Objective:To measure the concentration of free fatty acids(FFAs) and analyse its associations with correlative factors in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS).Methods:11 obese and 28 non-obese women with PCOS and 21 age-matched healthy women were recruited.Serum concentration of FFAs,free testosterone,androstenedione,total testosterone,sex hormone binding globulin,TC,TG,HDL-c,LDL-c,fasting plasma glucose (FPG),2-hours post prandial glucose (PPG),fasting insulin(FINS) and insulin sensitivity (with two-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique) were measured.Results:There was no significant difference in serum FFAs level between obese and non-obese women with PCOS,while both groups showed higher serum concentration of FFAs than controls( P

BACKGROUND:Sustained-release carriers of insulin shaped as microspheres made of different biomaterials have become an issue of concern. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the carrier materials and methods to prepare sustained-release microspheres of insulin. METHODS:Wanfang and PubMed databases were retrieved by computer for articles related to sustained-release carriers of insulin published from 1997 to 2015. The search terms were“insulin, control ed-release carrier, biomaterials”in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Natural biodegradable polymer materials are preferred to prepare sustained-release microspheres of insulin, including gelatin, alginate, chitosan and its derivatives. These natural materials have good biocompatibility, degradability, film-forming and microsphere-forming abilities. Synthetic biodegradable polymer materials as carrier materials can promote drug stability and effective utilization, and realize targeted drug delivery. According to different physicochemical properties of materials, sustained-release carriers of insulin that meet different requirements can be prepared using emulsion-chemical crosslinking, spray drying and solvent evaporation methods. This review provides new insight into the development of stable drug carriers.

This article classified and compared the latest researches on the objectification of pulse diagnosis based on its theory and purpose. It introduced the significance of objectification of pulse diagnosis, which also revealed the reason that hindered its development and applications in practice. The paper has an overview of its current status and some personal reflection on this issue.

In post-trial follow-up of DCCT,UKPDS and Steno-2 studies,sustained beneficial effects on the risk reductions for microvascular and macrovascular complications has been observed in previous intensive treatment group,suggesting that patients with diabetes benefit mostly from early intensive blood glucose control.On the other hand,intensive glucose lowering therapy has been shown to increase the risk of all cause mortality in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes in ACCORD study.Therefore,the target of blood glucose control should be individualized for each diabetic patient.Not only intensive glucose lowering therapy but also avoidance of hypoglycemia during therapy should be highly considered.

Respirator is one of medical equipment in the first-aid, the clinical risk of it is much higher than the general medical equipment and diagnostic or patient monitor equipment. As a result, the quality control of it is particularly important. Several issues of the quality control of the respirator, such as the pre -purchase technical feasibility study, acceptance and installation after arrival, respirator use and management, respirator-reported loss demonstration and cost- benefit analysis of it are discussed from the angle of clinical engineers and technical personnel.

Dorsal-ventral axis formation is one of the earliest and the most important steps of patterning formation during early embryogenesis.The molecular basis of dorsoventral axis formation reflects the fundamental issues of orchestrated cell proliferation and differentiation.Wildly speculated since the Renaissance,the effort of deciphering the mechanisms of dorsal-ventral axis formation has contributed significantly to our current understanding of disease pathogenesis.Here,we focused our discussion on the recent discovery of the convergence of dorsal and ventral signaling pathways during early embryogenesis and its implications in cancer biology and beyond.

Objective To observe the efficacy and acute toxicity in non-myeloablative low-dose tatal body irradiation. Methods From January 2006 to January 2008, 27 cases of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients received non-myeloablative pretreatment program involving low-dose whole body irradiation. Pretreatment program: the total dose of TBI was 2 Gy, once completely. According to primary disease, physical condition, age, organ function and HAL coincide situation, the patients received different chemotherapy, including FUL, CTX, Ara-C, melphalan and so on. To prevent the graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), CSA/MMF was used. Results Hematopeietic reconstruction: the peripheral blood WBC in all 27 cases reduced to (0.05-0.9) × 109/L in 4 to 8 days, with the neutrophil count > 0.5 × 109/L in 8 to 22 days (median + 10.5 days), the platelet count > 30 × 109/L in 11 to 28 days (median + 14.5 days). The transplant rate was 85.2% (23/27). The fever rate was 65% and the infection rate was 37% (10/27). Hemorrhagic cystitis,hepatic veno-occlusive disease (HVOD), and other complications did not occurred. 4 cases developed aGVHD (15 %) and 5 cases developed cGVHD (19 %) out of 27 cases. Follow-up 3 to 22 months, 21 eases are still alive (77.8%). Conclusions Pretreatment with low-dose whole body irradiation of non-myeloablative hematopeietic stem cell transplantation proved to be simple and safe with fewer complications and broad indications. Program of TBI with total dose of 2 Gy (once completely) is a safe, less toxic and effective method. It could achieve the effectiveness of immune suppression.

It is of great importance to have a correct understanding of what is meant by governmental purchasiug and the system of governmental purchasing. The authors first expound the connotation and extension, characteristics and forms of governmental purchasing and the significance and necessity of centralized drug purchasing. Then they focus their discussion on the specific procedures of centralized drug purchasing. Finally they point out that it is imperative to seek unity of thinking, standardize operations, adopt institutionalized means of management, and make a really good job of centralized drug purchasing.