With the development of medical theory and technology, the traditional teaching patterns have fallen behind the requirements for the training of medical students. Recently, virtual reality techniques have been proved to be effective in the practice of medical education. Through sum-marizing the experience of building simulation systems of eye anatomy, clinical features of eye and simulation practice, the author has elaborated the role of virtual reality technology in ophthalmology teaching theory and practice, which is of profound significance to improve the overall level of ophthal-mology teaching.

AlM:To evaluate the long-term efficiency and safety of overnight orthokeratology in myopia correction and control in adolescents.METHODS: Sixty-five myopia adolescents treated in our hospital from August 2011 to February 2012 were retrospectively analyzed and followed up to 2a. Among them, 35 cases ( 67 eyes ) wearing overnight orthokeatology were included as trial group, and 30 cases ( 60 eyes ) wearing spectacles were included as control group. The trial group were divided into 2 subgroup according the myopic grading in the initial visit:subgroup A(35 eyes,≤-3. 00D), B subgroup (32 eyes,>-3. 00D and ≤-6. 00D). ln the trial group, slit lamp, visual acuity, refraction, intraocular pressure, corneal tomography were collected before wearing overnight orthokeratology, 1d, 1wk, 1month, 3mo, and every 6mo after wearing overnight orthokeratology , with axial length, corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, corneal endothelial cell count, abjective refraction and tear film were also collected before and 2a after wearing overnight orthokeratology. ln the control group, slit lamp, visual acuity, refraction and intraocular pressure were collected before wearing and 2a after wearing spectacles. Paired t test were used to compare the intragroup difference. One-way analysis of variance ( ANOVA) was used to compare the differences among the groups. P<0. 05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS: The uncorrected visual acuity of the trial group was improved obviously after wearing Orthokeratology Lens 1d, the visual acuity of a group patients improved more significantly. The corneal curvature ( including vertical curvature and horizontal curvature ) of the trial group became more flat after wearing Orthokeratology Lens 2a and stopped 2 wk; The length of ocular axis was also increased, the growth rate of B group (0.33±0.31)mm was lower than that of group A (0. 43±0. 25)mm; Subjective refraction of myopia was increased 0.68±0.49D than wearing Orthokeratology Lens before, but compared with the growth (2. 08 ± 0. 57) D of the control, the effect of myopia control was more obviously. Grade of dry eye was more severely than that of wearing Orthokeratology Lens before, but there was no significant difference between groups A and B. Compared with wearing Orthokeratology Lens before, corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, corneal endothelial cell number and the intraocular pressure were all no significant differences between the trial and control group.CONCLUSlON: Orthokeratology is a safe and effective method for the correction of myopia, and long-term use of Orthokeratology Lens can effectively control the development of myopia. Controlling of moderate myopia is more effective than that of low myopia.

AIM:To find out the mean corneal spherical aberration and its changes with age in Kaifeng population.
METHODS: A total of 466 eyes of 427 Kaifeng subjects with cataract, whose age ranged from 52 to 75 years old, were divided into three groups according to the age. All the subjects were included in measuring K-readings of cornea, the corneal anterior and posterior surfaces of the spherical aberration and the total corneal spherical aberration using Pentacam(Oculus, Germany) at the 6-mm optical zone.
RESULTS:The mean corneal spherical aberration( CSA) of the whole groups was 0. 339±0. 153μm. Patients from 50 to 60 years old had CSA of 0. 322±0. 137μm, 0. 326±0.157μm was the CSA of the patients from 60 to 70 years old, while those from 70 to 80 years old have a CSA of 0.401 ± 0. 182μm. The corneal K - readings had no correlation with the total corneal spherical aberration ( r=0. 034, P>0. 05), anterior surfaces CSA, posterior surfaces and total CSA were positively correlated with age ( r =0.253, 0. 327, 0. 233, all P<0. 01).
CONCLUSION:CSA is varied among the population and CSA of elderly in Kaifeng area are slightly higher than white people, and positively correlated with age.

Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; etiology ; therapy ; Liver Cirrhosis ; complications ; therapy ; Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic

From genomics to proteomics, and then to miRNA, all without exception showed that proteins are the substance which directly regulate life. Comparing with genomics, the study of proteins is more difficult for its great variety, complicated modification and complicated construction. Recently, some new techniques for protein assay and research have provided us, for example, Fluorescence labeling, SELDI, SPR and optical protein chip, of which, SELDI SPR and optical protein chip are label-free. SELDI protein chip technique and its newly developed applications are briefly reviewed here.

Objective To explore the clinical outcome of self-designed bilateral external fixator combined with limited internal fixation for the treatment of open fracture of tibial plateau.Methods From February 2001 to September 2005,23 cases of open tibial plateau fractures were treated with bilateral external fixator combined with limited internal fixation.According to Schatzker classification,there were 35 patients with type Ⅴ fracture and 18 patients with type Ⅵ fracture.According to Gustilo classification,there were type Ⅰ in 15 eases,type Ⅱ in 22 cases, type Ⅲ in 16 cases.Results The follow-up period was 5 to 22 months(mean 10 months).All the fractures got unit- ed.According to Merchant grade,18 eases were evaluated as excellent,25 as good,9 as fair.The rate of excellent and good resuhs was 83 %.Conclusion Operation by using bilateral fixator combined with limited internal fixator can make fixation stable and reduce complication.It is an effective method to treat complex fractures of open tibial plateau.

Objective To investigate the possible risk factors for lead poisoning in order to prevent the lead poisoning in children.Methods One thousand and fifty-five children aged 5 months to 16 years who were outpatients in Beijing children′s hospital were chosen. Blood lead was analyzed by 3010-B lead analyzer for each child.Also the risk factors were recorded by using a standardized questionnaire.Results The mean level of blood lead was(110.1?41.9) ?g/L with the occurrence of lead poisoning (blood lead ≥100 ?g/L) at 43.51%.No difference were found in blood lead level among different age groups.Several environmental and social factors were found to be related to lead poisoning in children,such as non-balanced diet,rarely hand washing,frequent eating crisp foods,not frequency of calcium and zinc supplementation and frequency of room decoration.Conclusion Unhealthy dietary and life styles contribute to lead poisoning in children.

Drug Industry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration

Drug Industry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Holistic Health ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration

Objective To review 2006-2007 AIDS response in China by applying the indicators of "Monitoring & Evaluation Plan of AIDS Response". Method Data from the national AIDS routine reporting system and special survey in line with the definitions of the indicators and standardized methods were summarized,classified and analyzed; mid-term targets or indicator value of 2005 were employed as comparison. Results The 2007 result of the national HIV sentinel surveillance showed that the HIV prevalence among female sex workers,injecting drug users,men who have sex with men and pregnant women was 0.0%,1.9%,3.1% and 0.0% respectively;the data from the national HIV comprehensive response information system showed that by the end of 2007,72.8% of the adults and children with advanced HIV infection had received antiretroviral therapy (ART) ,and 83.6% of the ART receivers survived after 12 month treatment. Conclusion Indicators of the "Monitoring & Evaluation Plan" are able to reflect the outcomes and achievements of 2006-2007 HIV/AIDS response in China,which has made good progress and has fulfilled the mid-term targets as defined by the Plan.