1.Investigation of the regulatory effect of overexpressed Ptpn2 on SiO2-mediated mouse alveolar macrophages based on iTRAQ technology
Yi WEI ; Yaqian LI ; Xinjie LI ; Mengfei FENG ; Fuyu JIN ; Hong XU ; Ying ZHU
Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui 2026;61(2):183-191
ObjectiveTo investigate the regulatory effect of overexpressed protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (Ptpn2) on the inflammatory response of mouse alveolar macrophages (MH-S) induced by SiO₂. MethodsCells with overexpressed Ptpn2 were constructed and induced by SiO₂. The experimental groups were divided into four groups: the negative control group with an empty vector (NC), the overexpressed Ptpn2 group (P), the negative control group with an empty vector + SiO₂ induction (NS), and the overexpressed Ptpn2 + SiO₂ induction group (PS). Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used to screen differential proteins, followed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database analyses. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expressions of Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, Gasdermin D (GSDMD), and Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of PTPN2, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), and proteins related to the TGF-β1 signaling pathway in the cells of each group. ResultsiTRAQ results identified 144 differential proteins among the four groups. GO analysis showed that in biological processes (BP), these differential proteins were mainly enriched in IκB kinase/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling, cell activation and signal transduction involved in immune responses, and regulation of receptor signaling pathways by signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), etc. KEGG analysis revealed that the differential proteins were mainly enriched in Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway. The results of immunofluorescence staining showed that compared with the NC group, the expressions of TNF α, GSDMD, and TGF-β1 in the cells of the NS group increased (P < 0.05); compared to the NS group, the expression of the aforementioned proteins in the PS group decreased in cellular proteins(P < 0.05). The results of Western blot showed that compared with the NC group, the protein expression levels of PTPN2, p-NF-κB,MyD88,TLR4,NLRP3,GSDMD,Caspase-1,IL-1β, TGF-βR1, TGF-βR,p-Smad2/3 in the NS group were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05); compared with the NS group, the expression levels of the aforementioned proteins in the PS group were significantly downregulated (P < 0.05). ConclusionOverexpression of Ptpn2 can inhibit the protein expressions of TLR4-TNF-α signaling, NLRP3 signaling, and TGF-β1 signaling closely related to inflammatory response in SiO₂-mediated MH-S macrophages.
2.Compact Fundus Imaging System Using Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Sensing for High-speed Auto-focus
Zhe-Kai LIN ; Long CHEN ; Geng-Yong ZHENG ; Jin-Tian HUANG ; Jia-Xin DONG ; Shang-Pan YANG ; Wen-Zheng DING ; Ding-An HAN ; Xue-Hua WANG ; Ya-Guang ZENG
Progress in Biochemistry and Biophysics 2026;53(4):1076-1086
ObjectiveThe widespread adoption of portable fundus cameras for primary care and community screening is hindered by limitations in current autofocus(AF) technologies. Image-based methods relying on sharpness evaluation require iterative searches, resulting in slow convergence, while projection-based techniques are susceptible to optical artifacts and calibration errors. To address these challenges, this study introduces a novel AF system based on direct wavefront sensing, designed to deliver simultaneous high speed, high precision, and operational robustness within the compact form factor essential for portable ophthalmic devices. MethodsOur approach fundamentally reimagines the AF process by directly measuring the ocular wavefront aberration. We developed a custom portable fundus camera integrating a miniaturized Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (SHWS) into the optical path. An 850 nm laser diode projects a point source onto the retina via oblique illumination to minimize corneal reflections. Light scattered from this spot carries the eye’s refractive error through the imaging optics and is directed to the SHWS, positioned at a plane optically conjugate to the primary color CMOS imaging sensor. A microlens array within the SHWS samples the incident wavefront, generating a pattern of focal spots on a CCD. Real-time centroid analysis of these spots provides a map of local