Objective To explore the feasibility of establishing a modified mouse model of pressure overload induced left ventricular hypertrophy by transverse aortic constriction(TAC).Methods 55 C57BL/6 female mice were randomly divided into three groups:severe TAC group (n =27),moderate TAC group (n =7) and sham surgery group (n =21),respectively.By ligating the aorta arch between innominate artery and the left common carotid artery with modified techniques in a minimally invasive way,moderate or severe aortic constriction were established successfully and reliably to mimic left ventricular(LV)outflow obstruction; to correctly evaluate the cardiac structural and functional responses to aortic arch banding,2-dimention (2D) and M mode transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) were deployed to monitor the LV contractile function and assess the LV hypertrophic changes induced by pressure overload at 4 weeks after the surgery.Results The mouse model of aortic constriction was established successfully with a post-operative survival rate more than 88％.And all these operated mice were able to survive at least 4 weeks long.Eccentric left ventricular hypertrophic changes were detected with echocardiographic measurement 4 weeks after the banding operation in both mTAC and sTAC group,as dilated left ventricular lumen with enlarged LV end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) and LV end systolic-dimension (LVESD) were confirmed.Mice with moderate banded aorta exhibited a compensated LV hypertrophy with preserved contractile functions and satisfactory ventricular wall movements to some extent,although left ventricular fractional shorting (LVFS) reduced gradually from 0.403 ± 0.007 to 0.340 ± 0.015 (P＜0.05) ; while in severe banded (sTAC) mice,LVFS reduced more significantly as a sharp decrease from 0.438 ± 0.011 to 0.216 ± 0.012 (P ＜ 0.01) were detected,combined with poor contractile function and stiff ventricular wall movements,exhibiting a de-compensated pathological left ventricular hypertrophy.Conclusion This modified TAC opcration could be easily carried out,and the TAC mouse model mentioned in the present research was an effective pressure overload model with several superiorities including less trauma,improved post-operative survival rate,rapid recovery and satisfactory reproducibility,thus a better and recommended mouse model for specific research purpose concerning LV hypertrophy mechanistic studies.

Objective To study the effects of continuous oxygenated blood microperfusion on rat hearts preservation.Methods Forty-five Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups.The isolated rat hearts were continuously microperfused with oxygenated blood at 4℃in experimental group,those in control group microperfused with St.Thomas solution and those in solution group were preserved with St.Thomas solution.After preservation the hemodynamic indexes of rat hearts were measured using Langendorff system,including the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP),the left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP),the left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and the rate of the left ventricular pressure change (?dp/dt),then the contents of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and myoeardium ul- trastructures were observed under an electric microscope.Results After 30 min perfusion of Langen- dorff system,the LVSP,LVDP and?dp/dt were (38,25?3.84) mm Hg,(32.54?4.01) mm Hg and (1080?123) mm Hg/s respectively in experimental group;(34.48?4.68) mm Hg,(19.27?4.63) mm Hg and (935?196) mm Hg/s respectively in control group;(32.14?4.95) mm Hg, (16.99?4.85) mm Hg and (825?302) mm Hg/s respectively in solution group.The hemodynamic indexes in experimental group were superior to those in control group and solution group (P

Objective To investigate bacterial spectrum characteristics and distribution of urinary tract infections with different time phase in intensive care unit(ICU).Methods From January 2012 to March 2013,the clinical data of 1330 cases in ICU,treated with urinary catheter indwelling,was retrospectively reviewed.Among them,705 cases were male and 625 cases were female.Their age ranged from 11 to 94 years old,mean (55.4 ± 19.2)years old.Acute physiology and chronic health scores (APACHE Ⅱ) were 1 to 69,mean 17.1 ±9.3.Duration of catheter indwelling ranged from 1 to 28 days,mean 23 days.The urine was collect through catheter via sterile syringe for bacterial culture.The incidence of urinary tract infection,bacterial infection spectrum,composition ratio and bacteria distribution in 1,2 and 4 weeks after admission were recorded.Results Total urinary tract infection cases were 36(2.7％).There were 15 urinary tract infection cases in 625 famale cases(2.4％),There were 21 cases in 705 male cases (3.0％).49 pathogens were obtained,including 32 gram-negative bacilli (65.3％),17 gram-positive cocci (32.7％) and 1 fungus 2.0％.Enterococcus faecium (30.6％),E.coli (22.4％),Acinetobacter baumannii(10.2％),and Klebsiella pneumoniae (10.2％) were the predominant species.According to hospitalized time,the bacteria spectrum distribution showed Gram negative bacilli were 50.0％ (8 pathogens),57.1％ (4 pathogens),76.9％ (20 pathogens) and Gram positive bacteria were 43.8％ (7 pathogens),42.9％ (3 pathogens),23.1％ (6 pathogens) in the differet observed time point,respectively.A fungus was only observed in the first week after admission 6.3％.Concluusions Gram-negative bacilli were predominant bacterial of urinary tract infections in ICU patients.The incidence of fungus infection was low.E.coli,Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the predominant species in Gramnegative bacilli.And Enterococcus faecium was the predominant specie in gram-positive cocci.It was similar for gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci in the first two weeks.After two weeks Gram-negative bacilli turned to the main species.

