Drug Combinations ; Drug Eruptions ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Humans ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; adverse effects ; Indoles ; adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Niacin ; adverse effects ; Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous ; chemically induced ; diagnosis

Pleurotus ostreatus better known as oyster mushroom is widely cultivated and consumed as food in Malaysia. The present study aims to assess the antioxidative potential and total phenolic content of P. ostreatus aqueous extract. The antioxidant activities were evaluated against DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activity, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and β-carotene-linoleate bleaching assay, and the Folin-Ciocalteu method for total phenolic content (TPC). The DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activity was found to be 63.20% and 87.29% respectively; antioxidant activity using FRAP at 1.45 mM FE/100g and β-carotenelinoleate bleaching assay was 83.51%, while the TPC was found to be 798.55 mg GAE/100g. These antioxidant activities were compared to synthetic antioxidant, BHA and ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid showed highest scavenging effects on DPPH and ABTS radical, followed by P. ostreatus and BHA (at maximum safety limit). The ferric reducing power of P. ostreatus was significantly higher than BHA and ascorbic acid. The antioxidant activity as assessed in β-carotene-linoleate bleaching assay was found to be higher in BHA compared to P. ostreatus. The aqueous extract of P. ostreatus was found to respond differently in antioxidant assays. The antioxidative activity of the aqueous extract of P. ostreatus correlated with its total phenolic content. Generally, the antioxidant activities of P. ostreatus’ aqueous extract are comparable to that of BHA and ascorbic acid to a certain extent.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of 2D-array I’mRT MatriXX for dose verification of TomoDirect treatment plans. Methods: In this study, a 2D-array ion chamber device – the I’mRT MatriXX and Multicube Phantom from IBA – was used for dose verification of different TomoDirect plans. Pre-treatment megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) was performed on the phantom setup for position correction. After the irradiation of treatment plans on the I’mRT MatriXX and Multicube Phantom, the measured doses of coronal planes were compared with those from the planning calculations for verification. The results were evaluated by comparing the absolute dose difference in the high dose region as well as the gamma analysis of the 2D-dose distributions on the coronal plane. The comparison was then repeated with the measured dose corrected for angular dependence of the MatriXX. Results: When angular dependence is taken into account, the passing rate of gamma analysis is over 90% for all measurements using the MatriXX. If there is no angular dependence correction, the passing rate of gamma analysis worsens for treatment plans with dose contribution from the rear. The passing rate can be as low as 53.55% in extreme cases, i.e. where all doses in the treatment plan are delivered from the rear. Conclusion: It is important to correct the measured dose for angular dependence when verifying TomoDirect treatment plans using the MatriXX. If left uncorrected, a large dose discrepancy may be introduced to the verification results.

Using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for prostate cancer (PCa) screening led to overinvestigation and overdiagnosis of indolent PCa. We aimed to investigate the value of prostate health index (PHI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prostate in an Asian PCa screening program. Men aged 50-75 years were prospectively recruited from a community-based PSA screening program. Men with PSA 4.0-10.0 ng ml -1 had PHI result analyzed. MRI prostate was offered to men with PSA 4.0-50.0 ng ml -1 . A systematic prostate biopsy was offered to men with PSA 4.0-9.9 ng ml -1 and PHI ≥35, or PSA 10.0-50.0 ng ml -1 . Additional targeted prostate biopsy was offered if they had PI-RADS score ≥3. Clinically significant PCa (csPCa) was defined as the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade group (GG) ≥2 or ISUP GG 1 with involvement of ≥30% of total systematic cores. In total, 12.8% (196/1536) men had PSA ≥4.0 ng ml -1 . Among 194 men with PSA 4.0-50.0 ng ml -1 , 187 (96.4%) received MRI prostate. Among them, 28.3% (53/187) had PI-RADS ≥3 lesions. Moreover, 7.0% (107/1536) men were indicated for biopsy and 94.4% (101/107) men received biopsy. Among the men received biopsy, PCa, ISUP GG ≥2 PCa, and csPCa was diagnosed in 42 (41.6%), 24 (23.8%), and 34 (33.7%) men, respectively. Compared with PSA/PHI pathway in men with PSA 4.0-50.0 ng ml -1 , additional MRI increased diagnoses of PCa, ISUP GG ≥2 PCa, and csPCa by 21.2% (from 33 to 40), 22.2% (from 18 to 22), and 18.5% (from 27 to 32), respectively. The benefit of additional MRI was only observed in PSA 4.0-10.0 ng ml -1 , and the number of MRI needed to diagnose one additional ISUP GG ≥2 PCa was 20 in PHI ≥35 and 94 in PHI <35. Among them, 45.4% (89/196) men with PSA ≥4.0 ng ml -1 avoided unnecessary biopsy with the use of PHI and MRI. A screening algorithm with PSA, PHI, and MRI could effectively diagnose csPCa while reducing unnecessary biopsies. The benefit of MRI prostate was mainly observed in PSA 4.0-9.9 ng ml -1 and PHI ≥35 group. PHI was an important risk stratification step for PCa screening.
Humans ; Male ; Early Detection of Cancer/methods* ; East Asian People ; Image-Guided Biopsy/methods* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods* ; Prostate/pathology* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Aged