The coronary collateral circulation is an alternative source of blood supply to the myocardium jeopardized by failure of the original vessel to provide adequate flow. Angiogenesis growth factors induce angiogenesis to promote collateral circulation, been demonstrated in a number of different animal test and phase Ⅰ clinical experience to induce collateralization in the ischemic area and improve cardiac function. Although there are several unsolved questions, the pharmacologic use of angiogenesis growth factors will represent a viable therapeutic alternative for the patients with ischemic heart disease.

By generalizing the integrity crisis of college students,the article analyzes the causes of this phenomenon,and proposes a series of measures aiming at strengthening integrity education,establishing the favorable environment,completing the mechanism of rewards and punishments and building the credit system,in the hope of securing the deepening and full completion of good-faith education at college,both ideologically and systematically.

OBJECTIVE:To research the correlation between per capita disposable income,investment of pharmaceutical advertisement,people’s healthy level,pharmaceutical price and the demand of drugs in China METHODS:Based on the economical theory,the methods of the econometrics and the Eviews were adopted to establish the model of demand function RESULTS & CONCLUSION:Under the background of the non-full competition,the improvement of people’s living conditions can lead to the demand of drugs The changes of drug price have little influence on the demand of drugs

Objective To investigate the serum levels of anti-BRAF antibody in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its clinical significance.Methods Blood samples from 129 patients with RA,71 patients with other rheumatic diseases and 68 healthy controls were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).The serum levels of anti-BRAF antibody in patients with RA were divided into high,medium and low groups,each group had 43 cases.The clinical symptoms,immunological findings and related imaging data of all cases were recorded.We investigated the relationship between the serum levels of anti-BRAF antibody and the clinical symptoms,immunological findings and related imaging changes of the RA group.Chi-square test,Mann-Whitney U test,Spearman's correlation test were used for statistical analysis.Results ① The serum levels of anti-BRAF antibody were significantly higher in RA group [A:1.093 (0.150-3.210)] than in other rheumatic diseases group [A:0.278 (0.093-0.455)] and healthy controls [A:0.202 (0.121-0.443)] (Z=-11.223,P=0.021 ; Z=-7.839,P=0.008 7).The serum levels of anti-BRAF antibody was not significantly different between patients with other rheumatic diseases group and healthy controls (Z=-0.905,P=0.445).② The difference in positive rate of rheumatoid factor (RF) in different groups of anti-BRAF antibody levels was statistically significant (λx2=10.14,P=0.006),namely the positive rate was significantlyhigher in the low-level group (88％) than in the high-level group (58％) (x2=10.03,P=0.002).Thepositive rate of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody and anti-keratin antibody of the three groups was not significantly different (x2=0.721,P=0.697; x2=1.735,P=0.188).③ There was significant negative correlation between the levels of anti-BRAF antibody and the course of disease (r=-0.233,P=0.047),RF(r=-2.84,P=0.039),IgM (r=-0.234,P=0.038),and hemoglobin (r=-0.287,P=0.032).There was no significant correlation between the level of anti-BRAF antibody and the joint swelling index (r=-0.133,P=0.230),joint pain index (r=-0.173,P=0.100),other clinical and laboratory parameters.There was significantly negative correlation between the ESR and hemoglobin level.④ There was no significant difference of the level of anti-BRAF antibody between the normal group and patients with bone destruction in the RA group (Z=-0.642,P=0.521).⑤ There was no significant difference in the level of anti-BRAF antibody between the normal group and patients with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis group in the RA group (Z=-0.121,P=0.904).Conclusion The anti-BRAF antibody can be used for the diagnosis of RA as a new autoantibody,and it can also be used in the diagnosis of early or RF-negative RA.There is no correlation between the level of anti-BRAF antibody and bone destruction and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis.

