A 55-year-old woman underwent a Bentall operation and total arch replacement 18 years previously, because of chronic aortic dissection (CAD), annuloaortic ectasia (AAE), aortic valve insufficiency (AI), and Marfan syndrome. In 1996, at age 37 years, she was admitted to our hospital with diagnoses of CAD, AAE, AI, and Marfan syndrome. That same year, we performed the Bentall operation and total arch replacement (Carbomedics, 25 mm ; Hemashield, 28 mm). She then underwent Y-graft replacement for an abdominal aortic aneurysm in 2003, descending aorta replacement for a thoracic aortic aneurysm in 2007, and thoracoabdominal aorta replacement for thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm in 2010. Afterward, both coronary arteries gradually dilated. The diameter of the left coronary artery was 17 mm, while that of the right coronary artery was 25 mm. Accordingly, in 2014, we surgically replaced both coronary aneurysms with the great saphenous vein. Pathological analysis showed that both coronary aneurysms were true aneurysms because the three-layered structure was preserved. We confirmed that the great saphenous vein grafts were patent by three-dimensional computed tomography. She was discharged 17 days postoperatively once her condition stabilized. We report a case of Marfan syndrome with both coronary true aneurysms, because we think this kind of report is very rare.

A 53-year-old woman complained of symptoms of congestive heart failure and was admitted to a local hospital. Transthoracic echocardiography showed pericardial effusion and left ventricular aneurysm. The patient was transferred to our hospital for examination for treatment. Coronary angiography demonstrated triple vessels disease. The patient underwent left ventricular reconstruction and coronary bypass grafting. The operative findings showed no adhesion between the aneurysm and the pericardium. The pathological examination after operation indicated a ventricular pseudo-false aneurysm. The differentiation of left ventricular pseudo-false aneurysm from pseudo-aneurysm can be difficult.

Although there have been several studies that compared the efficacy of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), the impact of off-pump CABG (OPCAB) has not been well elucidated. Among the 9,877 patients undergoing first myocardial revascularization enrolled in the CREDO-Kyoto Registry (a registry of first-time PCI using bare-metal stents and CABG patients in Japan), 6,327 patients with multivessel and/or left main disease were enrolled in the present study (PCI 3,877/CABG 2,450). Median follow-up was 3.5 years. Propensity-score-adjusted all-cause mortality after PCI was higher than that of CABG (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] : 1.37 [1.15-1.63], p< 0.01). The incidence of stroke was lower after PCI than that after CABG (0.75 [0.59-0.96], p=0.02). The predicted risk of operative mortality (PROM) of each patient of on-pump/off-pump CABG was calculated by the logistic EuroSCORE. Patients were divided into tertiles based on their PROM. The hazard ratio of the incidence of stroke in on-pump CABG compared with off-pump CABG in the high-risk tertile was 1.80 ([1.07-3.02], p=0.03). The adjusted overall mortality was not significantly different between the two procedures even in the high-risk tertile (1.44 [0.98-2.11], p=0.06). In patients with multivessel and/or left main disease, CABG was associated with better survival outcomes than PCI using bare-metal stents. Off-pump CABG as opposed to on-pump CABG is associated with short-and long-term benefits in stroke prevention in patients with higher risk as evaluated by the EuroSCORE. No survival benefit of OPCAB was shown, regardless of preoperative risk level.

To evaluate the efficacy of the retroperitoneal approach (RP) when compared with the transperitoneal approach (TP) in elective aortoiliac reconstruction, 41 cases were reviewed. From February 1987 through October 1991, 16 patients underwent aortoiliac reconstruction through the TP approach and 25 patients underwent operation through the RP approach for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). The TP approach was associated with larger intraoperative blood loss (648.6±416.5ml) when compared with the RP approach (357.7±208.9ml) (p<0.01). The TP approach was associated with greater intraoperative blood transfusion (2093.8±1179.0ml) when compared with the RP approach (1010.4±905.3ml) (p<0.01). Both groups had similar operative times. Postoperative initiation of oral water intake was prolonged in the TP group (50.2±27.4hr) when compared with the RP group (22.3±8.9hr) (p<0.01). Postoperative initiation of walking training was prolonged in the TP group (88.7±37.1hr) when compared with the RP group (60.1±23.2) (p<0.01). This experience demonstrates that the RP approach is a preferable alternative to the TP approach in elective aortoiliac reconstruction.

