1.5 times as higher as pCAT3-CASp plasmid (0.043), and 2.7 times as higher as pCAT3-Basic. Conclusions The CAS gene promoter identified in present study has transcription activity and HBV RNase H protein may activate the expression of CAS gene.

Objective To study the effects of continuous oxygenated blood microperfusion on rat hearts preservation.Methods Forty-five Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups.The isolated rat hearts were continuously microperfused with oxygenated blood at 4℃in experimental group,those in control group microperfused with St.Thomas solution and those in solution group were preserved with St.Thomas solution.After preservation the hemodynamic indexes of rat hearts were measured using Langendorff system,including the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP),the left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP),the left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and the rate of the left ventricular pressure change (?dp/dt),then the contents of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and myoeardium ul- trastructures were observed under an electric microscope.Results After 30 min perfusion of Langen- dorff system,the LVSP,LVDP and?dp/dt were (38,25?3.84) mm Hg,(32.54?4.01) mm Hg and (1080?123) mm Hg/s respectively in experimental group;(34.48?4.68) mm Hg,(19.27?4.63) mm Hg and (935?196) mm Hg/s respectively in control group;(32.14?4.95) mm Hg, (16.99?4.85) mm Hg and (825?302) mm Hg/s respectively in solution group.The hemodynamic indexes in experimental group were superior to those in control group and solution group (P

Objective To investigate bacterial spectrum characteristics and distribution of urinary tract infections with different time phase in intensive care unit(ICU).Methods From January 2012 to March 2013,the clinical data of 1330 cases in ICU,treated with urinary catheter indwelling,was retrospectively reviewed.Among them,705 cases were male and 625 cases were female.Their age ranged from 11 to 94 years old,mean (55.4 ± 19.2)years old.Acute physiology and chronic health scores (APACHE Ⅱ) were 1 to 69,mean 17.1 ±9.3.Duration of catheter indwelling ranged from 1 to 28 days,mean 23 days.The urine was collect through catheter via sterile syringe for bacterial culture.The incidence of urinary tract infection,bacterial infection spectrum,composition ratio and bacteria distribution in 1,2 and 4 weeks after admission were recorded.Results Total urinary tract infection cases were 36(2.7％).There were 15 urinary tract infection cases in 625 famale cases(2.4％),There were 21 cases in 705 male cases (3.0％).49 pathogens were obtained,including 32 gram-negative bacilli (65.3％),17 gram-positive cocci (32.7％) and 1 fungus 2.0％.Enterococcus faecium (30.6％),E.coli (22.4％),Acinetobacter baumannii(10.2％),and Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.2％) were the predominant species.According to hospitalized time,the bacteria spectrum distribution showed Gram negative bacilli were 50.0％ (8 pathogens),57.1％ (4 pathogens),76.9％ (20 pathogens) and Gram positive bacteria were 43.8％ (7 pathogens),42.9％ (3 pathogens),23.1％ (6 pathogens) in the differet observed time point,respectively.A fungus was only observed in the first week after admission 6.3％.Concluusions Gram-negative bacilli were predominant bacterial of urinary tract infections in ICU patients.The incidence of fungus infection was low.E.coli,Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the predominant species in Gramnegative bacilli.And Enterococcus faecium was the predominant specie in gram-positive cocci.It was similar for gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci in the first two weeks.After two weeks Gram-negative bacilli turned to the main species.

Innovative medical talents training in higher medical colleges and universities is the requirements of the era. Based on the medical education of Xi'an Jiaotong University,the article systematically introduces some thoughts and methods of talents training system,which includes three aspects such as three-dimensional teaching environment(teaching resource construction,platform construction and construction of teachers' team),experiment curriculum system reform and innovation mechanism,etc. Construction of three-dimensional teaching environment is emphasized.

Abstract: Mosquitoes are involved in the transmission of serious diseases such as malaria, dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, Zika virus disease, and filariasis, and their prevention and control have always been a research hotspot. Currently, mosquito control methods mainly include physical control, chemical control and biological control. Physical control methods are environmentally friendly, but they are slow to take effect and have unsatisfactory control effects; although chemical control can quickly eliminate mosquitoes, it has been eliminated due to its high pollution, high residual, and easy drug resistance; biological control uses natural enemies or pathogens to kill mosquitoes and reduce their ability to transmit disease. Therefore, environmentally friendly biological control has become the main measure for controlling and preventing mosquitoes. In recent years, significant progress has been made in bacterial mosquito control agents, among which Bacillus thuringiensis has been the most extensively studied. Bacillus thuringiensis is a Gram-positive soil microorganism, which is the pathogenic bacterium of a variety of agricultural pests such as Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera. During the sporulation process, its strains produce a variety of insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs) or δ-endotoxins with insecticidal activity against mosquito larvae. This review firstly introduces the crystal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis, describes in detail the types and structures of crystal proteins in detail, and also reveals the mechanism of action of crystal proteins related to receptors.

