Minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) has been developed to offer patients the benefits of open heart operations with limited skin incision, but this procedure tends to be more difficult than conventional methods. We tried to evaluate whether MICS would be reasonable as a standard operation for congenital heart defects. From August 1997 to March 2000, 42 patients with atrial septal defects (ASD) and 47 patients with ventricular septal defects (VSD) underwent total repair by the minimal skin incision and lower partial median sternotomy. Fifteen ASD patients and 6 VSD patients were enrolled by residents (resident group). Twenty-seven ASD patients and 41 VSD patients were treated by leading surgeons (staff group). We compared the clinical course of the patients between resident and staff groups. Operative time, bypass time and cardiac arrest time (VSD) of the staff group were clearly shorter than those of the resident group (p<0.05). Other clinical course parameters of the two groups showed no significant difference. The results of this study indicate that MICS for ASD and VSD is reasonable as a standard operation because there was no significant difference of postoperative clinical course except the time required for the operation.

The optimal timing of cardiac surgery for infective endocarditis in patients with severe brain complication remains unclear. We present here the successful surgical treatment of a case of infected mitral endocarditis with intractable heart failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and cerebral infarction with hemorrhage. A 37 year-old woman who received chemotherapy for breast cancer developed mitral infective endocarditis perhaps caused by infection of the implanted central venous access device and was referred to our hospital for an emergency operation. On admission, she had a mild fever and showed motor aphasia and right-sided hemiplegia. Brain CT scan findings revealed a cerebral infarction in the area of the left middle cerebral artery and a cerebral hemorrhage in the right occipital lobe. Echocardiography showed severe mitral regurgitation with huge mobile vegetation. Chest X-ray revealed severe pulmonary congestion and laboratory data showed DIC. After the mitral valve replacement with a bioprosthetic valve following complete excision of infected tissue, she was extubated on the first postoperative day with dramatic improvement of infectious signs and heart failure. Postoperative brain CT showed a new small brain hemorrhage, but no aggravation of the preoperative cerebral lesion. After she underwent surgical drainage for brain abscess on the 15th postoperative day, her postoperative course was uneventful. Even though this report is limited to a single case, only aggressive and prompt surgical intervention could relieve the intractable conditions in such a patient with extremely high risk.

We encountered a case of aortic valvuloplasty for aortic regurgitation due to congenital bicuspid valve. A 31-year-old man was found to have aortic regurgitation due to prolapse of a leaflet of the bicuspid valve by echocardiography. Under cardiopulmonary bypass, the right and left coronary cusps were conjoined and that conjoined cusp was larger than that of the opposing leaflet and had a longer free edge. A raphe was present in the conjoined leaflet. At first, we shortened the elongated free edge of the prolapsing leaflet by means of a triangular resection, and placed horizontal mattress sutures at each commissure. Furthermore, we performed subcommissular annuloplasty at each commissure, resulting in good coaptation of cusps. The patient survived and has shown an uneventful recovery. It is likely that this method of aortic valvuloplasty can be used for aortic regurgitation due to congenital bicuspid valve.

We present here a rare case of coronary artery bypass grafting through a left thoracotomy after substernal gastric interposition for esophageal cancer. A 58-year-old man, who had undergone esophagectomy and substernal gastric interposition 11 years previously, was admitted for cerebral infarction from which he made a good recovery without any complication. At this time, the patient was diagnosed as having coronary artery disease on electrocardiogram. Cardiac catheterization revealed triple vessel disease. Coronary artery bypass grafting to the left anterior descending artery and obtuse marginal branch through a left thoracotomy was performed using a radial artery Y-graft under femorofemoral bypass. The aorta was cross-clamped and the heart was arrested with antegrade cold cardioplegic solution for the distal anastomosis of the left anterior descending artery and the obtuse marginal branch which was embedded within the myocardium. The postoperative angiography showed good coronary flow. Left thoracotomy approach provides a good exposure of the left coronary artery. This approach, therefore, is advocated as an alternative method for cases requiring coronary artery bypass but in which median sternotomy is difficult, such as the present case. The appropriate procedure for the site of thoracotomy, supporting methods, choice of graft, and the site of graft anastomosis should be selected in each patient.

