Horseshoe kidney (HSK) occurs in about 0.25% of the population. Coincidence of HSK with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is rare. We describe a 70-year-old man with an infrarenal AAA coexistence with HSK diagnosed by 3D-CTA. Preoperative 3D-CT and Angiography showed two major renal arteries and an accessory artery arising from the anterior wall of aneurysm. The aneurysm was successfully replaced by knitted Dacron bifurcated graft without resection of the isthmus. The accessory renal artery was reconstructed to the graft. Renal infarction and renal dysfunction did not occur and the postoperative course was uneventful.

We have experienced 3 cases of valvulectomy without prosthetic replacement. All patients had active infective endocarditis. Clinical states of the patient who received pulmonary valvulectomy and of the other who received partial tricuspid valvulectomy are stable in the late phase. They have no cardiomegaly. The patient who received total tricuspid valvulectomy has progressive cardiomegaly. It seems that the volume overload due to the regurgetant flow in the tricuspid position causes the dilatation of the right heart. Tricuspid valvuloplasty with remained tissue or with pericardial patch may be more recommendable.

We report a case of cholesterol crystal embolism (CCE) after coronary bypass surgery. A 65-year-old man with unstable angina and abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Coronary angiography (CAG) was performed at 30 days after surgery. Two weeks after the CAG, plantar cyanosis of both feet was observed and a renal dysfunction developed. A skin biopsy of the cyanotic lesion demonstrated characteristic cholesterol clefts in small submucosal arteries. Methylprednisolone (MPSL) and prostaglandin E 1 (PGE 1) were given for 3 days and 2 weeks, respectively. The patient's condition improved remarkably. Two months after the CAG, resection of AAA was performed and the postoperative course was uneventful. Diagnosis of CCE is difficult and its prognosis still remains poor. Therefore, we should keep this unusual complication in mind.

A 3-month-old girl of univentricular heart of left ventricular type with atresia of left atrioventricular valve (LAVV) and coarctation of the aorta (Co/AO) is presented. UCG and angiography revealed concordant AV connection with straddling RAVV with transposed great arteries [SDDT]. The following pressures (in mmHg) were noted on catheterization: RA mean 1 (a=3, v=1), LA mean 12 (a=17, v=14), LV 84/0/8, Ao 81/41, and PA 74/39. Patent foramen ovale (PFO) was restrictive and balloon atrioseptostomy was not feasible. Blalock-Hanlon atrial septectomy (8×6mm), subclavian flap aortoplasy (SFA) and pulmonary arterial banding were performed simultaneously under bilateral thoracotomy. Acute renal failure occurred after surgery and the girl required peritoneal dialysis for 5 days. At 6 months after surgery, girl is doing well. There will be a predictable fall in pulmonary vascular resistance after atrial septectomy and SFA with a ligation of PDA may result transient increase in systemic resistance. Therefore, atrial septectomy and SFA in conjunction with pulmonary arterial banding should be done simultaneously.

Fourteen cases (ranged 4 days to 5 months old, mean=40 days old) of coarctation of thoracic aorta underwent subclavian flap aortoplasty were between Jan. 1986 and Dec. 1990. Early postoperative course in these patients was reviewed retrospectively. In 9 cases of these patients, complex intracardiac anormalies co-existed (VSD in 7, ECD in one, single ventricle with MA in one). Preoperative pressure gradients between upper and lower extremities were 40±7mmHg and the gradients were significantly reduced after the repair of coarctation (8±4mmHg). Serum creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) increased postoperatively reaching peak levels by day 3 (12, 315 ±8, 462IU/l) and then gradually decreased. Gultamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamicpyruvic transanmiase (GPT), serum urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (S-Cr) also increased postoperatively. When patients were divided into two group following the maximum CPK levels (group A: >4, 000; group B: <4, 000IU/l), the duration of mechanical ventilation (A: 117±21; B: 20±9hr), max. S-Cr levels (A: 2.16±0.64; B: 0.47±0.13mg/dl) and max. GPT (A: 323±127; B: 58±24IU/l) were significantly increased in group A. There was no significant correlation between these factors and postsurgical residual pressure gradients. An increase in these factors did not depend on the operation time, age, body weight and additional surgical procedures such as pulmonary arterial banding. These data suggest that the transient unbalanced blood distribution might exist even under no pressure gradients between upper and lower extremities. This might be important in the management of postoperative patients after repair of coarctation.

A 2-year-old girl who had been followed because of pulmonary valve stenosis since birth, underwent unsuccessful balloon valvuloplasty twice. The angiographic study showed thin cusps and remarkably thick and immobile filling defects in the main pulmonary artery, which indicated supravalvular PS or pulmonary valve dysplasia. Operation was done under conditions of a beating heart and total cardiopulmonary bypass. Pulmonary valve dysplasia was localized on the edge of all three cusps. After resection of the dysplastic lesion, the stenosis was released and slight regurgitation was observed by ultrasonography study.

We report a very rare case of annuloaortic ectasia with an etiology of both aortitis syndrome and Marfan's syndrome. A 25-year-old woman showed AAE and AR. Her mother had died of SLE, but there was no Marfan's syndrome in her family. Her eyes were normal but her finger was long enough to show wrist sign and thumb sign. Urgent operation was performed because of her progressive heart failure. The ascending aorta was enlarged and Valsalva sinuses showed asymmetrical dilatation. The Cabrol operation was done with a composite graft of 23mm Medtronic Hall valve and 26mm Gelseal graft. The valve was sutured to the graft for 5mm from the end of graft to minimize the tension for annulus because of the high invidence of valve detachment and leakage in aortitis syndrome. Pathological study showed findings of both aortitis syndrome and Marfan's syndrome. Postoperative aortography showed good valvular function, and the patient is doing well now at 6 months after operation.