Objective: To investigate the suppressive effects of nedaplatin on human liver cancer cell line SMMC7721 and the interactions between nedaplatin and adriamycin or mitomycin or fluorouracil. Methods: The cytotoxic index of nedaplatin alone or combined with other chemotherapy agents on SMMC cells were detected by MTT method. Results: SMMC was sensitive to nedaplatin with a positive correlation between cytotoxic index and nedaplatin concentration. There were significant synergism in the cytotoxic effects of nedaplatin combined with adriamycin or Mitomycin or Fluorouracil on SMMC cells. Conclusion: Nedapltin is a promising agent in the treatment of human liver cancer.

Objective:To investigate the radiosensitization and the cell-cycle of mild hyperthermia(≤42℃)on human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cell line SPC-A-1 in vitro. Methods: The human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cell line SPC-A were treated with radiation and the combination of radiation with mild hyperthermia. Radiosensitivity was determined by clonogenic assay and quantified by calculating the thermal enhancement ratio (TER). Flow cytometry was used to observe the cell-cycle. Results: Do, Dq calculated from the dose-response curve for radiation combined with 41.5℃ were 1.390 Gy, 1.426 Gy, whereas 1.693 Gy, 2.453 Gy for radiation alone, respectively. TER was 1.218. The proportion of cells in S phase was found to be 14.81% in the radiation group. The values, after 48 hours and 72 hours, with 6Gy radiation combined immediate 41.5℃ one hour mild hyperthermia, were 5.89% and 9.08%, respectively, versus 18.8% and 31.91% with 6 Gy radiation alone. Conclusion:Radiosensitization of mild hyperthermia in SPC-A-1 cells associated with the hyper-radiosensitization of the cells in S phase.

Objective Analysis of the etiological factors and the diagnostic methods of fever of unknown origin(FUO)in order to avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.Methods One hundred and twenty-eight patients with FUO were collected from our hospital.Results A final diagnosis was established in 118(92.2%)patients by using serological methods,bacteriological methods,body fluid test,bone marrow examination,tissue biopsy and diagnositic therapy.Infection(62.5%),connective tissue diseases(16.1%),malignancies(11.0%)were found to be the common causes of the fever in these patients while infection was the main cause of FUO in our research.The major pathogens responsible for the infec tion was bacteria,followed by virus and tuberculosis.Adult Still's disease was the most common connective tissue diseases in these patients.Lymphoma,malignant histocytosis and leukemia were the main forms of malignancy.Conclusion Infectious diseases was the most common cause of FUO while connective tissue disease and malignant tumors are also important in the pathogenesis of FUO.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics for patients with hemorrhagic transformation(HT) after acute cere‐bral infarction .Methods In this study ,retrospective analysis was performed for 48 patients HT ,which were classified as HI(n=45 ,93 .8% ) ,HI‐1(n=27) ,HI‐2(n=18);PH(n=3 ,6 .3% ) ,PH‐1(n=2) ,PH‐2(n=1) .PH‐2 admission NIHSS score was signifi‐cantly higher than other types of HT .CT scans and MRT were carried out ,infarction area were defined so that we could choose dif‐ferent treatments .Results The total cases with hemorrhage time within 1 -2 weeks after infarction was 28(58 .3% ) ,while 14 (29 .2% )occured within 1 week .The relationship between HT location and infarction area:25 cases(52 .1% ) occurred cerebral lobe infarction ,for which hemorrhage lesion was located in cortex and(or) subcortical;11 cases (22 .9% ) occurred deep brain parenchy‐ma infarction ,for which hemorrhagic lesion was located inside or on the edge of infarcts;8 cases were lobes and deep infarction ,3 cases were cerebellar infarction ,1 case was brain stem infarction ,all of the hemorrhagic lesion was inside the infarcts .The relation‐ship between HT and infarct size:31 cases(64 .6% ) occured secondary to large area acute cerebral infarction ,14 cases(29 .2% ) oc‐cured secondary to small area of cerebral infarction ,3 cases(6 .3% ) occured secondary to lacunar infarction .Hemorrhage of the HI patients was in the cortex and the subcortical white matter ,with shapes of deep brain dot ,patchy ,funicular or gyrus .Hematoma was formed in cerebral infarction for PH patients ,which mainly located in basal ganglia .Conclusion The HT occurrence is closely relat‐ed to the infarction area and size .Patients with Large area and cerebral lobe infarction have high opportunity for complication of HT .HT usually occurs within 1-2 weeks after cerebral infarction ,during which brain CT or MRI should be routinely reexamined .