Objective To study the activation effect of HBV RNase H protein on the transcription of cellular apoptosis susceptibility gene (CAS). Methods The promoter of DNA sequence of CAS gene was identified in GenBank by bioinformatics and amplified from HepG2 genome by PCR using sense (5′-GGTACCCGATTACATGTTGTACATGAAGG-3′) and antisence (5′-CTCGAGGCTGAGTTCCATTGCTATAG-3′) primers. As these primers contained Kpn I and Xho I recognition sites on their respective 5′-ends, the amplified DNA fragments were tested by sequencing and then subcloned into Kpn I/Xho I sites of pCAT3-Basic reporter vector by routine molecular biological methods. The reconstructed plasmid named pCAT3-CASp was identified by enzyme digestion of Kpn I/Xho I, in which the expression of chloramphenical acetyltransferase (CAT) was under the control of the promoter of CAS. The HepG2 cells were transfected by pCAT3-CASp, and then co-transfected by pCAT3-CASp and pcDNA3.1(-)-RH plasmids. At the same time, the empty pCAT3-basic and pCAT3-TXNRD1p were transfected (self-contructed by the authors) as controls. After 24h culturing, cells were collected and the expression of CAT activity was detected by ELISA according to the manufacturer′s protocol. Results The optical density of expression of CAT of pCAT3-CASp was 0.043 by ELISA, in contrast, the optical density of expression of pCAT3-Basic was 0.024. The expression of CAT in co-transfection of pCAT3-CASp and pcDNA3.1(-)-RH(0.065) was 1.5 times as higher as pCAT3-CASp plasmid (0.043), and 2.7 times as higher as pCAT3-Basic. Conclusions The CAS gene promoter identified in present study has transcription activity and HBV RNase H protein may activate the expression of CAS gene.

Humans ; Paraffin Embedding ; methods ; Periodontium ; pathology ; Tooth ; pathology

Objective Analysis of the etiological factors and the diagnostic methods of fever of unknown origin(FUO)in order to avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.Methods One hundred and twenty-eight patients with FUO were collected from our hospital.Results A final diagnosis was established in 118(92.2%)patients by using serological methods,bacteriological methods,body fluid test,bone marrow examination,tissue biopsy and diagnositic therapy.Infection(62.5%),connective tissue diseases(16.1%),malignancies(11.0%)were found to be the common causes of the fever in these patients while infection was the main cause of FUO in our research.The major pathogens responsible for the infec tion was bacteria,followed by virus and tuberculosis.Adult Still's disease was the most common connective tissue diseases in these patients.Lymphoma,malignant histocytosis and leukemia were the main forms of malignancy.Conclusion Infectious diseases was the most common cause of FUO while connective tissue disease and malignant tumors are also important in the pathogenesis of FUO.

Objective Urinary protein is closely related to the development and progression of major vascular lesionsin diabetic patients.This study was to investigate the correlation between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV) and urinary protein in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM) . Methods According to the level of 24-hour urinary albumin ( UAL) , 142 T2DM patients were divided into three groups:control (UA<30 mg, n=84), microalbuminuria(UAL<300 mg, n=26), and clinical albuminuria group ( UAL≥300 mg, n=33) .All the patients underwent examination offasting blood glucose, blood lipid, renal function, HbA1c, islet func-tion, C-reactive protein, blood pressure, and BMI.Their baPWV was determined with an Omron atherosclerosis detector and the correla-tion of baPWV with other factors evaluated by Pearson analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis. Results The baPWVwas significantly higher in themicroalbuminuria([1649.19±229.36]cm/s) and clinical albuminuria ([1759.21±291.05]cm/s) than in the control group ([1522.33±248.37]cm/s) (P<0.05).Pearson analysis showed a positive correlation between 24-hour UAL and baPWV ( r=0.347, P<0.01) and multivariate linear regression analysis manifested the same correlation ( P<0.05) . Conclusion The level of urinary protein is closely correlated with baPWV in T2DM patients.