wavefront slopes. These measurements are processed through a singular value decomposition (SVD) algorithm to fit a Zernike polynomial basis set, enabling real-time reconstruction of the wavefront phase. The defocus component (S) is extracted from the second-order Zernike coefficients, providing a direct, quantitative measure of the refractive error in diopters. This value serves as a precise error signal in a closed-loop control system, which commands a voice-coil actuated focusing lens to its null position in a single, deterministic step, eliminating the need for iterative search algorithms. ResultsComprehensive evaluation demonstrated the system’s high performance. Testing on a calibrated model eye (OEMI-7) established a highly linear relationship between the computed defocus S and the focusing lens position across a ±20 Diopter (D) compensation range, achievable within a 5 mm mechanical travel. The system achieved a focusing precision of 0.08 D, corresponding to an 18-fold improvement over a conventional projection spot-size method tested under identical conditions. The total focus acquisition time, encompassing wavefront measurement, computation, and lens actuation, averaged under 0.5 s. Clinical validation with 25 human volunteers (50 eyes, refractive range -15 D to +10 D) confirmed practical efficacy. The wavefront-sensing AF succeeded in 92% of attempts with a mean time of 0.5 s, substantially outperforming a projection-based benchmark which achieved only a 32% success rate with an average time of 4.25 s. The system provided instantaneous directional guidance and maintained stability during minor ocular movements. Objective assessment of image quality, via amplitude contrast of retinal vasculature, showed consistent and significant enhancement following AF correction across the entire tested diopter range. ConclusionThis work successfully implements and validates a direct wavefront-sensing autofocus paradigm for portable fundus cameras. By directly quantifying and compensating for the optical defocus aberration, this method bypasses the fundamental limitations of image-processing and projection-based techniques, enabling rapid, precise, and deterministic diopter compensation. The developed system delivers an exceptional combination of a wide operational range (±20 D), high accuracy (0.08 D), fast convergence (0.5 s), and a compact physical footprint. This technology provides a practical and high-performance focusing solution capable of enhancing the reliability, throughput, and diagnostic utility of portable retinal imaging in large-scale screening applications. Future efforts will be directed towards system cost optimization and performance adaptation for diverse ocular conditions.
3.Construction of hospital preparation cost item library based on the Delphi method
Shunlong OU ; Hong LIN ; Qian JIANG ; Zhaohui JIN
China Pharmacy 2026;37(9):1122-1126
OBJECTIVE To establish a hospital preparation cost item library, providing a reference for the refined accounting management of preparation costs in medical institutions. METHODS Based on literature analysis and practical work experience, a preliminary list of cost items was drafted. The Delphi method was employed to screen and optimize the items by analyzing the questionnaire recovery rate, expert authority coefficient, item importance score, coefficient of variation, and Kendall’s W of concordance. RESULTS The questionnaire recovery rates for the two rounds of expert consultation were 95.7% and 100%, respectively; the expert authority coefficients were 0.937 and 0.939, respectively; Kendall’s W of concordance were statistically significant ( P <0.001). The finally established hospital preparation cost item library included 6 first-level items (such as raw material and packaging material costs, human resource costs, and production operation costs) and 29 second-level items (including main drug raw material costs, production personnel compensation, and finished product full-item testing costs), comprehensively covering dimensions such as raw materials and packaging materials, fixed asset depreciation and equipment maintenance, human resources, production operations, energy and environment, and R & D and other costs. CONCLUSIONS This study successfully establishes a scientific and reliable cost item library for medical institution preparations, which can guide institutions to itemize actual expenditures, provide structured evidence for autonomous pricing, and support data needs for the formulation of insurance access and payment policies for innovative preparations.
