Objective To investigate the effect of extracapsular cataract extration by small incision after glaucomatous filtering surgery.Methods Non-phacoemulsificatinon extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation through temperal small tunnel incision was performed on 56 eyes of 48 glaucoma patients with preexisting filtering bleb.Results Visual acuity was improved in 56 eyes of 48 cases postoperatively.No severe complication was found intraoperatively and postoperatively.The postoperative IOP was (14.18?3.72)mm Hg.The functiond filtering bled had no apparently cicatrisation.Conclusion The operation is an effective method to treat cataract after glauconcatous filtering surgery.

The technique of transcervical chorionic villus sampling (TCVS) was studied in 155 cases for selected abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy, and 3 kinds of suction tube were compared. The ultrasonic mothod for the aspiration of chorionie villus sampling is more effective than the blind aspiration, giving a success rate of 99%. The modified suction tube with a stainless steel wire along-side as a supporter is simpler than the Portex's tube, giving a oneshot success rate of 85%. This shows that the TCVS is more satisfactory if the embryo is implanted into the posterior wall of the uterus. With the B-mode scanner, it gives the highest one-shot success rate and the amount of the obtained tissue is the greatest in the 7th and 8th weeks of gestation. Twenty cases were followed up for 3 to 7 days after the procedure before selective abortion. No complications occurred during and after the TCVS, indicating that this technique ia simple, safe and reliable.

Mother-Fetus ABO blood group incompatibility is one of the most common causes of hemolytic disease of newborns in China. To identify the blood group of the fetus in case of suspected mother-fetus blood group incompatibility in the first trimester of pregnancy, the author determined blood group substance (BGS) in 40 chorionic villi samples taken by the absorption-elution procedure during 6 to 12 weeks of gestation, with a simultaneous parental blood group determination as control. The BGS detected in those specimens were all in accordance with those of the blood groups of their coriesponding parents. Among the 40 samples of chorionic villi, 20 were redetermined, and the results were the same. This demonstrates the feasibility of the procedure to identify the fetal blood groups by the determination of BGS in the chorionic villi by transcervical aspiration. The study presents, apparently, a new and simple diagnostic method for detecting mother-fetus blood incompatibility in early pregnancy, thas giviing a prospectively preventive study on those types of blood group incompatibility.

AIM: To investigate the effect of prostanoid DP receptors (DPR) on sleep-wake regulation in mice. METHODS: Under pentobarbital anesthesia, mice were chronically implanted with electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) electrodes for polysomnographic recordings. The spontaneous sleep-wake cycles were monitored continuously by EEG/EMG recording system for 24 h beginning at 800 p.m. and analyzed by SLEEPSIGN software in DPR knock out (KO) and wild type (WT) mice. RESULTS: DPR-KO mice exhibited a similar circadian rhythm of sleep-wake cycles to WT mice. The amounts of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep or non-REM (NREM) sleep during both the light and dark periods were identical between the DPR-KO and WT mice. Whereas, an increase in the episode number of wakefulness and a shortage in the duration of NREM sleep were found in DPR-KO mice during the light period compared with WT mice. Moreover, DPR-KO mice showed lower activity in delta-wave component in NREM sleep and higher activity in theta-wave component in REM sleep than WT mice. CONCLUSION: DPR plays a crucial role in mediating the prostaglandin D2-induced sleep. Deficiency of DPR results in the low intensity and fragmented diurnal NREM sleep and the high vigilance REM sleep, with the normal circadian rhythm of sleep in mice.

