The WHO reported the importance of IPE (Interprofessional Education) in order to implement team-based medicine smoothly. Some Japanese medical educational institutes presented their IPE programs, which involved real patients, but most IPE programs used scenario-based or standardized patients. Moreover, few reports showed IPE programs for diabetic patient education. We created a new program, called the "Diabetes education class IPE" . Participants were 2 medical, 4 nursing, 4 pharmacy, and 3 dietician students. The students experienced the planning and management of and reflection on diabetes education classes. As a result of reflection, the "Diabetes education class IPE" was viewed as a useful IPE program.

Surveys on the snail intermediate hosts were undertaken in the paddy fields in Yatomi-cho, Aichi Prefecture, once a year over a 5-year period (1983-1987).
And the cercariae of two different avian schistosomes were detected from snails in paddy fields.
The cercariae from Polyplis haemisphaerula were identified as species beloning to the genus Gigantobilharzia and the cercariae from austropeplea ollula as species belonging to the genus Trichobilharzia.
It was concluded that the paddy field dermatitis occurring in Yatomi-cho was proved to be caused by the invasion of these cercariae.

When treating finger, hand, and elbow trauma (hereinafter, surgically treated hand trauma) in self-employed farmers, it is also necessary to consider how the patient will be able to continue working in the family business. This study investigated return-to-work outcomes of self-employed farmers in the Tokachi area in Hokkaido, Japan after surgically treated hand trauma. A survey was conducted with 56 self-employed farmers (39 men and 17 women, median age 55 years). More than 80% of the farmers (n = 49) returned to their previous work, and most returned to work during the farming season while still experiencing functional impairment. Self-employed farmers with surgically treated hand trauma tend to return to work in time for the farming season regardless of the severity of functional impairment they are experiencing, and it is important for health care providers to recognize this fact and consider return-to-work support as part of the treatment plan in addition to treatment itself. Therefore, providers must understand the processes and details of tasks performed during each farming season and devise individualized measures to accommodate patients returning to work while still experiencing impairment. In cases where multiple treatments are required, such as two-stage functional reconstruction, it is also important that the treatment plan consider the farming season, for example, by having the patient temporarily return to work and then undergo surgery during the off season.

The balance between treatment and farming work must be considered when performing hand surgery in farmers, but no studies have previously examined the level of busyness in farmers in detail. We conducted a questionnaire survey on busyness by month and desirable time for hand surgery in 20 self-employed farmers in the Tokachi region of Hokkaido who had undergone hand surgery. Busyness in crop farming peaked approximately in May for fertilizer application, sowing, and raising and transplanting seedlings and in August-October for harvesting and transporting crops. On the other hand, livestock farmers were busy with rearing management throughout the year, with a peak of busyness in May-October for fertilizer application, sowing, and harvesting and transporting forage crop. Given the approximately 3-month period of work restriction following hand surgery, all respondents wished to have this period from November to January. If a farmer is injured during the peak farming period, a treatment plan is required that supports an early return to work and allows for two-stage reconstruction and treatment of degenerative disease in the quiet period for farming. Meanwhile, almost no respondents expected to receive support from official organizations and manufacturers, indicating that there is a need to provide the government with information from a medical perspective.