A 13-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital with a history of syncope after exercise. Neither left ventricular (LV) function nor hypertrophy was detected by transthoracic echocardiography. However, 24-h Holter electrocardiogram demonstrated ST segment depression with increasing heartbeat. Exercise ²⁰¹Tl myocardial scintigram also demonstrated ischemia of the anterior LV wall. Multi-slice coronary computed tomography (CT) demonstrated hypoplasia of the left main coronary artery. The syncope on exertion was ascribed to myocardial ischemia due to hypoplasia of the left main coronary artery. We performed off-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) (left internal thoracic artery-left descending artery). The postoperative course was uneventful and postoperative stress ²⁰¹Tl myocardial scintigram demonstrated the absence of myocardial ischemia. Coronary CT demonstrated good graft patency. To date, there has not been any recurrence of syncope on exertion. We herein report a successful off-pump CABG for a patient with syncope due to hypoplasia of the left main coronary artery. Syncope on exertion due to hypoplasia of the left main coronary artery is very rare. However, certain forms of congenital coronary anomalies are associated with adverse cardiac events, including sudden cardiac death. The diagnosis, therefore, can be important and CABG is indicated, especially when there is repetitive syncope due to myocardial ischemia.

From May 1975 to August 1991, 90 patients (56 males and 34 females) underwent Bentall's operations or its modified technique. In our modified technique the coronary ostium is cut out like a button and anastomosed to the aortic graft and aortic grafts are not wrapped by the aortic wall. Preoperative diagnoses were AAE (25 patients, 28%), Stanford type A dissection (19, 21%), Marfan's syndrome (16, 18%), aortitis syndrome (12, 13%), AR+ascending aortic aneurysm (6, 7%), syphilitic aortitis (5, 6%), AS+ascending aortic aneurysm (3, 3%), Valsalva's sinus aneurysm (2, 2%) and other diseases (2, 2%). The hospital mortality rate was 17% (15/90) for all cases. The hospital mortality for aortic dissection (37% (7/19)) and reoperation cases (75% (3/4)) were very high. There were 10 cases of late death and the 10 year actuarial survival rate was 66.3%. Among 11 cardiovascular events which occured in the late phase, 5 were dissection at other aortic sites in the type A dissection and Marfan syndrome cases, and 3 were pseudoaneurysm formation at the site of coronary or the aortic anastomosis in the aortitis syndrome cases, and a detachment of the composite graft in the Marfan's syndrome cases. The 10-year event-free rate was 92.0% for non-specific AAE, 68.8% for aortitis syndrome, 61.9% for Marfan's syndrome and 47.3% for Stanford type A dissection. Non-specific AAE had excellent long-term results, but Marfan's syndrome and dissection had poor results. The button technique for coronary reconstruction is effective for all cases and its long term results are good, but, even with this technique, coronary pseudo-aneurysm occured in cases of aortitis syndrome.

We describe a case of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in an 88-year-old woman who underwent endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for an abdominal aortic aneurysm. The patient developed cardiac arrest shortly after the surgery. Following immediate resuscitation, her electrocardiogram showed extensive ST segment elevation in leads V2-V6, and echocardiography revealed apical akinesis with basal hyperkinesis. Emergency coronary angiography confirmed the absence of coronary lesions, and she was diagnosed with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Her cardiac function improved within a few days following the administration of catecholamines. Although EVAR is a less invasive surgical procedure, it may trigger Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy are essential to treat critical conditions in the acute phase.

Surgery for a shaggy aortic aneurysm requires a meticulous strategy to prevent embolic complications since the complications are associated with longer length of hospital stay and higher mortality. However, until now, there are no established treatment options to prevent embolic complications. We report a case of a 75-year-old man with a descending aortic aneurysm and a shaggy aorta who underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) with major branch artery protection. During the procedure, we placed balloon catheters in the left subclavian and left common iliac arteries, a filter device in the superior mesenteric artery, and a sheath at the ostium of the right common iliac artery. The patient did not develop embolic or other complications and was discharged on the eighth postoperative day. Our strategy of using the balloon occlusion technique and filter placement at the major vessels effectively prevented embolic complications during TEVAR for a shaggy aorta.