Objective: Consultation contents from medical consumers can become a useful information for medical workers.  However, report which investigated about them is limited.  In this study, we investigated the question contents from medical consumers with telephone.
Methods: Nineteen hundred records on the consultation from medical consumers with telephone from 2007 to 2011 were subject to this study.  Using appropriate keywords and check the records, corresponding cases were extracted.
Results: Resources of drug information which medical consumers used had various one such as the Internet, television, books, and newspapers.  However the medical consumers did not necessarily understand drug information correctly from the Internet and books.  This means that support by pharmacists was necessary in those cases.
Conclusion: We think that information sharing in the medical consumers and medical workers based on a good relationship is important for proper use of drugs.

We examined the time course of soleus muscle fiber type composition. Soma area and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity of soleus motoneurons during three weeks of hindlimb suspension (HS) in rats. Adult female Wistar rats (n=34, 252-288g BW) were divided into four groups: control (n=8), hindlimb suspended for one week (HS 1 wk, n=8), two weeks (HS 2 wk, n=9), and three weeks (HS 3 wk, n=9) . Soleus muscle fiber composition was calculated from transverse sections stained for myosin ATPase (preincubation pH 10.3, 4.3) . The fiber type composition did not change in the HS 1 wk, but in the HS 2 wk and HS 3 wk, the proportion of type I fibers decreased and that of type IIc and ha fibers increased. Using a fluorescent neuronal tracer nuclear yellow, motoneurons innervating the soleus muscle were identified, and the soma area and SDH activity were measured. The soma area did not change for up to two weeks of HS, but decreased in the HS 3 wk. Compared with control, SDH activity of soleus motoneurons decreased in the HS 1 wk. However, in the HS 2 wk, the activity increased to the level of control. In the HS 3 wk, the activity tended to increase further. Generally, muscle fibers and their motoneurons have unitary characteristics. However, these results suggest that change in soleus muscle fiber composition are not accompanied by changes in soma area and SDH activity in soleus motoneurons during three weeks of HS.

On the basis of 803 answers of Yes/No questionaires about urinary incontinence from the females in Kijimadaira village and at the Hokushin General Hospital, the actual incidence was discussed especially for the purpose of the comparison between the female farmers and nurses including nurse students with urinary incontinence.

The surface-coated vascular stent of shape memory alloy was made for use of occlusion of pseudo-lumen of the dissecting aneurysm of the aorta, as the usage of shape memory alloy in angioplasty, and the metal flexible delivery catheter was also made for the introduction of the stent. In the present study, antithrombogenicity of the vascular stent was much improved by surface-coating with EPTFE and segmented polyurethane. The long-term usage of the stent was confirmed by radiological, macroscopic, and electron microscopic examinations. Moreover, the metal flexible delivery catheter was demonstrated to be of much benefit for the introduction of the surface-coated vascular stent of shape memory alloy.

Introduction: Goshuyuto was effective in a case with intractable hiccups caused by the medulla oblongata dissemination of the cerebellum melanoma. Case:A 54-yearold male patient was diagnosed cerebellum malignant melanoma. He suffered from intractable hiccups caused by the medulla oblongata dissemination lesion of this melanoma. He was treated with some Western medicines such as Baclofen, Metoclopramide, Chlorpromazine and Clonazepam, which are usually used for the treatment of hiccups, but they were not effective. Therefore we gave him Goshuyuto which is Kampo medicine and his hiccups subsided immediately. Since then, he continues taking Gosyuyuto about a year and there has been no recurrence of hiccups thus far. Conclusion: Taking of Kampo medicine is the useful choice for a patient whom Western medicine is ineffective.

Objective: In 2013, a cohort study aimed to clarify the positive and negative effects of introducing the human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for population-based cervical cancer screening has been launched in Japan. This study included four screenings during the subsequent 7-year follow-up period. We aim to describe the results of the first round of this study on cervical cancer screening here. Methods: This study began in September 2013 with recruitment completed in March 2016.Women aged 30–49 years were divided into 2 groups: those who received uterine cervical cytology alone in the first year (control group), or those who received a combination of cytology and HPV testing (intervention group), based on their age. After first screening, women with positive result of cytology or positive HPV test required referral. We summarized the results of the first round of cervical cancer screening. Results: Of the 25,074 women who were eligible for the study, 13,845 women (55.2%) were screened with cytology alone; 11,229 women (44.8%) received a combination of cytology and HPV testing. After screening, 407 women (2.9%) in the control group and 1,003 women (8.9%) in the intervention group required referral, respectively. Adding HPV testing increased referral rate significantly (p<0.001). Conclusion After first screening, introduction of HPV testing appears to contribute to significantly higher referral rates, suggesting that the number of colposcopies as a detailed examination may increase. These preliminary findings suggest that if HPV testing is introduced into screening, medical institutions need to be prepared for an increasing number of follow-up examinations.

Since late 2013 through March 2014, Japan experienced a rapid rise in measles cases. Here, we briefly report on the ongoing situation and share preliminarily findings, concerns and challenges and the public health actions needed over the coming months and years.

Measles is a notifiable disease in Japan based on nationwide case-based surveillance legally requiring physicians to report all clinically diagnosed and laboratory-confirmed cases within seven days, but preferably within 24 hours. After a large outbreak in 2007–2008 (more than 11 000 cases reported in 2008 alone) and a goal of elimination by April 2015, a catch-up programme using the bivalent measles-rubella (MR) vaccine was offered for grades seven and 12 (ages 12–13 and 17–18 years) from April 2008 through March 2013. During this period, there was an estimated 97% decline in measles notifications, and the cumulative number of reported cases has been steadily declining over the last five years (732 cases in 2009, 447 cases in 2010, 439 cases in 2011, 293 cases in 2012 and 232 cases in 2013). However, since late 2013 through March 2014, the country experienced a resurgence only a year after a large rubella outbreak.