We successfully performed aortic root replacement in an asymptomatic 52 year-old man with dilatation of the Valsalva sinuses (75 mm). The patient had previously undergone a radical operation for the tetralogy of Fallot at 13 years of age and AVR at 46 years of age. Massive bleeding occurred in the lungs after weaning from CPB. Emergency bronchoscopy revealed that the bleeding came from the right middle and lower lobes. The bleeding was stopped conservatively on POD 3 ; however, V-V ECMO was started on POD 5 because of severe hypoxia. ECMO was successfully weaned on POD 11 and he discharged on POD 59. The presence of developed bronchial collaterals and barotrauma during the operation were speculated the causes of the bleeding from the right lung.

BACKGROUND: The persuasive effect of health messages can depend on message features, audience characteristics, and target behaviors. The objective of this study was to compare the responses to persuasive messages encouraging professional help seeking for depression between individuals with and without psychological distress. METHODS: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted on Japanese adults aged 35-45 years, who randomly received one of three persuasive messages that aimed to promote help-seeking intentions for depression. The primary message statements were as follows: (1) depression can happen to anyone, (2) depression needs treatment, and (3) depression improves with treatment. Participants rated the messages in terms of comprehensibility, persuasiveness, emotional response, and intended future use. Help-seeking intention for depression was measured using vignette methodology before and after exposure to the messages. Eligible participants who had not received medical treatment for their mental disorders were classified as either distressed (K6 score ≥ 5, N = 824) or non-distressed (K6 score < 5, N = 1133) and analyzed. RESULTS: No significant differences in comprehensibility or persuasiveness scores were observed between the messages, but the distressed group had significantly lower scores than the non-distressed group. Negative emotional responses such as surprise, anger, fear, sadness, guilt, and anxiety were significantly stronger when reading message 2, while a positive emotional response such as happiness was significantly stronger when reading message 3. These emotional responses were more prominent in the distressed than in the non-distressed group. After reading messages 1, 2, and 3, the proportions of participants in the distressed group who reported having a positive help-seeking intention increased by 35.1%, 32.1%, and 27.7%, respectively, and by 6.4%, 17.3%, and 15.2%, respectively in the non-distressed group. Multiple logistic regression analysis among participants having no help-seeking intention before exposure to the messages showed that message 2 had a significantly greater effect of increasing help-seeking intentions in the non-distressed group. CONCLUSION: The exposure to persuasive messages may promote help-seeking intentions for depression. It seems likely that loss framing will work better than neutral and gain framing. Meanwhile, the responses to persuasive messages may differ to some extent between distressed and non-distressed individuals, as individuals with psychological distress are likely to be more susceptible to persuasive messages than those without. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable; this is not a report of intervention trial.
Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; therapy ; Female ; Health Promotion ; statistics & numerical data ; Help-Seeking Behavior ; Humans ; Intention ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Persuasive Communication ; Stress, Psychological ; psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine the change in health status of the general public after starting the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with changes in workload and lifestyle. METHODS: A web-based survey was conducted in November 2020, about 9 months after starting the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan, among 8000 Japanese men and women aged 25-64 years. Participants asked for the changes after starting the COVID-19 pandemic in health status, workload, daily life, and health behavior. Ordinal logistic regression was performed to elucidate factors associated with deterioration in general health status. RESULTS: A deterioration in general health status was reported by 17.0% of male and 19.4% of female. There has been a clear shift to sedentary life with decreasing moderate activity and increasing screen time. The multivariate analysis revealed that deteriorated work style, increased burden of housework, decreased moderate activity, increased digital media exposure, and increased body weight were significantly associated with deteriorating health status. CONCLUSION Both men and women have experienced significant changes in workload and lifestyle since the COVID-19 pandemic started. People should be aware of the risks associated with their recent life changes and take self-care measures to prevent serious health consequences.
Adult ; COVID-19/psychology* ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Health Status ; Humans ; Japan/epidemiology* ; Life Style ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Workload