Objective To analyze blood stream infections(BSI)in ICU patients,to explore the bacterial spectrum characteristics and time distribu?tion,so as to provide a reference for the clinical use of antibiotics. Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out. A total of 1 330 patients admit?ted in our hospital intensive care unit(ICU)from January 2012 to March 2013(15 months)were selected for the study,the occurrence rate of blood stream infections,the bacteria spectrum of it and the bacteria spectrum distribution in different period of time(admitted in ICU for the first week,sec?ond week and later)were analyzed. The subjects were divided into 2 groups(CVC cases and non?CVC cases)depended on CVC indwelling or not. Results There were 971 cases with central venous catheter(CVC),the occurrence of bloodstream infection were 96 cases,the infection rate was 9.89%,including 359 non?CVC cases and 12 blood stream infection cases. The infection rate was 3.34%,and the total blood infection rate was 8.12%. A total of 157 strains of pathogen were isolated,among which 16 strains were isolated from non?CVC cases. Infection of gram?negative bacilli, gram?positive cocci and fungi were 56.7%,32.5%and 10.8%,respectively. Staphylococcus(16.6%),Bauman acinetobacter(15.9%),Enterococ?cus(14.6%),Pseudomonasaeruginosa(10.2%)and Klebsiella(10.2%)were the most common bacteria. For the distribution of time,in non?CVC cases gram?negative bacilli were more than other bacilli in the first and second week(3 vs 1,4 vs 1)in ICU,more gram?positive cocci( 5 vs 2) were isolated after two weeks,no fungi were detected;in CVC cases,gram negative bacilli were in a dominant position all the time(the number of gram negative bacilli,gram positive bacteria and fungi were 31 cases,24 cases and 3 cases in the first week respectively,23 cases,12 cases,11 cas?es in the second week,26 cases,8 cases and 3 cases after the second week),the proportion of each species in the first week were 53.4%,41.4%and 5.2%,respectively,50%,26.1%and 23.9%in the second week,70.3%,21.6%and 8.1%after the second week . The highest fungemia was found in the second week. Conclusion For the 1st 2 weeks in ICU,the most common bacilli was gram negative bacilli with BSI. After 2 weeks admitted in the ICU,it was mainly gram negative bacilli in CVC cases,and mainly gram positive cocci in non?CVC cases. In the 2nd week,fungemia had the? highest probability in CVC cases,and it appeared low possibility in non?CVC cases. Non?CVC cases have a lower risk of blood stream infection.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics for patients with hemorrhagic transformation(HT) after acute cere‐bral infarction .Methods In this study ,retrospective analysis was performed for 48 patients HT ,which were classified as HI(n=45 ,93 .8% ) ,HI‐1(n=27) ,HI‐2(n=18);PH(n=3 ,6 .3% ) ,PH‐1(n=2) ,PH‐2(n=1) .PH‐2 admission NIHSS score was signifi‐cantly higher than other types of HT .CT scans and MRT were carried out ,infarction area were defined so that we could choose dif‐ferent treatments .Results The total cases with hemorrhage time within 1 -2 weeks after infarction was 28(58 .3% ) ,while 14 (29 .2% )occured within 1 week .The relationship between HT location and infarction area:25 cases(52 .1% ) occurred cerebral lobe infarction ,for which hemorrhage lesion was located in cortex and(or) subcortical;11 cases (22 .9% ) occurred deep brain parenchy‐ma infarction ,for which hemorrhagic lesion was located inside or on the edge of infarcts;8 cases were lobes and deep infarction ,3 cases were cerebellar infarction ,1 case was brain stem infarction ,all of the hemorrhagic lesion was inside the infarcts .The relation‐ship between HT and infarct size:31 cases(64 .6% ) occured secondary to large area acute cerebral infarction ,14 cases(29 .2% ) oc‐cured secondary to small area of cerebral infarction ,3 cases(6 .3% ) occured secondary to lacunar infarction .Hemorrhage of the HI patients was in the cortex and the subcortical white matter ,with shapes of deep brain dot ,patchy ,funicular or gyrus .Hematoma was formed in cerebral infarction for PH patients ,which mainly located in basal ganglia .Conclusion The HT occurrence is closely relat‐ed to the infarction area and size .Patients with Large area and cerebral lobe infarction have high opportunity for complication of HT .HT usually occurs within 1-2 weeks after cerebral infarction ,during which brain CT or MRI should be routinely reexamined .

Objective To retrospectively analyze bacterial time distribution of ICU?acquired infections in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical Uni?versity,so as to provide reference for the early antibiotic use for ICU?acquired infections. Methods A total of 1 330 cases in ICU from Jan. 2012 to Mar. 2013 were collected,the bacterial culture was positive in 254 cases. A total of 1 110 strains were collected from all the patients. Excluding 288 strains which were detected within 48 hours of patients′admission in ICU and 222 strains which were repeatedly detected in the same patients,600 strains were finally enrolled in the statistical analysis. Results The rate of ICU?acquired infections was 19.1%. Postoperative infections accounted for 74.3%,most of which occurred after neurosurgeries,and abdominal,orthopedic operations. Pulmonary infection ranked the first in ICU?acquired infections,accounting for 40.3%,followed by blood stream infection(25.3%),postoperative drainage infection(14.2%)and urinary tract infection (7.3%). The rate of pathogenic bacteria detection was the highest in the first week of patients′admission in ICU,and was getting lower as time went by. Strains detected in ICU mainly were Bauman Acinetobacter,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterococcus faecium,most of strains resulting in infections were gram negative bacilli throughout the time. In addition,the infection rate of fungi was increased at 2 weeks of pa?tients′admission in ICU. Conclusion The treatment of ICU?acquired infections should be targeted at gram negative bacilli. The detection rate of op?portunistic pathogens gradually increased with prolonged stay in ICU,most of which are non?fermentative bacteria. Fungi infections are most likely to occur at 2 weeks of patients′admission in ICU.