Objective To investigate the effect of intrathecal injection (IT) of dexmedetomidine targeting Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) on neuropathic pain and spinal cord levels of TLR3 mRNA,interleukin-1β(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) proteins in rat model of chronic constriction injury (CCI).Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups(n =10):the sham group(intrathecal normal saline,IT NS),CCI group (CCI + IT NS),DEX-pre group (CCI + IT DEX pre 2ds),DEX-post group (CCl + IT DEX post 7ds) and DEX + ATIP group (CCI + IT DEX + ATIP).The lumbar intrathecal catheters were implanted in L5_6 of rats and CCI models were established as previously described.The thermal and mechanical nociceptive thresholds were assessed by paw withdrawal latency(PWL) to radiant heat and yon Frey filaments.The DEX was administered intrathecally for 7 days starting from 2 day before surgery or 7day after surgery.The spinal cord expression of TLR3 mRNA was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Levels of IL-1β,TNF-α in spinal cord were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results Compared with the sham group,animals in CCI group had significandy lower mechanical (F =12.73,P ＜ 0.05) and thermal pain thresholds (F =14.65,P ＜ 0.05),higher expression of TLR3 mRNA (F =11.03,P ＜ 0.05) and levels of IL-1 β (F =9.67,P ＜ 0.05),TNF-α(F =8.78,P ＜ 0.05) in the spinal cord (P ＜ 0.05).Rats in DEX-pre group had significantly higher mechanical (F =11.03,P ＜ 0.05) and thermal pain thresholds (F =15.03,P ＜ 0.05) and significantly lower expression of TLR3 mRNA (F =14.65,P ＜0.05) and levels of IL-1β (F =12.51,P＜0.05,TNF-α (F =9.01,P ＜0.05) in the spinal cord compared with those in the CCI group (at any observed time points after ligation,but most significantly at 7 d).And the effects of DEX-pre group were abated by IT ATIP at the same time or 7days after surgery alone (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Intrathecal injection of DEX can decrease the levels of inflammatory factors by decreasing the TLR3 mRNA in the spinal cord of rats and prophylactic relieve the neuropathic pain induced by CCI.

The ras-mitogen activeted protein kinase pathway is responsible for regulation of many cel-lular processes, including differentiation, cytoskeletal organization, and protein trafficking. Much attention has been paid to them and their role in cancer therapy recently, and its inhibitor pathways are applied to clinical tes-ting, such as, Raf kinse inhibitors, MEK inhibitor, Src kinase inhibitor.

Silk fiber,as a kind of natural polymer,has been used as surgical sutures in clinic for years.Silk fiber is composed of a filament core protein,termed fibroin and a glue-like coating called sericin proteins.Due to its unique mechanical properties,good biocompatibility and slow degradability,silk fiber has been put in variety of applications as a new kind of biomedical scaffolds in recent years.With the development of the processing technique,silk fiber can be processed through the new versatile processing method to form various forms of scaffolds and its surface could be modified for different purposes.Further more,it could be tailored through genetic recombination to form the silk fibroin-like polymers which has a promising potential in medical applications.

Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a new member of renin-angiotensin system found recently. It counterbalances the effects of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), hydrolyzes angiotensin Ⅱ to generate angiotensin-(1-7) and hydrolyzes angiotensin Ⅰ to produce angiotensin-(1-9). Angiotensin-(1-9) can be hydrolyzed by ACE to form angiotensin-(1-7), and angiotensin-(1-7) counteracts the effects of angiotensin Ⅱ in many aspects. Bradykinin or atrial natriuretic factor or substance P are not the substrates of ACE2, and ACE2 hydrolyzes the metabolites of bradykinin such as des-Arg~9-BK and des-Arg~(10)-kallidin, and also the dynorphin A, one of the opium peptides. ACE2 is not inhibited by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI). Recent studies demonstrate that ACE2 is a functional receptor of SARS coronavirus. To elucidate the mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases and other disease such as SARS, further investigations in ACE2 are needed.

Objective To investigate the correlation and risk factors between vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).Methods A total of 121 cases of VAIN patients was retrospectively analyzed with examination results such as clinical manifestations,liquid based cytology (TCT),human papilloma virus infection,virus infection type,and clinical data of treatment and follow up.Results VAIN Ⅰ,VAIN],and VAIN Ⅲ] were accounted for 33.9％ (41/121),38.0％ (46/121),and 24.4％ (34/121) ; for 40 or less years old patients,VAIN Ⅲ was accounted for 10.7％ (3/28) ; for more than 40 years old patients,VAIN Ⅲ was accounted for 33.3％ (31 /93).Among 121 VAIN patients,77.7％ (94/121) patients had CIN history,15.7％ of which (19/121) had a history of cervical cancer; 27.3％ (33/121) with hysterectomy history,of which 75.8％ (25/33) was due to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer resection of the uterus.Papilloma viral load in patients with VAIN Ⅰ was detected with a (HPV-HC2) positive rate of 87.8％ (36/41),while in VAIN Ⅱ and VAIN [patients,the positive rate was 100％,the infection of high risk type of HPV ratio was 95.9％ (116/ 121).of which the mixed infection was accounted for 56.9％ (66/116).There was 94.6％ in oatients with VAIN (114/121),and liquid-based cytology test results suggest abnormality; 88.4％ (107/121) in patients with VAIN lesions occurred in upper 1/3 of vaginal.After diagnosed cervical disease,the onset time of VAIN was (3.45 ± 2.02) years,non-total-hysterectomy was (3.24 ± 1.97) years,after hysterectomy to pathological diagnosis time for VAIN was (5.01 ± 3.95) years:for the diagnosis of VAIN disease after resection of cervical original time was (3.96 ± 2.99) years,and rather than non cervical disease resection was an average of (9.94 ±5.37) years.In the course of treatment of the 12l cases of CIN patients,6 cases of patients were progressed to invasive carcinoma.Conclusions The clinical manifestation of VAIN is similar to CIN,the principle of diagnosis and treatment of CIN can also apply to VAIN,high risk HPV infection virus,cervical intraepithelial neoplasia are the risk factors for VAIN.