OBJECTIVES: While it has been pointed out that an anteroposterior (AP) view of the lumbar spine may lead to overestimation of the bone mineral density (BMD), a lateral view is expected lead to the early detection of BMD loss on scanning cancellous bone. Vertebral fracture is often seen in aged osteoporotic patients, and it is important to prevent this fracture. Therefore, we aimed to identify the optimal site for BMD measurement to assess the risk of vertebral fracture. METHODS: Forty-seven female patients with fresh osteoporotic vertebral fracture and BMD measurements were included in this study (Fracture group). As a non-fractured control group, 218 female patients with BMD measurements were enrolled (Control group). We compared BMD values based on AP and lateral views of the lumbar spine from L2 to L4 and the femoral neck. With a lateral view of the lumbar spine, we measured both the total vertebral body and vertebral body center, mainly composed of cancellous bone. RESULTS: BMD of the AP lumbar spine in the Fracture group was significantly lower than in the Control group (P < 0.05). In the subanalyses for comparisons between age-matched fracture and control groups, BMD of only the AP lumbar spine in the Fracture group was significantly lower than in the Control group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: AP lumbar spine BMD is optimal for assessing vertebral fracture occurrence.
Bone Density* ; Female ; Femur Neck ; Humans ; Spine

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationships between sick building syndrome and mold in newly-built dwellings.

METHODSSymptoms of 61 residents in 18 dwellings were surveyed by standardized questionnaires. Mold sampling was done by gravity sampling using an open Petri dish. Potato dextrose agar (PDA) and dichloran-18% glycerol agar (DG-18) were used as the culture medium.

RESULTSThere were 6 dwellings in which at least one inhabitant complained of one or more symptoms and 12 dwellings in which none of the inhabitants complained of symptoms. There was a tendency for the dwellings with inhabitants reporting symptoms to have larger colony forming units (CFU) on PDA than those without inhabitants reporting symptoms (p=0.1), but there was no difference in DG-18 result. There was a tendency for the dwellings with inhabitants reporting symptoms to have larger CFU ofCladosporium on PDA than those without (p=0.08), but there was no difference in DG-18 result. Significantly moreUlocladium sp. was detected in the dwellings with inhabitants reporting symptoms than in those without (p=0.03).Cladosporium cladosporioides was detected in all the dwellings with inhabitants reporting symptoms and 75% of the dwellings without.Cladosporium macrocarpum andCladosporium herbarum were detected in 33% of the dwellings with inhabitants reporting e symptoms and none of the dwellings without (p=0.1).

CONCLUSIONCladosporium was dominant in the Japanese newly-built dwellings studied, andCladosporium andUlocladium were probably associated with the residents' symptoms in these newly-built dwellings.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of fan therapy for the relief of dyspnea in patients with chronic progressive disease. Methods: A systematic electronic database search of all available articles published before October 23, 2019 was conducted using Ichushi-Web of the Japan Medical Abstract Society databases, CENTRAL, EMBASE, and MEDLINE. In addition, a hand-search for updates was performed using PubMed on June 30, 2020 and December 7, 2021. The inclusion criteria were: 1) any RCTs comparing the effect of fan therapy with any other intervention, and 2) patients aged ≥18 years. Exclusion criteria were: 1) duplicate references, and 2) conference presentations. Results: We identified 110 studies, of which 10 met our criteria for inclusion. Finally, five studies were used in the meta-analysis. Fan therapy significantly improved dyspnea in patients with chronic progressive disease compared to control groups with a standardized mean difference of −1.43 (95% confidence interval: −2.70 to −0.17, I2=94%, p<0.0001). Conclusion: Fan therapy was found to be effective in reducing dyspnea in chronic progressive disease.