4.Role and mechanism of platelet-derived growth factor BB in repair of growth plate injury
Hongcheng PENG ; Guoxuan PENG ; Anyi LEI ; Yuan LIN ; Hong SUN ; Xu NING ; Xianwen SHANG ; Jin DENG ; Mingzhi HUANG
Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research 2025;29(7):1497-1503
BACKGROUND:In the initial stage of growth plate injury inflammation,platelet-derived growth factor BB promotes the repair of growth plate injury by promoting mesenchymal progenitor cell infiltration,chondrogenesis,osteogenic response,and regulating bone remodeling. OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the action mechanism of platelet-derived growth factor BB after growth plate injury. METHODS:PubMed,VIP,WanFang,and CNKI databases were used as the literature sources.The search terms were"growth plate injury,bone bridge,platelet-derived growth factor BB,repair"in English and Chinese.Finally,66 articles were screened for this review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Growth plate injury experienced early inflammation,vascular reconstruction,fibroossification,structural remodeling and other pathological processes,accompanied by the crosstalk of chondrocytes,vascular endothelial cells,stem cells,osteoblasts,osteoclasts and other cells.Platelet-derived growth factor BB,as an important factor in the early inflammatory response of injury,regulates the injury repair process by mediating a variety of cellular inflammatory responses.Targeting the inflammatory stimulation mediated by platelet-derived growth factor BB may delay the bone bridge formation process by improving the functional activities of osteoclasts,osteoblasts,and chondrocytes,so as to achieve the injury repair of growth plate.Platelet-derived growth factor BB plays an important role in angiogenesis and bone repair tissue formation at the injured site of growth plate and intrachondral bone lengthening function of uninjured growth plate.Inhibition of the coupling effect between angiogenesis initiated by platelet-derived growth factor BB and intrachondral bone formation may achieve the repair of growth plate injury.
5.A comparison of soft tissue outcomes in skeletal Class II malocclusion: Anterior segmental osteotomy vs. non-surgical orthodontic treatment
Hyunhee CHOO ; Young Ho KIM ; Pureum HONG ; Young-Jin CHOI ; Reuben KIM ; Hwa Sung CHAE
The Korean Journal of Orthodontics 2025;55(3):224-233
Objective:
Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) have considerably reduced the need for anterior segmental osteotomy (ASO) in patients with Class I malocclusion. Most previous studies have been published before the widespread use of TADs, thus warranting new guidelines for determining the optimal approach for surgery and orthodontic treatment. This study aimed to establish guidelines on the choice between ASO and non-ASO (NASO) based on soft tissue considerations.
Methods:
Sixty-seven patients diagnosed with skeletal Class II malocclusion were divided into the ASO (n = 31) and NASO (n = 36) groups. Cephalometric analyses were used to compare the initial and final records to assess the effect of treatment on soft tissues. The interlabial gap, upper lip anterior to the E-line, lower lip anterior to the E-line, H-angle, upper lip to the nasion-perpendicular line, and nasolabial angle were evaluated. In particular, a proportional difference indicator between the upper and lower lips relative to the pogonion angle between the facial plane and CK line was presented, followed by statistics analyses. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.
Results:
Both groups demonstrated normal proportions of the upper and lower lips; however, significant differences favoring ASO over NASO in terms of soft tissue changes were observed for several variables.
Conclusions
ASO is advised if the required adjustment for the upper and lower lips is –4.0 mm and –5.0 mm, respectively. For modifications of –2.0 mm, NASO is preferred. This study provides clinical guidelines on the choice between ASO and NASO based on the required lip movement measurements.
6.The new definition of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: the role of ultrasound and elastography
Xinrui JIN ; Terry Cheuk-Fung YIP ; Grace Lai-Hung WONG ; Vincent Wai-Sun WONG ; Jimmy Che-To LAI
Ultrasonography 2025;44(3):189-201
In 2023, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease by the American and European liver associations. This new nomenclature recognizes metabolic dysfunction as the central driver of the disease, and the diagnostic criteria now require the presence of hepatic steatosis plus at least one of five cardiometabolic risk factors. B-mode ultrasonography remains the most common and practical method for detecting hepatic steatosis, although newer ultrasound techniques based on attenuation, backscatter, and speed of sound have gained traction as tools to diagnose and quantify hepatic steatosis. Additionally, ultrasound elastography is increasingly used in routine clinical practice to assess liver fibrosis, diagnose cirrhosis, and identify clinically significant portal hypertension.
