The contentofthe pharmacology is huge and full of variety of drugs,therefore,easy to confuse,besides,it's difficult to understand the abstract mechanism.This article describes the pharmacology teaching methods such as disease example,comparison,practice and so on.These methods stimulate students'interest in studying and learning initiative as well as train students'abilities to discover,analyze and solce problems,and at last have achieved good teaching effects.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of serum microRNA-151a-3p (miR-151a-3p) expression in peripheral blood of patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI), and to analyze the correlation between miR-151a-3p and related inflammatory factors, in order to obtain new evidence and ideas in the diagnosis and treatment of ACI. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted. The clinical data of patients with ACI admitted to Department of Neurology of People's Hospital of Wuhan University from April to July in 2004 were enrolled. 114 ACI patients with first onset and duration of 2-14 days served as the research objects, and in the same period 58 healthy persons with matched age, and gender served as healthy control group. The risk factors of cerebral infarction in ACI patients and levels of serum miR-151a-3p, interleukins (IL-6, IL-8), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in all the subjects were completely recorded. The correlation between serum miR-151a-3p and the area and type of cerebral infarction, the causes of infarction as well as the inflammatory cytokines was analyzed. The correlation of 10-year survival rate of patients with different expression levels of miR-151a-3p in patients with ACI was analyzed. Results A total of 114 patients with ACI were enrolled, with 59 male, 55 female, and age ranged 48-63 years with a mean of (55.0±6.7) years. Large infarction was found in 25 cases, middle sized infarction in 26 cases, small infarction in 53 cases, and lacunar infarction in 10 cases. According to the modified Trial of Org 10172 in acute stroke treatment (TOAST), the patients were classified as thrombotic cerebral infarction (AT) 92 cases, embolism (CE) from cardiac origin 10 cases, and small arterial occlusive cerebral infarction (SAD) 12 cases. After eliminating the influence of cerebral infarction risk factors on the expression level of miRNAs, and compared with that of healthy control group, the level of serum miR-151a-3p expression was significantly increased in ACI group (2-ΔΔCt: 2.28±1.85 vs. 1.27±0.98, P < 0.01); the levels of serum miR-151a-3p in large, middle, small, lacunar infarction groups were markedly up-regulated (2-ΔΔCt: 1.78±1.02, 1.92±1.11, 2.22±1.54, 2.61±1.82 vs. 1.27±0.98, all P < 0.05) with no significant difference among different infarction groups. The serum miR-151a-3p expression in AT and CE groups was significantly higher than that of the healthy control group (2-ΔΔCt: 2.01±1.45, 1.99±0.89 vs. 1.27±0.98, both P < 0.05), but no significant difference was found between SAD group and healthy control group (2-ΔΔCt: 1.72±0.30 vs. 1.27±0.98, P > 0.05). The levels of serum IL-6, IL-8, CRP and TNF-α in ACI group were all higher than those of healthy control group [IL-6 (ng/L): 45.21±14.33 vs. 39.70±13.15, IL-8 (μg/L): 29.12±14.92 vs. 22.50±10.12, CRP (mg/L): 6.61±3.02 vs. 5.40±2.75, TNF-α (ng/L): 65.20±16.14 vs. 55.70±14.35, all P < 0.05]. In addition, higher expression of serum pro-inflammatory mediators IL-6, IL-8, CRP and TNF-α were positively correlated with miR-151a-3p (R2 value were 0.092, 0.055, 0.034, 0.036, all P < 0.05). Ten-year survival rate was higher in patients with low expression of miR-151a-3p [with 1.27±1.98 as the boundary, 48.57% (17/35) vs. 34.18% (27/79), log-rank = 3.411, P = 0.045]. Conclusions Up-regulated serum miR-151a-3p may be involved in the pathophysiology of ACI. Therefore, miR-151a-3p may be used as a reference to predict the severity of neurological deficit in clinic.

The therapeutic effect of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) was determined by a number of factors.Comprehensive thorough analysis of clinical features,imaging results and treatment response can predict the potential efficacy and possible vision recovery for the patient,and also can optimize the treatment regime to make a personalized therapy plan.Precise medicine with data from genomics,proteomics and metabolomics study will provide more objective and accurate biology basis for individual precise treatment.The future research should focus on comprehensive assessment of factors affecting the efficacy of anti-VEGF therapy,to achieve individualized precise diagnosis and treatment,to improve the therapeutic outcome of nAMD.

The pollution levels were slight-pollution for most of unqualified cosmetics.The results of health risk assessment showed that all of the cosmetics were security.Conclusion On the whole,the qualities of cosmetics that are used in beauty and hairdressing salon are qualified,but they still don’t match the new standard well,and there are still a few of cosmetics unqualified.