Objective To find the inpact(s) of Losartan on myocardial apoptosis in rats with heart failure. Methods Eight-week-old male SD rats were divided into control group (group C) , heart failure (group HF) and treatment group (group LS). Use of doxorubicin injection model, group LS at the same time in a row to the oral losartan, myocardial ultrastructure was examined by TEM. DNA-situ terminal labeling (TUNEL method) was used to detect myocardial apoptosis and myocardial BAX, BCL-2 protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Group HF showed significant myocardial cell injury, and apoptotic bodies were found, serum CPK, CK-MB and LDH were increased. In LS group, myocardial apoptosis index was lower (P <0. 01) , myocardial cells BCL-2 expression, BAX expression reduced as compared with those in HF group. Conclusion Losartan can effectively inhibit the process of heart failure occurred in cardiomyocyte apoptosis, reverse myocardial damage and improve the prognosis of heart failure.

Lysyal oxidase (LOX),a cooper dependent monoamine oxidase,can stabilize the extracellular matrix and is closely related to the tumor cell differentiation,vicious transformation and invasiveness.LOX is secreted into extracellular,and it is resolved into a small fragment by sol protease,which is lysyal oxidase propeptide (LOX-PP).According to research,LOX-PP has its own structure and physiological functions,which can inhibit the growth of tumor cells.LOX-PP also plays a significant role in the generation and progression of tumor,which is likely to be a new therapeutic target.

Asymptomatic bacteriuria is common in diabetic patients. This article reviews several aspects of asymptomatic bacteriuria in diabetes mellitus, including prevalence, mechanisms, coexisting risk factors, bacteriology, treatment and prognosis.

Nonglomerular synapses in the neuropil of the substantia gelatinosa of adult ratspinal trigeminal nucleus were subjected to electron microscopic examination. Nonglomerular synapses in the substantia gelatinosa were associated with four main types of axonal terminals. On the basis of vesicle shapes, these were classified as round vesicle, elongate vesicle, pleomorphie vesicle, and dense cored vesicle terminals. The category of round vesicle terminals could be subdivided into large round vesicle terminals and small round vesicle terminals according to their different size of synaptic vesicles. Nonglomerular synapses included four types, i. e. axodendritic, axo-axonic, dendro-dendritic and dendro-axonic synapses. Of these, the majority of synapses were axodendritie. The functional significance of the classification of these synapses and their axonal terminals had been discussed.

Large dense core vesicle in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis of the rat has been observed electron microscopically. It is fixed in glutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide following removal of the skin of the vibrissae areas. The findings of the present study are: 1.Morphological evidence for exocytosis of large dense core vesicle from non-synaptic sites of the axonal terminal has been presented.2. The large coated vesicles equipped with central densities derived from the invagination of the plasma membrane. These observations suggest that membrane recycling occur at location in the terminal via these coated vesicles.3.Some large dense core vesicles may also form the tubular structures which may represent smooth endoplasmic reticulum containing dense material. This study supports the hypothesis that release of the transmitter of the great dense core vesicles occur at nonsynaptic sites by exocytosis.

Objective To study the mechanism of haze formation after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Methods 27 adult New Zealand white rabbits were employed in this study.24 of them received PRK in the right eye and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in the left eye at the same time and under the same condition for -10\^00D ablation at once,24hour,1 week,2 week,1month,3 month,6 month and 12 month after surgery,the corneas were examined periodically by slip\|lamp microscopy for haze formation,and the both eyes of 3 rabbits were enucleated,the corneas were studies with light microscopy;transmission electron microscopy;immunohistochemical evaluation for extracellular matrix,including collagen type Ⅰ,type Ⅲ,type Ⅵ,cellular fibronection,tenascin and laminin;RT\|PCR detection for mRAN of collagen type Ⅰ. Results The incidence of haze was 100% after PRK.No haze formation after LASIK.Haze was located at the anterior stroma immediately adjacent to the ablated areas.The change of structure and composition which correlated with haze formation was due to a combination of the following factors:the basement membrane of corneal epithelium was discontinuous;A new layer of subepithelium tissue was synthesized;fibroblast was increased in number and activated;the collagen fibrils were disorganized.The diameter of fibrils and the space between the fibrils were irregular in the anterior stroma;The newly synthesized extracellular matrix inculding collagen type Ⅰ,type Ⅲ,type Ⅵ,cellular fibronection,tenascin and laminin were deposited in the anterior corneal stroma.Conclusion\ The formation and disappearing of haze was the result of interreaction between fibroblast and extracellular matrix.The destruction of basement membrane of corneal epithelium and Bowmen's member after PRK is initializing factor during haze formation.\;[