Objective To investigate the effect of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) combined with dexmedetomidine on the lung injury during one-lung ventilation (OLV) in the patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Methods Eighty ASA physical status I or Ⅱ patients, scheduled for elective radical operation for esophageal cancer, were randomly divided into 2 groups(40 patients each group) using a random number table: control group and RIPC combined with dexmedetomidine group (ORD group). In ORD group,10 min after endotraeheal intubation, RIPC was induced by 3 cycles of 5 min lower extremity ischemia followed by 5 min reperfusion, and at the same time a loading dose of dexmedetomidine 1.0 μg/kg was infused intravenously over 15 min and then dexmedetomidine was infused at a rate of 0.5 μg/(kg·h) until the end of operation. At 0, 30 min, 1 h and 2 h of OLV(T1-4), blood samples were obtained from the radial artery for blood gas analysis and determination of plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1βand IL-10.Oxygenation index and respiratory index were calculated. Exhaled breath condensate was collected at T1, T3 and T4, and the pH value was measured. Results The respiratory index at T2-4 in 2 groups were significantly higher than those at T1, control group: 1.16 ±0.12, 1.02 ±0.10 and 0.97±0.12 vs. 0.49±0.06, ORD group: 0.84±0.15, 0.72±0.12 and 0.65±0.10 vs. 0.48±0.08, there were statistical differences (P<0.05). The oxygenation index at T2-4 in 2 groups were significantly lower than those at T1, control group: (287.1±21.8), (306.8±35.2) and (312.9±25.5) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs. (426.5±39.0) mmHg, ORD group: (335.0±34.7), (341.1±41.3) and (359.1±38.8) mmHg vs. (433.6±23.8) mmHg, there were statistical differences (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the respiratory index at T2-4 in ORD group were elevated, the oxygenation index at T2-4 in ORD group were depressed, there were statistical differences (P<0.05). The TNF-α and IL-1β at T3-4 in 2 groups were significantly higher than those at T1, control group: (31.4±6.7) and (38.3±7.2) μg/L vs. (16.2±5.1) μg/L, (7.2±1.6) and (12.3±4.2) μg/L vs. (3.0±0.7) μg/L, ORD group: (21.7±5.4) and (23.4±5.1) μg/L vs. (16.3±4.7) μg/L, (4.8±0.9) and (6.3±1.6) μg/L vs. (2.9±0.8) μg/L, there were statistical differences (P<0.05). The pH value of exhaled breath condensate at T3-4 in 2 groups were significantly lower than those at T1, control group: 6.41±0.23 and 6.33±0.21 vs. 6.93±0.35, ORD group: 6.79±0.30 and 6.74±0.33 vs. 7.07±0.22, there were statistical differences (P<0.05). The IL-10 at T4 in 2 groups were significantly higher than those at T1, control group:(30.6±6.3) μg/L vs. (19.2±5.3) μg/L, ORD group: (41.3±5.2) μg/L vs. (19.5±4.9) μg/L, there were statistical differences (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the TNF-α and IL-1β at T3-4 in ORD group were depressed, the pH value of exhaled breath condensate at T3-4 in ORD group were elevated, the IL-10 at T4 in ORD group was elevated, there were statistical differences (P<0.05). Conclusions RIPC combined with dexmedetomidine can inhibit inflammatory responses and reduce airway acidification, thus attenuate the lung injury during OLV in the patients undergoing thoracic surgery.