7.Mortality and Risk Factors for Emphysematous Pyelonephritis in Korea: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
Seung-Kwon CHOI ; Jeong Woo LEE ; Seung Il JUNG ; Eu Chang HWANG ; Joongwon CHOI ; Woong Bin KIM ; Jung Sik HUH ; Jin Bong CHOI ; Yeonjoo KIM ; Jae Min CHUNG ; Ju-Hyun SHIN ; Jae Hung JUNG ; Hong CHUNG ; Sangrak BAE ; Tae-Hyoung KIM
Urogenital Tract Infection 2025;20(1):34-41
Purpose:
Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is a life-threatening disease requiring immediate treatment. This multicenter retrospective cohort study aimed to analyze the mortality rate and risk factors associated with EPN.
Materials and Methods:
Between January 2011 and February 2021, 217 patients diagnosed with EPN via computed tomography who visited 14 teaching hospitals were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical data, including age, sex, comorbidities, Huang and Tseng classification, hydronephrosis, acute kidney injury, blood and urine tests, surgical interventions, percutaneous drainage, and conservative treatments, were compared between the survival and death groups. Risk factors for mortality due to EPN were analyzed using univariate and multivariate methods.
Results:
The mean age of survivors and deceased patients was 67.8 and 69.0 years, respectively (p=0.136). The sex distribution (male/female) was 48/146 and 8/15, respectively (p=0.298). Of the 217 patients, 23 died, resulting in a mortality rate of 10.6%. In univariate analysis, the Huang and Tseng classification (p=0.004), platelet count (p=0.005), and acute kidney injury (p=0.007) were significantly associated with mortality from EPN. In multivariate analysis, only the Huang and Tseng classification (p=0.029) was identified as a risk factor. Mortality rates according to the Huang and Tseng classification were as follows: class I (5.88%), class II (7.50%), class IIIa (14.28%), class IIIb (25.00%), and class IV (23.07%).
Conclusions
EPN is associated with a high mortality rate. Among various clinical factors, the Huang and Tseng classification was the most significant indicator for predicting mortality.
8.Digital Phenotyping of Rare Endocrine Diseases Across International Data Networks and the Effect of Granularity of Original Vocabulary
Seunghyun LEE ; Namki HONG ; Gyu Seop KIM ; Jing LI ; Xiaoyu LIN ; Sarah SEAGER ; Sungjae SHIN ; Kyoung Jin KIM ; Jae Hyun BAE ; Seng Chan YOU ; Yumie RHEE ; Sin Gon KIM
Yonsei Medical Journal 2025;66(3):187-194
Purpose:
Rare diseases occur in <50 per 100000 people and require lifelong management. However, essential epidemiological data on such diseases are lacking, and a consecutive monitoring system across time and regions remains to be established. Standardized digital phenotypes are required to leverage an international data network for research on rare endocrine diseases. We developed digital phenotypes for rare endocrine diseases using the observational medical outcome partnership common data model.
Materials and Methods:
Digital phenotypes of three rare endocrine diseases (medullary thyroid cancer, hypoparathyroidism, pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma) were validated across three databases that use different vocabularies: Severance Hospital’s electronic health record from South Korea; IQVIA’s United Kingdom (UK) database for general practitioners; and IQVIA’s United States (US) hospital database for general hospitals. We estimated the performance of different digital phenotyping methods based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 in the UK and the US or systematized nomenclature of medicine clinical terms (SNOMED CT) in Korea.
Results:
The positive predictive value of digital phenotyping was higher using SNOMED CT-based phenotyping than ICD-10-based phenotyping for all three diseases in Korea (e.g., pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma: ICD-10, 58%–62%; SNOMED CT, 89%). Estimated incidence rates by digital phenotyping were as follows: medullary thyroid cancer, 0.34–2.07 (Korea), 0.13–0.30 (US); hypoparathyroidism, 0.40–1.20 (Korea), 0.59–1.01 (US), 0.00–1.78 (UK); and pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, 0.95–1.67 (Korea), 0.35–0.77 (US), 0.00–0.49 (UK).
Conclusion
Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of developing digital phenotyping of rare endocrine diseases and highlight the importance of implementing SNOMED CT in routine clinical practice to provide granularity for research.