Objective This study investigated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)manifestations and pathological changes after aquaporin-4 (AQP4)gene silencing in treatment of early cerebral infarction.Methods Ninety adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into con-trol group,infarction group and treatment group.All the above groups were assigned to five sub-groups according to the time point:0.5,1,2,4 and 6 hours,respectively (n= 6 for each group).For the right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO-infarction group),the rats were separately injected with short hairpin RNA-AQP4 liposome (shRNA-AQP4+MCAO-control group)and in-terference agents (siRNA-AQP4 + MCAO-interference group).The rats in all groups were examined with T2 weighted image (T2 WI)and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).The rs-T2 WI,rs-DWI and relative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)of the big-gest high-signal-intensity layer on T2 WI and DWI were measured.Corresponding brain tissue was collected for pathological observa-tion.The data were analyzed using SPSS 13.0 software.Results Identical changes were detected between control and infarction groups.The high-signal intensity was found on DWI at 0.5 hour and on T2 WI at 2 hours after MCAO.rs-DWI and rs-T2 WI in-creased with time.The value of relative ADC decreased quickly within 2 hours after MCAO,and cytotoxic edema was significantly aggravated.The value of relative ADC increased slowly at 4 and 6 hours,but angioedema was detected during this period.There was significant change in relative ADC between the treatment and control groups at 0.5 to 4 hours (P < 0.01)and cytotoxic edema was significantly lightened.But there was no significant difference in relative ADC between treatment and control groups at 6 hours (P >0.05).However,angioedema was visible in this group at 6 hours.Above results confirmed that during early cerebral in-farction,the differential regions of DWI and T2 WI high-signal area were considered as cytotoxic edema,which was the pathologic basis of the decreased ADC values.AQP4 gene silencing could effectively reduce cytotoxic edema.Conclusion DWI and ADC value could reveal timely and exactly therapeutic outcomes of cytotoxic edema.The high-signal intensity on T2 WI represents angioedema, and AQP4 gene silencing has no obvious change.

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of treating senile intervertebral disc Herniation with acupuncture, tuina and traction and with physiotherapy and traction. Methods: Altogether 150 cases above 65 years old were randomly allocated into treatment group and control group, each containing 75 cases. Traction, acupuncture and tuina therapy were adopted in the treatment group, while traction and physiotherapy were adopted in the control group. Results: After one-month treatment, the recovery rate of the treatment group were 70.7%, which was significantly better than 53.3% of the control group (P＜ 0.05). Conclusion:Combination of acupuncture, tuina and traction has very good efficacy in treating senile intervertebral disc Herniation.

Objective:To observe the efficacy of acupuncture-moxibustion therapy in treating urinary retention after surgery for cervical cancer. Methods:Fifty eligible patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group by their visiting sequence, 25 in each group. The control group was intervened by indwelling urethral catheter after gynecological surgery; while the treatment group started to receive acupuncture-moxibustion and cupping treatment at the 7th day after surgery, in addition to the intervention given to the control group. The residual urine volume and total effective rate of the two groups were detected. Results:After 7-day treatments, the total effective rate was 92.0% in the treatment group versus 72.0% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion:Acupuncture-moxibustion treatment plus cupping based on the conventional intervention is effective for urinary retention after surgery for cervical cancer, worth promoting in clinic.

Objective To investigate the clinical diagnosis and treatment of incomplete Beh et′s disease. Methods The clinical data of 52 patients (83 eyes ) with incomplete Beh et′s disease were retrospectively analysed. Visual acuity and results of examination of slit-lamp microscope, ocular fundus, and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) were observed and analysed. All of patients were treated by local cycloplegic, systemic treatment with glucocorticoid and cytoxan. The followed-up period was 1 year or more. Results Recurrent hypopyon or empyema of anterior chamber angle, and hyperaemia of optic papilla was found in 54 and 41 eyes, respectively. The results of FFA showed that abnormal changes were found in all of the eyes. There was vascular leakage and staining of optic papilla at the early and late stage in 83 eyes (100%), diffuse leakage of retinal capillary vessel in 83 eyes (100%), and leakage of affected branch of retinal vessel and staining of the vascular wall at the late stage in 71 eyes (85.54%).After the treatment, the disease recovered completely in 20 patients (26 eyes), recovered partly in 20 (33 eyes), and alleviated in 12 (24 eyes). No patients suffered from hypopyon or empyema of anterior chamber angle and hyperemia of optic papilla. None of the patients had oral ulcer, genital ulcer or arthritis until the last day of the follow-up. Conclusions Recurrent hypopyon, papillitis, and retinal vasculitis were the main clinical manifestations of incomplete Beh et′s disease. FFA redounds to the diagnosis of the disease and timely application of cycloplegic and systemic application of glucocorticoid and cytoxan may inhibit the aggravation of the disease effectively.

60 mm Hg (PP1 group) or 40 mm Hg≤PP≤60 mm Hg (PP2 group),1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa.Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring,the serum and urine ?_2-MG,urine mAlb,blood BUN and Cr were measured in both groups,the blood pressure,serum and urine ?_2-MG,urine mAlb,blood BUN and Cr were compared between two groups. Results Compared with PP2 group,the PP1 group showed higher levels of renal function indexes. Conclusion Renal damage is related with pulse pressure in senile essential hypertension.

Objective:To evaluate MRI manifesattions of intradural metastases of medulloblastomas.Methods:The clinical data and MRI of 6 cases with intradural metastasis of medulloblastomas were reviewed retrospectively.Results:21 masses were found in 6 cases,mostly in lumbar segment.Most of them were oblong or fusiform shagped.The size averaged 1.8 cm?2.3 cm.They had the similar signal intensity with those in brain,but hemorrhage,cyst and calcification were less common.Conclusion:MRI plays an importment role in diagnosis of intradural metastases of medulloblastomas. [