9.Sex Differences in Procedural Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes Among Patients Undergoing Bifurcation PCI
Hyun Jin AHN ; Francesco BRUNO ; Jeehoon KANG ; Doyeon HWANG ; Han-Mo YANG ; Jung-Kyu HAN ; Leonardo De LUCA ; Ovidio de FILIPPO ; Alessio MATTESINI ; Kyung Woo PARK ; Alessandra TRUFFA ; Wojciech WANHA ; Young Bin SONG ; Sebastiano GILI ; Woo Jung CHUN ; Gerard HELFT ; Seung-Ho HUR ; Bernardo CORTESE ; Seung Hwan HAN ; Javier ESCANED ; Alaide CHIEFFO ; Ki Hong CHOI ; Guglielmo GALLONE ; Joon-Hyung DOH ; Gaetano De FERRARI ; Soon-Jun HONG ; Giorgio QUADRI ; Chang-Wook NAM ; Hyeon-Cheol GWON ; Hyo-Soo KIM ; Fabrizio D’ASCENZO ; Bon-Kwon KOO
Korean Circulation Journal 2025;55(1):5-16
Background and Objectives:
The risk profiles, procedural characteristics, and clinical outcomes for women undergoing bifurcation percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are not well defined compared to those in men.
Methods:
COronary BIfurcation Stenting III (COBIS III) is a multicenter, real-world registry of 2,648 patients with bifurcation lesions treated with second-generation drug-eluting stents.We compared the angiographic and procedural characteristics and clinical outcomes based on sex. The primary outcome was 5-year target lesion failure (TLF), a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization.
Results:
Women (n=635, 24%) were older, had hypertension and diabetes more often, and had smaller main vessel and side branch reference diameters than men. The pre- and post-PCI angiographic percentage diameter stenoses of the main vessel and side branch were comparable between women and men. There were no differences in procedural characteristics between the sexes. Women and men had a similar risk of TLF (6.3% vs. 7.1%, p=0.63) as well as its individual components and sex was not an independent predictor of TLF. This finding was consistent in the left main and 2 stenting subgroups.
Conclusions
In patients undergoing bifurcation PCI, sex was not an independent predictor of adverse outcome.
10.The Effects of Nicotine on Re-endothelialization, Inflammation, and Neoatherosclerosis After Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation in a Porcine Model
Seok OH ; Ju Han KIM ; Saleem AHMAD ; Yu Jeong JIN ; Mi Hyang NA ; Munki KIM ; Jeong Ha KIM ; Dae Sung PARK ; Dae Young HYUN ; Kyung Hoon CHO ; Min Chul KIM ; Doo Sun SIM ; Young Joon HONG ; Seung-won LEE ; Youngkeun AHN ; Myung Ho JEONG
Korean Circulation Journal 2025;55(1):50-64
Background and Objectives:
Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis.Nicotine, a crucial constituent of tobacco, contributes to atherosclerosis development and progression. However, evidence of the association between nicotine and neointima formation is limited. We aimed to evaluate whether nicotine enhances neointimal hyperplasia in the native epicardial coronary arteries of pigs after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DES).
Methods:
After coronary angiography (CAG) and quantitative coronary angiography (QCA), we implanted 20 DES into 20 pigs allocated to 2 groups: no-nicotine (n=10) and nicotine (n=10) groups. Post-PCI CAG and QCA were performed immediately. Follow-up CAG, QCA, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and histopathological analyses were performed 2 months post-PCI.
Results:
Despite intergroup similarities in the baseline QCA findings, OCT analysis showed that the nicotine group had a smaller mean stent and lumen areas, a larger mean neointimal area, greater percent area stenosis, and higher peri-strut fibrin and inflammation scores than the no-nicotine group. In immunofluorescence analysis, the nicotine group displayed higher expression of CD68 and α-smooth muscle actin but lower CD31 expression than the no-nicotine group.
Conclusions
Nicotine inhibited re-endothelialization and promoted inflammation and NIH after PCI with DES in a porcine model.

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